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Dr. Joaquín López-Pascual
Rey Juan Carlos University

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Journal article
Published: 13 June 2021 in Sustainability
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Civil aviation is one of biggest industrial contributors to CO2 emissions worldwide. One of the most urgent problems of this sector is providing new technologies to continue operating in a more sustainable environment through a transition to clean energy. The Earned Value Management (EVM) model, as a traditional project management tool, is continuously being revised with new releases and extensions (e.g., ESM, EDM, QEVM, E-EVM, and ZEVM), but to date none of them has applied an expert judgment criterion to be able to modify and anticipate the final result of the project. In such a way, this paper introduces a novel approach to the topic with the so-called Enhanced and Efficient Earned Value Management (denoted E2-EVM) model by including this new capability through the real options methodology, thus helping to support the sustainability of the aerospace sector. This research focuses on three main goals: the description of recent green initiatives in the aerospace sector by checking its contribution to reaching the well-known Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the development of a new version of the EVM model by applying the real options methodology, and, finally, the financial contribution to the aerospace industry by applying these initiatives and methodologies.

ACS Style

Salvador Cruz Rambaud; Joaquín López Pascual; Juan Meléndez Rodríguez. Sustainability in the Aerospace Sector, a Transition to Clean Energy: The E2-EVM Valuation Model. Sustainability 2021, 13, 6717 .

AMA Style

Salvador Cruz Rambaud, Joaquín López Pascual, Juan Meléndez Rodríguez. Sustainability in the Aerospace Sector, a Transition to Clean Energy: The E2-EVM Valuation Model. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (12):6717.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Salvador Cruz Rambaud; Joaquín López Pascual; Juan Meléndez Rodríguez. 2021. "Sustainability in the Aerospace Sector, a Transition to Clean Energy: The E2-EVM Valuation Model." Sustainability 13, no. 12: 6717.

Journal article
Published: 03 June 2021 in Scientific Reports
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Investment decisions rely on perceptions from external stimuli along with the integration of inner brain-body signals, all of which are shaped by experience. As experience is capable of molding both the structure and function of the human brain, we have used a novel neuroimaging connectomic-genetic approach to investigate the influence of investment work experience on brain anatomy. We found that senior investors display higher gray matter volume and increased structural brain connectivity in dopamine-related pathways, as well as a set of genes functionally associated with adrenaline and noradrenaline biosynthesis (SLC6A3, TH and SLC18A2), which is seemingly involved in reward processing and bodily stress responses during financial trading. These results suggest the key role of catecholamines in the way senior investors harness their emotions while raising bodily awareness as they grow in investment maturity.

ACS Style

Elena Ortiz-Teran; Ibai Diez; Jorge Sepulcre; Joaquin Lopez-Pascual; Tomas Ortiz. Connectivity adaptations in dopaminergic systems define the brain maturity of investors. Scientific Reports 2021, 11, 1 -7.

AMA Style

Elena Ortiz-Teran, Ibai Diez, Jorge Sepulcre, Joaquin Lopez-Pascual, Tomas Ortiz. Connectivity adaptations in dopaminergic systems define the brain maturity of investors. Scientific Reports. 2021; 11 (1):1-7.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Elena Ortiz-Teran; Ibai Diez; Jorge Sepulcre; Joaquin Lopez-Pascual; Tomas Ortiz. 2021. "Connectivity adaptations in dopaminergic systems define the brain maturity of investors." Scientific Reports 11, no. 1: 1-7.

Review
Published: 21 March 2021 in Brain Sciences
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It is claimed that investment decision-making should rely on rational analyses based on facts and not emotions. However, trying to make money out of market forecasts can trigger all types of emotional responses. As the question on how investors decide remains controversial, we carried out an activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analysis using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies that have reported whole-brain analyses on subjects performing an investment task. We identified the ventral striatum, anterior insula, amygdala and anterior cingulate cortex as being involved in this decision-making process. These regions are limbic-related structures which respond to reward, risk and emotional conflict. Our findings support the notion that investment choices are emotional decisions that take into account market information, individual preferences and beliefs.

ACS Style

Elena Ortiz-Teran; Ibai Diez; Joaquin Lopez-Pascual. An ALE Meta-Analysis on Investment Decision-Making. Brain Sciences 2021, 11, 399 .

AMA Style

Elena Ortiz-Teran, Ibai Diez, Joaquin Lopez-Pascual. An ALE Meta-Analysis on Investment Decision-Making. Brain Sciences. 2021; 11 (3):399.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Elena Ortiz-Teran; Ibai Diez; Joaquin Lopez-Pascual. 2021. "An ALE Meta-Analysis on Investment Decision-Making." Brain Sciences 11, no. 3: 399.

Journal article
Published: 30 January 2021 in Symmetry
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The framework of this paper is the aerospace industry, which is one of the world’s leading sectors, thus playing a noteworthy role in current society. This makes it especially important to try to optimize the management of the aerospace sector. Therefore, the main objective of this paper is to propose the so-called Enhanced-Earned Value Management (hereinafter, E-EVM) model, able to explore the simultaneous evaluation of many projects, from which the management of the project can take advantage. Additionally, this model considers the possibility of forecasting pending tasks, measurable in time units or cost units, until the end of the project. The main contribution of E-EVM methodology is its capacity to detect both delayed and advanced projects by converting times (hours) into monetary units (EUR). Empirically, this enhanced model has been applied to a real case study in the aerospace industry composed of thousands of subprojects and the results provide the project manager with valuable information to make decisions in a short term. Through computer graphic representation techniques, the visualization of project deployment can be improved. Finally, the E-EVM model can be used even in big projects where a very large volume of information must be simultaneously treated and also, it will be suitable to apply pattern recognition concerning the project performance.

ACS Style

Joaquín López Pascual; Juan Meléndez Rodríguez; Salvador Cruz Rambaud. The Enhanced-Earned Value Management (E-EVM) Model: A Proposal for the Aerospace Industry. Symmetry 2021, 13, 232 .

AMA Style

Joaquín López Pascual, Juan Meléndez Rodríguez, Salvador Cruz Rambaud. The Enhanced-Earned Value Management (E-EVM) Model: A Proposal for the Aerospace Industry. Symmetry. 2021; 13 (2):232.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Joaquín López Pascual; Juan Meléndez Rodríguez; Salvador Cruz Rambaud. 2021. "The Enhanced-Earned Value Management (E-EVM) Model: A Proposal for the Aerospace Industry." Symmetry 13, no. 2: 232.

Journal article
Published: 15 January 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Low back pain is one the most common forms of musculoskeletal disorders. Thus, several physiotherapeutic strategies (e.g., global postural re-education therapy) have been used for reducing low back pain. The aim of this study was to determinate if acute application of global postural re-education session associated effects are influenced by the time-of-day when this physical therapy is applied. Eight participants in a randomized, counterbalanced order were acutely tested both before and 24 h after a global postural re-education therapy session (10 min session) in three different time-of-day points; morning (i.e., AM; 7:00–9:00 h), midday (i.e., AM; 12:00–14:00 h) and afternoon (i.e., PM; 18:00–20:00 h). In each session, low back pain Visual Analogue Pain Scale [VAS]), flexibility, function capacity (Roland Morris Questionnaire[RMQ], and physical functioning Oswestry Disability Index [ODI]) were recorded. Results showed a pain reduction (VAS Scale) 24 h post Global postural re-education [GPR] session (p = 0.001) and increasing of flexibility pre-post GPR session in all the time-of-day points (morning, midday, and afternoon) (p = 0.001) while no differences were reported in RMQ (p = 0.969) and ODI (p = 0.767). Thus, acute GPR session produces the same effects on flexibility, low back pain, function capacity, and physical functioning values independently of time-of-day when it is applied.

ACS Style

David Merinero; Manuel Rodríguez-Aragón; Javier Álvarez-González; Álvaro López-Samanes; Joaquín López-Pascual. Acute Effects of Global Postural Re-Education on Non-Specific Low Back Pain. Does Time-of-Day Play a Role? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 713 .

AMA Style

David Merinero, Manuel Rodríguez-Aragón, Javier Álvarez-González, Álvaro López-Samanes, Joaquín López-Pascual. Acute Effects of Global Postural Re-Education on Non-Specific Low Back Pain. Does Time-of-Day Play a Role? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (2):713.

Chicago/Turabian Style

David Merinero; Manuel Rodríguez-Aragón; Javier Álvarez-González; Álvaro López-Samanes; Joaquín López-Pascual. 2021. "Acute Effects of Global Postural Re-Education on Non-Specific Low Back Pain. Does Time-of-Day Play a Role?" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 2: 713.

Journal article
Published: 10 December 2020 in Sustainability
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Framework: Financial Technology (FinTech) is an industry composed of diversified firms that combine financial services with innovative technologies. The research question and main goal are attempting to answer whether they are more similar to traditional banks or trendy technological firms deploying their innovativeness to favor financial inclusion and sustainability. Justification: Evaluators may wonder if FinTechs follow the typical evaluation patterns of bank/financial intermediaries or those of technological firms. Preliminary empirical evidence shows that the latter interpretation is the one consistent with the stock-market mood. Objective: This study goes beyond the extant literature, analyzing the differences between FinTechs and traditional banks in market valuation, and showing the potential for digital interaction and cross-pollination of complementary business models. Methodology: The differences will be empirically analyzed with the stock market valuation and the multipliers associated with these firms. Results: The main contribution of this paper is that the appraisal approaches of FinTechs follow those of technological startups, having a revenue model much more scalable than that of a typical bank. FinTechs may so provide a solution for sustainable finance with microfinance and crowdfunding among others. FinTechs and traditional banks may eventually converge towards a common market exploiting co-opetition strategies.

ACS Style

Roberto Moro-Visconti; Salvador Cruz Rambaud; Joaquín López Pascual. Sustainability in FinTechs: An Explanation through Business Model Scalability and Market Valuation. Sustainability 2020, 12, 10316 .

AMA Style

Roberto Moro-Visconti, Salvador Cruz Rambaud, Joaquín López Pascual. Sustainability in FinTechs: An Explanation through Business Model Scalability and Market Valuation. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (24):10316.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Roberto Moro-Visconti; Salvador Cruz Rambaud; Joaquín López Pascual. 2020. "Sustainability in FinTechs: An Explanation through Business Model Scalability and Market Valuation." Sustainability 12, no. 24: 10316.

Original article
Published: 12 August 2020 in SERIEs
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The recent financial and sovereign debt crises emphasized the interdependence between bank and sovereign default risk and showed that major shocks may lead to a self-reinforcing negative spiral. In this paper, we analyse the pattern of interaction between bank and sovereign default risk by endogenously estimating the timing of structural breaks. The endogenous approach avoids the problem of choosing the number and the location of important turning points associated with the exogenous selection of break dates, commonly applied in the literature. In addition, it provides additional insight to which (if any) of the many exogenously proposed breaks are of particular importance to one specific economy, which can help policy makers to structure their actions accordingly. Using Spain during the 2008–2012 period as an illustrative example, we find supporting evidence for the three distinctive phases, marked by the breaks in the early-January and mid-May 2010. The three phases are characterized with an evident change in the bank–sovereign interaction, and we detect a bi-directional relationship only during the interim phase, i.e. at the very peak of the European sovereign debt crisis. We show that endogenously identified turning points coincide with important public events that affect investors’ perception about the government’s capacity and willingness to repay debt and support distressed banks. Finally, we provide evidence that structural dependence in the system extends to the interaction between bank and sovereign default risk volatility.

ACS Style

Lidija Lovreta; Joaquín López Pascual. Structural breaks in the interaction between bank and sovereign default risk. SERIEs 2020, 11, 531 -559.

AMA Style

Lidija Lovreta, Joaquín López Pascual. Structural breaks in the interaction between bank and sovereign default risk. SERIEs. 2020; 11 (4):531-559.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lidija Lovreta; Joaquín López Pascual. 2020. "Structural breaks in the interaction between bank and sovereign default risk." SERIEs 11, no. 4: 531-559.

Journal article
Published: 25 February 2020 in Sustainability
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Research on microfinance institutions (MFIs) has normally been focused on developing and emerging markets. However, an analysis of developed countries is also important for foreign MFIs wishing to take advantage of the growth potential of those markets. Therefore, the aim of this article is to determine whether MFIs working in the USA’s market should change or adapt their microcredit policies with respect to women. In effect, there are no studies in the USA supporting the argument that women are a better risk of microcredit than men, or that there are differences in microcredit repayment behavior between women and men. Additionally, it was investigated if the payment behavior of women and men is related to variables such as their age, ethnicity, academic level, marital status, or the characteristics of the microcredits, like purposes, amounts, and payment terms. In the USA, there are not—as in other countries—strong incentives, motivations, or external pressures, other than those that men also have, which influence women to pay their microloans better than men. Then, domestic and international MFIs attracted to enter the USA’s market should review their microcredit policies in relation to women. More research is needed about the microfinance market in the USA.

ACS Style

Emilio M. Santandreu; Joaquín López Pascual; Salvador Cruz Rambaud. Determinants of Repayment among Male and Female Microcredit Clients in the USA. An Approach Based on Managers’ Perceptions. Sustainability 2020, 12, 1701 .

AMA Style

Emilio M. Santandreu, Joaquín López Pascual, Salvador Cruz Rambaud. Determinants of Repayment among Male and Female Microcredit Clients in the USA. An Approach Based on Managers’ Perceptions. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (5):1701.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Emilio M. Santandreu; Joaquín López Pascual; Salvador Cruz Rambaud. 2020. "Determinants of Repayment among Male and Female Microcredit Clients in the USA. An Approach Based on Managers’ Perceptions." Sustainability 12, no. 5: 1701.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2019 in Enterprise Development and Microfinance
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The aim of this research was to inquire if foreign microfinance institutions (MFIs), interested in entering the US microfinance market because of its location advantages, should glocalize their microcredit policies. Research found that women in the USA are a no better risk for microcredit than men, and there are no differences in the repayment of microloans between men and women. The payment behaviour of women and men related to certain specific variables was also investigated. A survey sent to 203 MFIs was used, to which 17.73 per cent responded. Findings show that, in the USA, there are no strong incentives, motivations or external pressures which influence women to pay microcredits better than men. Therefore, international MFIs entering the USA should glocalize their microcredit policies in relation to women as well as their product design and policies for granting microloans.

ACS Style

Emilio M. Santandreu; Joaquín López-Pascual. Microfinance institutions in the USA: the glocalization of microcredit policies in relation to gender. Enterprise Development and Microfinance 2019, 30, 73 -96.

AMA Style

Emilio M. Santandreu, Joaquín López-Pascual. Microfinance institutions in the USA: the glocalization of microcredit policies in relation to gender. Enterprise Development and Microfinance. 2019; 30 (2):73-96.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Emilio M. Santandreu; Joaquín López-Pascual. 2019. "Microfinance institutions in the USA: the glocalization of microcredit policies in relation to gender." Enterprise Development and Microfinance 30, no. 2: 73-96.

Journal article
Published: 01 March 2019 in Journal of Neuroscience, Psychology, and Economics
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ACS Style

Elena Ortiz-Teran; Tomas Ortiz; Agustin Turrero; Joaquin Lopez-Pascual. Neural implications of investment banking experience in decision-making under risk and ambiguity. Journal of Neuroscience, Psychology, and Economics 2019, 12, 34 -44.

AMA Style

Elena Ortiz-Teran, Tomas Ortiz, Agustin Turrero, Joaquin Lopez-Pascual. Neural implications of investment banking experience in decision-making under risk and ambiguity. Journal of Neuroscience, Psychology, and Economics. 2019; 12 (1):34-44.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Elena Ortiz-Teran; Tomas Ortiz; Agustin Turrero; Joaquin Lopez-Pascual. 2019. "Neural implications of investment banking experience in decision-making under risk and ambiguity." Journal of Neuroscience, Psychology, and Economics 12, no. 1: 34-44.

Journal article
Published: 06 October 2018 in Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications
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The preference for incremental gains, or the improving sequence effect, has been presented as one of the most important anomalies in intertemporal choice. Usually, the experiments to verify this effect have been based on sequences of incomes, and most of them have shown a preference for an increasing sequence. The objective of this paper is to analyse this topic in the context of loan repayment plans where a preference for constant and decreasing over rising payments is expected. The methodology applied in this paper is based on the use of questionnaires in the same way as Hoelzl et al. (2011) to evaluate different loan plans with the same interest rates and durations. It clearly shows that people prefer those plans which repay more at the beginning of the loan duration. Thus, the main contribution of this paper is the use of the q-exponential discounting to explain this revealed decreasing sequence effect because the q-exponential discount function can exhibit the inconsistency in intertemporal choices based on a decreasing interest rate. Finally, recommendations are made for banking institutions when considering their strategies of interest rate offers in the context of bank marketing.

ACS Style

Salvador Cruz Rambaud; Joaquín López Pascual; María De Los Ángeles Del Pino Álvarez. Preferences over sequences of payments: A new validation of theq-exponential discounting. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 2018, 515, 332 -345.

AMA Style

Salvador Cruz Rambaud, Joaquín López Pascual, María De Los Ángeles Del Pino Álvarez. Preferences over sequences of payments: A new validation of theq-exponential discounting. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications. 2018; 515 ():332-345.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Salvador Cruz Rambaud; Joaquín López Pascual; María De Los Ángeles Del Pino Álvarez. 2018. "Preferences over sequences of payments: A new validation of theq-exponential discounting." Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 515, no. : 332-345.

Book chapter
Published: 17 November 2016 in Big Data Management
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Earned Value Management (EVM) is one of the most effective methods for the project management. Actual Cost and earned value are the parameters used for monitoring projects. These parameters are compared with planned value to analyze the project status. EVM covers scope, cost and time, and unifies them in a common framework that allows evaluation of project health. This chapter aims to integrate the project management and the Big Data. It is proposed an EVM approach, developed from a real case study in aerospace industry, to manage simultaneously a large number of projects.

ACS Style

Juan Carlos Meléndez Rodríguez; Joaquín López Pascual; Pedro Cañamero Molina; Fausto Pedro García Márquez. Big Data and Earned Value Management in Airspace Industry. Big Data Management 2016, 257 -267.

AMA Style

Juan Carlos Meléndez Rodríguez, Joaquín López Pascual, Pedro Cañamero Molina, Fausto Pedro García Márquez. Big Data and Earned Value Management in Airspace Industry. Big Data Management. 2016; ():257-267.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Juan Carlos Meléndez Rodríguez; Joaquín López Pascual; Pedro Cañamero Molina; Fausto Pedro García Márquez. 2016. "Big Data and Earned Value Management in Airspace Industry." Big Data Management , no. : 257-267.

Book chapter
Published: 24 August 2016 in Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing
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Earned value management (EVM) is an effective project management approach. This method is used to manage project of different sectors and has been revised to improve its schedule estimates, the Earned Schedule Management and the Earned Duration Management and to include new components as quality, the quality earned value management. This paper explores the EVM methodology and proposes a model to manage projects aerospace engineers based in a real case study. The inputs in the model are the planning and the monitoring of the case study, planned value, earned value and actual cost of aerospace projects.

ACS Style

Juan Carlos Meléndez Rodriguez; Joaquín López Pascual; Pedro Cañmero Molina; Fausto Pedro García Márquez. An Overview of Earned Value Management in Airspace Industry. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing 2016, 1465 -1477.

AMA Style

Juan Carlos Meléndez Rodriguez, Joaquín López Pascual, Pedro Cañmero Molina, Fausto Pedro García Márquez. An Overview of Earned Value Management in Airspace Industry. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. 2016; ():1465-1477.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Juan Carlos Meléndez Rodriguez; Joaquín López Pascual; Pedro Cañmero Molina; Fausto Pedro García Márquez. 2016. "An Overview of Earned Value Management in Airspace Industry." Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing , no. : 1465-1477.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2015 in Computers & Operations Research
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During restructuring processes, due to mergers and acquisitions, banks frequently face the problem of having redundant branches competing in the same market. In this work, we introduce a new Capacitated Branch Restructuring Model which extends the available literature in delocation models. It considers both closing down and long term operations¿ costs, and addresses the problem of resizing open branches in order to maintain a constant service level. We consider, as well, the presence of competitors and allow for ceding market share whenever the restructuring costs are prohibitively expensive.We test our model in a real life scenario, obtaining a reduction of about 40% of the network size, and annual savings over 45% in operation costs from the second year on. We finally perform a sensitivity analysis on critical parameters. This analysis shows that the final design of the network depends on certain strategic decisions concerning the redundancy of the branches, as well as their proximity to the demand nodes and to the competitor¿s branches. At the same time, this design is quite robust to changes in the parameters associated with the adjustments on service capacity and with the market reaction.

ACS Style

Diego Ruiz-Hernández; David Delgado-Gomez; Joaquín López-Pascual. Restructuring bank networks after mergers and acquisitions: A capacitated delocation model for closing and resizing branches. Computers & Operations Research 2015, 62, 316 -324.

AMA Style

Diego Ruiz-Hernández, David Delgado-Gomez, Joaquín López-Pascual. Restructuring bank networks after mergers and acquisitions: A capacitated delocation model for closing and resizing branches. Computers & Operations Research. 2015; 62 ():316-324.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Diego Ruiz-Hernández; David Delgado-Gomez; Joaquín López-Pascual. 2015. "Restructuring bank networks after mergers and acquisitions: A capacitated delocation model for closing and resizing branches." Computers & Operations Research 62, no. : 316-324.

Original articles
Published: 01 January 2013 in Spanish Journal of Finance and Accounting / Revista Española de Financiación y Contabilidad
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High level of interest has been concentrated on the hedge fund industry as a paradigm of alternative investments, however the hedge fund industry is a heterogeneous group. One way to classify hedge funds is according to the investment strategy used, each offering a different degree of return and risk. Their historical return distributions provide key information in order to understand the strategies behaviour. We will study these return distributions and show that traditional mean variance based methods are not an appropriate approach for studying them due to their non normality, tendency to overestimate efficiency and for not taking in consideration the economic cycle. We will show that assimilating the strategies historical returns to options pay-offs we can get, through a low intensive trading, very similar long term returns and more efficient return distributions. These results will enable us to analyse whether, current hedge funds fee structures are justified by superior risk-reward performance.

ACS Style

Santiago Camarero Aguilera; Joaquín López-Pascual. Analysing hedge fund strategies through the use of an option based approach. Spanish Journal of Finance and Accounting / Revista Española de Financiación y Contabilidad 2013, 42, 167 -186.

AMA Style

Santiago Camarero Aguilera, Joaquín López-Pascual. Analysing hedge fund strategies through the use of an option based approach. Spanish Journal of Finance and Accounting / Revista Española de Financiación y Contabilidad. 2013; 42 (158):167-186.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Santiago Camarero Aguilera; Joaquín López-Pascual. 2013. "Analysing hedge fund strategies through the use of an option based approach." Spanish Journal of Finance and Accounting / Revista Española de Financiación y Contabilidad 42, no. 158: 167-186.

Journal article
Published: 19 October 2012 in Cross Cultural Management
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ACS Style

Yingying Zhang; Joaquín López-Pascual. Dynamic versus static culture in international business: a study of Spanish banking in China. Cross Cultural Management 2012, 19, 588 -611.

AMA Style

Yingying Zhang, Joaquín López-Pascual. Dynamic versus static culture in international business: a study of Spanish banking in China. Cross Cultural Management. 2012; 19 (4):588-611.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yingying Zhang; Joaquín López-Pascual. 2012. "Dynamic versus static culture in international business: a study of Spanish banking in China." Cross Cultural Management 19, no. 4: 588-611.

Original articles
Published: 13 March 2012 in The Service Industries Journal
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The article attempts to explore and contrast the different factors that influence the foreign direct investment (FDI) decisions of multinational banks. Employing eclectic theory, an estimation model with panel data from seven Latin American countries is set to test the proposed hypotheses. The results highlight an increase in foreign assets, removal of banking restriction, banking concentration, and capital cost differential in the local banking system as determinants of specific location advantages for attracting banking FDI. Other factors such as cultural proximity and crisis also have a significant impact on banking FDI. Discussions and implications are debated before conclusions are drawn for a future research agenda.

ACS Style

Alejandro Santana Mariscal; Yingying Zhang; Joaquín López-Pascual. Internationalization of multinational banks: a study of foreign direct investment in seven Latin American countries. The Service Industries Journal 2012, 32, 1149 -1170.

AMA Style

Alejandro Santana Mariscal, Yingying Zhang, Joaquín López-Pascual. Internationalization of multinational banks: a study of foreign direct investment in seven Latin American countries. The Service Industries Journal. 2012; 32 (7):1149-1170.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alejandro Santana Mariscal; Yingying Zhang; Joaquín López-Pascual. 2012. "Internationalization of multinational banks: a study of foreign direct investment in seven Latin American countries." The Service Industries Journal 32, no. 7: 1149-1170.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2007 in Journal of Derivatives & Hedge Funds
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The Journal of Derivatives and Hedge Funds has been built on its specific focus; the trading, legal and other derivative issues not covered by the other more mathematically oriented journals. Whilst maintaining this focus, the enormous growth in hedge funds has led to a number of new issues, prompting the development in the journal’s content and the change to its title. The hedge fund industry has many challenges to deal with, not least transparency, liquidity risk and risk management control. There are also other pressing issues which are now central to the day-to-day use of derivatives and hedge funds and key topics that institutional and high net worth investors need to address. The Journal of Derivatives and Hedge Funds maps these latest changes and challenges. Its expert analysis keeps subscribers informed and up-to-date in this fast-moving market.

ACS Style

Joaquín López-Pascual; Raul Daniel Cuellar; Raul Daniel Cuellar Joaqu. The challenges of launching, rating and regulating funds of hedge funds. Journal of Derivatives & Hedge Funds 2007, 13, 247 -262.

AMA Style

Joaquín López-Pascual, Raul Daniel Cuellar, Raul Daniel Cuellar Joaqu. The challenges of launching, rating and regulating funds of hedge funds. Journal of Derivatives & Hedge Funds. 2007; 13 (3):247-262.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Joaquín López-Pascual; Raul Daniel Cuellar; Raul Daniel Cuellar Joaqu. 2007. "The challenges of launching, rating and regulating funds of hedge funds." Journal of Derivatives & Hedge Funds 13, no. 3: 247-262.