Aims: Multiple sclerosis (MS) still maintains increasing prevalence and poor prognosis, while glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor (GLP‐1R) agonists show excellent neuroprotective capacities recently. Thus, we aim to evaluate whether the GLP‐1R agonist liraglutide (Lira) could ameliorate central nervous system demyelination and inflammation.Methods: The therapeutic effect of Lira was tested on experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE) in vivo and a microglia cell line BV2 in vitro.Results: Lira administration could ameliorate the disease score of EAE mice, delay the disease onset, ameliorate pathological demyelination and inflammation score in lumbar spinal cord, reduce pathogenic T helper cell transcription in spleen, restore phosphorylated adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (pAMPK) level, autophagy level, and inhibit pyroptosis‐related NLR family, pyrin domain‐containing protein 3 (NLRP3) pathway in lumbar spinal cord. Additionally, cell viability test, lactate dehydrogenase release test, and dead/live cell staining test for BV2 cells showed Lira could not salvage BV2 from nigericin‐induced pyroptosis significantly.Conclusion: Lira has anti‐inflammation and anti‐demyelination effect on EAE mice, and the protective effect of Lira in the EAE model may be related to regulation of pAMPK pathway, autophagy, and NLRP3 pathway. However, Lira treatment cannot significantly inhibit pyroptosis of BV2 cells in vitro. Our study provides Lira as a potential candidate for Multiple Sclerosis treatment.

Mechanism of oxidative stress p38MAPK-SGK1 signaling axis in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE)

Background and Purpose—: The iScore is a prediction tool developed to estimate the risk of death in patients after hospitalization for an acute ischemic stroke. Our aim was to determine the accuracy of the iScore in patients with ischemic stroke in China. Methods—: The iScore was used to predict 30-day mortality rate in 11 656 patients and 1-year mortality rate in 11 051 patients with acute ischemic stroke. These patients were identified from the China National Stroke Registry (CNSR) data set. Model discrimination was quantified by calculating the C statistic. The calibration was assessed using Pearson correlation coefficient. Results—: The 30-day and 1-year mortality rates were 5.4% and 14.3%, respectively. The C statistics were 0.825 (95% confidence interval, 0.807–0.843) for 30-day mortality and 0.822 (95% confidence interval, 0.810–0.833) for 1-year mortality. The plots of observed versus predicted mortality rates showed excellent model calibration in the external validation samples from the CNSR (Pearson correlation coefficient, 0.925 for 30-day and 0.998 for 1-year mortality; both P <0.0001). Conclusions—: The iScore reliably predicts 30-day and 1-year mortality in Chinese patients with ischemic stroke.