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Heat stress during cucumber production often leads to sunburn of leaves, growth retardation of stems and roots, fruit malformation, and even plant death, which have a great impact on the fruit quality and yield. However, no studies on the genetic inheritance and quantitative trait locus mapping of heat tolerance in cucumber at the adult stage have been reported yet. In this study, a set of 86 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from “99281” (heat-tolerant) and “931” (heat-sensitive) were used to identify the heat tolerance QTL in summer 2018, 2019, and 2020. Eight-week-old plants were exposed to a natural high temperature environment in the field, and the heat injury index was used to indicate the heat tolerance performance. Genetic analysis showed that the heat tolerance of adult cucumber is quantitatively inherited. One QTL named qHT1.1 on chromosome 1 was identified. It was delimited by Indel 3-3 and Indel 1-15 and explained 59.6%, 58.1%, and 40.1% of the phenotypic variation in 2018, 2019, and 2020, respectively. The efficiency of marker HT-1, which is closely linked to the locus, was tested using 62 cucumber germplasm accessions and was found to have an accuracy of 97.8% in heat sensitive plants. The qHT1.1 was delimited to a 694.5-kb region, containing 98 genes, nine of which may be involved in heat tolerance. Further sequence analysis showed that there are three single-base substitutions within the coding sequences of Csa1G004990. Gene expression analyses suggested that the expression of Csa1G004990 was significantly higher in “99281” than “931” at 14d, 35d, 42d, and 49d after transplanting. This study provides practically useful markers for heat tolerance breeding in cucumber and provides a basis for further identifying heat tolerant genes.
Yanyan Liu; Shaoyun Dong; Shuang Wei; Weiping Wang; Han Miao; Kailiang Bo; Xingfang Gu; Shengping Zhang. QTL Mapping of Heat Tolerance in Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) at Adult Stage. Plants 2021, 10, 324 .
AMA StyleYanyan Liu, Shaoyun Dong, Shuang Wei, Weiping Wang, Han Miao, Kailiang Bo, Xingfang Gu, Shengping Zhang. QTL Mapping of Heat Tolerance in Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) at Adult Stage. Plants. 2021; 10 (2):324.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYanyan Liu; Shaoyun Dong; Shuang Wei; Weiping Wang; Han Miao; Kailiang Bo; Xingfang Gu; Shengping Zhang. 2021. "QTL Mapping of Heat Tolerance in Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) at Adult Stage." Plants 10, no. 2: 324.
Cucumber is very sensitive to salt stress, and excessive salt content in soils seriously affects normal growth and development, posing a serious threat to commercial production. In this study, the recombinant inbred line (RIL) population (from a cross between the salt tolerant line CG104 and salt sensitive line CG37) was used to study the genetic mechanism of salt tolerance in cucumber seedlings. At the same time, the candidate genes within the mapping region were cloned and analyzed. The results showed that salt tolerance in cucumber seedlings is a quantitative trait controlled by multiple genes. In experiments carried out in April and July 2019, qST6.2 on chromosome six was repeatedly detected. It was delimited into a 1397.1 kb region, and nine genes related to salt tolerance were identified. Among these genes, Csa6G487740 and Csa6G489940 showed variations in amino acid sequence between lines CG104 and CG37. Subsequent qRT-PCR showed that the relative expression levels of both genes during salt treatment were significantly different between the two parents. These results provide a basis for the fine mapping of salt tolerant genes and further study of the molecular mechanism of salt tolerance in cucumber seedlings.
Dongrang Liu; Shaoyun Dong; Kailiang Bo; Han Miao; Caixia Li; Yanyan Zhang; Shengping Zhang; Xingfang Gu. Identification of QTLs Controlling Salt Tolerance in Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) Seedlings. Plants 2021, 10, 85 .
AMA StyleDongrang Liu, Shaoyun Dong, Kailiang Bo, Han Miao, Caixia Li, Yanyan Zhang, Shengping Zhang, Xingfang Gu. Identification of QTLs Controlling Salt Tolerance in Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) Seedlings. Plants. 2021; 10 (1):85.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDongrang Liu; Shaoyun Dong; Kailiang Bo; Han Miao; Caixia Li; Yanyan Zhang; Shengping Zhang; Xingfang Gu. 2021. "Identification of QTLs Controlling Salt Tolerance in Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) Seedlings." Plants 10, no. 1: 85.
The GRAS (gibberellic acid insensitive, repressor of GAI, and scarecrow) proteins are a family of plant-specific transcription factors that regulate plant growth, development, and stress response. Currently, the role of GRAS transcription factors in various abiotic stress responses has not been systematically studied in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), a popular vegetable crop. Here, we provide a comprehensive bioinformatics analysis of the 35 GRAS genes identified in the cucumber genome. In this study, cucumber genotypes, i.e., “CG104”, which is stress-tolerant, and genotype “CG37”, which is stress-sensitive, were examined to provide insight on potential differences in the GRAS-regulated abiotic stress pathways. Transcriptional analysis by RNA-seq or qRT-PCR of these two genotypes revealed common and divergent functions of CsGRAS genes regulated by low and high temperatures, salinity, and by exposure to the phytohormones gibberellin (GA) and abscisic acid (ABA). Notably, CsGRAS2 (DELLA) and CsGRAS26 (LISCL) were regulated by all abiotic stresses and hormone treatments, suggesting that they may function in the biological cross-talk between multiple signaling pathways. This study provides candidate genes for improving cucumber tolerance to various environmental stresses.
Caixia Li; Shaoyun Dong; Xiaoping Liu; Kailiang Bo; Han Miao; Diane M. Beckles; Shengping Zhang; Xingfang Gu. Genome-Wide Characterization of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) GRAS Genes and Their Response to Various Abiotic Stresses. Horticulturae 2020, 6, 110 .
AMA StyleCaixia Li, Shaoyun Dong, Xiaoping Liu, Kailiang Bo, Han Miao, Diane M. Beckles, Shengping Zhang, Xingfang Gu. Genome-Wide Characterization of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) GRAS Genes and Their Response to Various Abiotic Stresses. Horticulturae. 2020; 6 (4):110.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCaixia Li; Shaoyun Dong; Xiaoping Liu; Kailiang Bo; Han Miao; Diane M. Beckles; Shengping Zhang; Xingfang Gu. 2020. "Genome-Wide Characterization of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) GRAS Genes and Their Response to Various Abiotic Stresses." Horticulturae 6, no. 4: 110.
High temperature is one of the major abiotic stresses that affect cucumber growth and development. Heat stress often leads to metabolic malfunction, dehydration, wilting and death, which has a great impact on the yield and fruit quality. In this study, genetic analysis and quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping for thermotolerance in cucumber seedlings was investigated using a recombinant inbred line (RILs; HR) population and a doubled haploid (DH; HP) population derived from two parental lines ‘65G’ (heat-sensitive) and ‘02245′ (heat-tolerant). Inheritance analysis suggested that both short-term extreme and long-term mild thermotolerance in cucumber seedlings were determined by multiple genes. Six QTLs for heat tolerance including qHT3.1, qHT3.2, qHT3.3, qHT4.1, qHT4.2, and qHT6.1 were detected. Among them, the major QTL, qHT3.2, was repeatedly detected for three times in HR and HP at different environments, explained 28.3% of the phenotypic variability. The 481.2 kb region harbored 79 genes, nine of which might involve in heat stress response. This study provides a basis for further identifying thermotolerant genes and helps understanding the molecular mechanism underlying thermotolerance in cucumber seedlings.
Shaoyun Dong; Song Zhang; Shuang Wei; Yanyan Liu; Caixia Li; Kailiang Bo; Han Miao; Xingfang Gu; Shengping Zhang. Identification of Quantitative Trait Loci Controlling High-Temperature Tolerance in Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) Seedlings. Plants 2020, 9, 1155 .
AMA StyleShaoyun Dong, Song Zhang, Shuang Wei, Yanyan Liu, Caixia Li, Kailiang Bo, Han Miao, Xingfang Gu, Shengping Zhang. Identification of Quantitative Trait Loci Controlling High-Temperature Tolerance in Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) Seedlings. Plants. 2020; 9 (9):1155.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShaoyun Dong; Song Zhang; Shuang Wei; Yanyan Liu; Caixia Li; Kailiang Bo; Han Miao; Xingfang Gu; Shengping Zhang. 2020. "Identification of Quantitative Trait Loci Controlling High-Temperature Tolerance in Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) Seedlings." Plants 9, no. 9: 1155.
Starch provides plants with carbon and energy during stressful periods; however, relatively few regulators of starch metabolism under stress-induced carbon starvation have been discovered. We studied a protein kinase Ser/Thr/Tyr (STY) 46, identified by gene co-expression network analysis as a potential regulator of the starch starvation response in Arabidopsis thaliana. We showed that STY46 was induced by (1) abscisic acid and prolonged darkness, (2) by abiotic stressors, including salinity and osmotic stress, and (3) by conditions associated with carbon starvation. Characterization of STY46 T-DNA knockout mutants indicated that there was functional redundancy among the STY gene family, as these genotypes did not show strong phenotypes. However, Arabidopsis with high levels of STY46 transcripts (OE-25) grew faster at the early seedling stage, had higher photosynthetic rates, and more carbon was stored as protein in the seeds under control conditions. Further, OE-25 source leaf accumulated more sugars under 100 mM NaCl stress, and salinity also accelerated root growth, which is consistent with an adaptive response. Salt-stressed OE-25 partitioned 14C towards sugars and amino acids, and away from starch and protein in source leaves. Together, these findings suggested that STY46 may be part of the salinity stress response pathway that utilizes starch during early plant growth.
Shaoyun Dong; Fenglan Zhang; Diane M. Beckles. A Cytosolic Protein Kinase STY46 in Arabidopsis thaliana Is Involved in Plant Growth and Abiotic Stress Response. Plants 2020, 9, 57 .
AMA StyleShaoyun Dong, Fenglan Zhang, Diane M. Beckles. A Cytosolic Protein Kinase STY46 in Arabidopsis thaliana Is Involved in Plant Growth and Abiotic Stress Response. Plants. 2020; 9 (1):57.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShaoyun Dong; Fenglan Zhang; Diane M. Beckles. 2020. "A Cytosolic Protein Kinase STY46 in Arabidopsis thaliana Is Involved in Plant Growth and Abiotic Stress Response." Plants 9, no. 1: 57.
Green flesh color, resulting from the accumulation of chlorophyll, is one of the most important commercial traits for the fruits. The genetic network regulating green flesh formation has been studied in tomato, melon and watermelon. However, little is known about the inheritance and molecular basis of green flesh in cucumber. This study sought to determine the main genomic regions associated with green flesh. Three F2 and two BC1 populations derived from the 9110Gt (cultivated cucumber, green flesh color) and PI183967 (wild cucumber, white flesh color) were used for the green flesh genetic analysis. Two F2 populations of them were further employed to do the map construction and quantitative trait loci (QTL) study. Also, a core cucumber germplasms population was used to do the GWAS analysis. We identified three indexes, flesh color (FC), flesh extract color (FEC) and flesh chlorophyll content (FCC) in three environments. Genetic analysis indicated that green flesh color in 9110Gt is controlled by a major-effect QTL. We developed two genetic maps with 192 and 174 microsatellite markers respectively. Two novel inversions in Chr1 were identified between cultivated and wild cucumbers. The major-effect QTL, qgf5.1, was identified using FC, FEC and FCC index in all different environments used. In addition, the same qgf5.1, together with qgf3.1, was identified via GWAS. Further investigation of two candidate regions using pairwise LD correlations, combined with genetic diversity of qgf5.1 in natural populations, it was found that Csa5G021320 is the candidate gene of qgf5.1. Geographical distribution revealed that green flesh color formation could be due to the high latitude, which has longer day time to produce the photosynthesis and chlorophyll synthesis during cucumber domestication and evolution. We first reported the cucumber green flesh color is a quantitative trait. We detected two novel loci qgf5.1 and qgf3.1, which regulate the green flesh formation in cucumber. The QTL mapping and GWAS approaches identified several candidate genes for further validation using functional genomics or forward genetics approaches. Findings from the present study provide a new insight into the genetic control of green flesh in cucumber.
Kailiang Bo; Shuang Wei; Weiping Wang; Han Miao; Shaoyun Dong; Shengping Zhang; Xingfang Gu. QTL mapping and genome-wide association study reveal two novel loci associated with green flesh color in cucumber. BMC Plant Biology 2019, 19, 1 -13.
AMA StyleKailiang Bo, Shuang Wei, Weiping Wang, Han Miao, Shaoyun Dong, Shengping Zhang, Xingfang Gu. QTL mapping and genome-wide association study reveal two novel loci associated with green flesh color in cucumber. BMC Plant Biology. 2019; 19 (1):1-13.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKailiang Bo; Shuang Wei; Weiping Wang; Han Miao; Shaoyun Dong; Shengping Zhang; Xingfang Gu. 2019. "QTL mapping and genome-wide association study reveal two novel loci associated with green flesh color in cucumber." BMC Plant Biology 19, no. 1: 1-13.