Background: Stunting is a condition of toddlers who experience growth failure due to chronic nutrient deficiencies that must be addressed immediately, if children lack nutrients continuously, it can affect their nutritional status and will cause children to be shorter than their age. The purpose of this study was to determine the differences in macronutrient intake in stunted and non-stunted toddlers in Jember, Indonesia. Design and methods: Type of analytical observational research with case control design, sampling technique using simple random sampling. The number of subjects needed in each group is 66 stunting toddlers and 66 non-stunting toddlers with total subjects used are 132 toddlers. Results: There are differences in macronutrient intake: energy, protein, fat, and carbohydrates between stunted and non-stunted toddlers with a higher average value of food intake per day for non-stunted toddlers than for stunted toddlers. Conclusions: There are differences in macronutrient intake between stunted and non-stunted toddlers in Jember, Indonesia with a p-value = 0.000 < 0.05.

Introduction: Lob birth weight (LBW) is a condition of fetal growth failure characterized by birth weight of fewer than 2,500 grams. LBW is influenced by several factors, including socio-economic, perinatal nutrition, infectious diseases, maternal hemoglobin levels, and pregnant women's compliance with taking iron tablets. This study aimed to examine the association between each risk factor toward the incidence of LBW. Methods: This study with a case-control design used a retrospective approach. From a population of 450 mothers with 0-10 months old babies, 35 LBW incidences were found, and 35 normal-weight babies were selected randomly. Questionnaires were used to identify pregnant women's socio-economic status and compliance with consuming Fe supplements. At the same time, the data for Hb levels and identification of LBW incidences were taken from the MCH (maternal child health) handbook. Statistical analysis used SPSS 16 with Somers'd correlation test. Results: The results showed that the correlation between education (p<0.001), socio-economic (income) (p=0.002), Hb level (p<0.001), and the compliance of pregnant women taking Fe supplements (p<0.001) were correlated with the incidence of LBW. It is necessary to optimize the consumption of iron tablets through assistance during pregnancy. Conclusion: Based on the results of the study that has been conducted, it can be concluded that there is a correlation between socio-economic (education and income), Hb levels, and compliance of pregnant women taking Fe supplements with the incidence of LBW.

Malnutrition, particularly stunting, remains a significant public health concern in Indonesia. In Jember Regency, the prevalence of stunting in 2024 reached 11.4%, which is notably higher than the East Java provincial average of 5.1%. Despite various intervention efforts, the reduction in stunting cases has not been significant, largely due to the lack of evidence-based approaches. This study aimed to analyze the spatial distribution of stunting cases using a geospatial approach. Data were obtained from the electronic Community-Based Nutrition Recording and Reporting System (e-PPGBM) of the Jember District Health Office for the years 2024–2025. The unit of analysis was 31 sub-districts in Jember Regency. Spatial analysis was conducted using Quantum GIS (QGIS) version 3.40.2. In 2024, 58% sub-districts were categorized as very high prevalence, 19.4% sub-districts as high, 19.4% sub-districts as moderate, and 3.2% sub-districts as low. In 2025, the distribution shifted, with 32.3% sub-districts categorized as very high, 25.8% sub-districts as high, 25.8% sub-districts as moderate, and 16.1% sub-districts as low. Trend analysis revealed that 12.9% sub-districts experienced an increase in stunting cases, 41.9% sub-districts remained unchanged, and 45.2% sub-districts showed a decline. Regarding the spatial relationship between regional distance and stunting incidence, urban and coastal areas tend to have fewer cases than highlands areas. Research findings indicate that this is due to limited access to animal protein sources, particularly seafood. Most residents rely on their own livestock products, such as eggs, chicken, and others. Prioritizing interventions in areas with high and very high prevalence rates while strengthening programs to sustain regions with low stunting cases, supported by enhanced geospatial analysis in nutritional surveillance to enable more effective stunting reduction strategies.