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Dr. Elżbieta Gorczyca
Institute of Geography and Spatial Management, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland

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Original article
Published: 16 June 2021 in Journal of Mountain Science
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Strong wind events frequently result in creating large areas of windthrow, which causes abrupt environmental changes. Bare soil surfaces within pits and root plates potentially expose soil to erosion. Absence of forest may alter the dynamics of water circulation. In this study we attempt to answer the question of whether extensive windthrows influence the magnitude of geomorphic processes in 6 small second- to third-order catchments with area ranging from 0.09 km2 to 0.8 km2. Three of the catchments were significantly affected by a windthrow which occurred in December 2013 in the Polish part of the Tatra Mountains, and the other three catchments were mostly forested and served as control catchments. We mapped the pits created by the windthrow and the linear scars created by salvage logging operations in search of any signs of erosion within them. We also mapped all post-windthrow landslides created in the windthrow-affected catchments. The impact of the windthrow on the fluvial system was investigated by measuring a set of channel characteristics and determining bedload transport intensity using painted tracers in all the windthrow-affected and control catchments. Both pits and linear scars created by harvesting tend to become overgrown by vegetation in the first several years after the windthrow. The only signs of erosion were observed in 10% of the pits located on convergent slopes. During the period from the windthrow event in 2013 until 2019, 5 very small (total area <100 m2) shallow landslides were created. The mean distance of bedload transport was similar (t-test, p=0.05) in most of the windthrow-affected and control catchments. The mapping of channels revealed many cases of root plates fallen into a channel and pits created near a channel. A significant amount of woody debris delivered into the channels influenced the activity of fluvial processes by creating alternating zones of erosion and accumulation.

ACS Style

Dariusz Strzyżowski; Elżbieta Gorczyca; Kazimierz Krzemień; Mirosław Żelazny. The intensity of slope and fluvial processes after a catastrophic windthrow event in small catchments in the Tatra Mountains. Journal of Mountain Science 2021, 18, 1405 -1423.

AMA Style

Dariusz Strzyżowski, Elżbieta Gorczyca, Kazimierz Krzemień, Mirosław Żelazny. The intensity of slope and fluvial processes after a catastrophic windthrow event in small catchments in the Tatra Mountains. Journal of Mountain Science. 2021; 18 (6):1405-1423.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dariusz Strzyżowski; Elżbieta Gorczyca; Kazimierz Krzemień; Mirosław Żelazny. 2021. "The intensity of slope and fluvial processes after a catastrophic windthrow event in small catchments in the Tatra Mountains." Journal of Mountain Science 18, no. 6: 1405-1423.

Preprint content
Published: 03 March 2021
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The study is focused on a multi-staged development of slopes affected by landslides in Beskid Wyspowy Mountains, Polish Flysch Carpathians. The role of extreme 1997 hydro-meteorological event as well as successive events in years 1998-2017 in landslide triggering was particularly taken into account.   

The flysch Carpathians are characterized by large percentage of an area affected by landslides. Landslides occupy 30-70% of slopes in this area. Meanwhile, this region has high population density (approx. 130 people per km2), which combined with low inclination of slopes encourages people for settlement and agricultural land-use on slopes, including landslide slopes.  

Development of slopes in flysch Carpathians is currently progressing mainly during extreme hydro-meteorological events. One of the most significant events took place in 1997 and it was unique one in terms of both the rainfall total and its intensity. After this event approximately 20,000 landslides were created or reactivated in the Polish Carpathians.  

Six slope sections ranging from the foot to the top of the ridge were selected for the research. All these sections were transformed by landslides during the 1997 event. They are all located in the Beskid Wyspowy Mts., which is one of the regions most affected by landslides in Polish Flysch Carpathians in 1997.  

The degree of activation of landslide slopes in 1997 and thereafter was defined based on field research and the analysis of DTM and orthophotomaps. A number of parameters of the relief of activated landslides were analyzed in detail, including: their slope, network of drainage. Later these parameters were compared to the relief parameters in inactivated parts of landslides. 

In one of the studied slope sections no landslides older than 1997 were detected. In other studied slope sections older landslides were present, covering up to 65% of the section’s area. The rejuvenation of landslides covered from 8 to 26% of the area of landslides existing before 1997. Main landslide activity was the formation of numerous secondary scarps, fissures and a fresh accumulation zones of colluvia. Most of landslides that occurred in 1997 occurred within the older landslide forms. As a result, the total area of the slopes affected by landslides increased by only 1.0-1.7% of the studied slopes’ area.  

The further development of the landslide slopes in the period 1997-2017 was investigated. Precipitation events occurring during that period, especially in 1998, 2001, 2010 2014, were analyzed in terms of their efficiency in transformation of the studied landslides. The changes in land use in activated parts of landslides were also analyzed. It was found that there was a significant increase in forest cover of 13-52% in activated parts of the landslides in 2017 compared to 1997. An increase in the diversity of the relief of landslide slopes and a greater mosaic of land use, especially a decrease in agricultural land for the benefit of the forest were found.

ACS Style

Joanna Caputa; Zuzanna Babicka; Elżbieta Gorczyca. Multi-staged development of landslide slope after extreme hydro-meteorological event in 1997 (Beskid Wyspowy Mts, Polish Flysch Carpathians) . 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Joanna Caputa, Zuzanna Babicka, Elżbieta Gorczyca. Multi-staged development of landslide slope after extreme hydro-meteorological event in 1997 (Beskid Wyspowy Mts, Polish Flysch Carpathians) . . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Joanna Caputa; Zuzanna Babicka; Elżbieta Gorczyca. 2021. "Multi-staged development of landslide slope after extreme hydro-meteorological event in 1997 (Beskid Wyspowy Mts, Polish Flysch Carpathians) ." , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 16 January 2020 in Water
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This study provides a conceptual model of the functioning of gravel-bed rivers during the post-regulation period in Poland and forecasts their subsequent evolution. The main difference between fluvial processes during the pre-regulation and post-regulation period is that they are limited to a zone that is currently several times narrower and trapped in a deep-cut channel. During the river post-regulation period, the construction of additional river training works was significantly limited in river channels. Moreover, all forms of economic activity were significantly reduced in the channel free migration zone, particularly bed gravel extraction operations. As a result of these changes, a limited recovery of the functioning and hydromorphology of the river channel occurred via a return to conditions in effect prior to river regulation. In recovering sections of river, the channel gradually broadens, and its sinuosity and number of threads increase. The overall process can be called spontaneous renaturalization, which yields a characteristic post-regulation river channel. The conceptual model was developed on the basis of the evolution of the gravel-bed river, the Raba River, during the post-regulation period in the Polish Carpathian Mountains.

ACS Style

Elżbieta Gorczyca; Kazimierz Krzemień; Krzysztof Jarzyna. The Evolution of Gravel-Bed Rivers during the Post-Regulation Period in the Polish Carpathians. Water 2020, 12, 254 .

AMA Style

Elżbieta Gorczyca, Kazimierz Krzemień, Krzysztof Jarzyna. The Evolution of Gravel-Bed Rivers during the Post-Regulation Period in the Polish Carpathians. Water. 2020; 12 (1):254.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Elżbieta Gorczyca; Kazimierz Krzemień; Krzysztof Jarzyna. 2020. "The Evolution of Gravel-Bed Rivers during the Post-Regulation Period in the Polish Carpathians." Water 12, no. 1: 254.

Journal article
Published: 29 July 2018 in CATENA
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There are numerous examples of the impact of strong earthquakes on landslide activity. There is however very little information about the ability of low-magnitude earthquakes (M < 5.0) to affect the stability of pre-existing landslide slopes. Two landslides were studied (Hołowiec and Kamień, Western Carpathians, Poland). These are located 20–30 km from seismoactive zones where earthquakes of M ≤ 4.4 occur. We have used tree rings to date past landslide movements possibly caused by earthquakes. We have dated events of tree tilting by landslide activity, after which the trees developed eccentric rings and reaction wood, in a sample of 40 Norway spruces (Hołowiec) and 51 European silver firs (Kamień). The results of dendrochronological dating were compared with the occurrence of earthquakes in the study area (magnitudes, epicentral distance, etc.). We have also analysed precipitation data to help to disentangle the impact of rainfall and earthquakes as triggering factors. We were able to distinguish: earthquake-triggered landsliding with no impact of precipitation, precipitation-triggered landsliding with no seismic impact and landsliding triggered by the overlapping impact of precipitation and earthquakes. The results show that the combination of both triggering factors has the strongest influence on the stability of landslides under study. The study demonstrates the ability of low-magnitude (M < 5.0) earthquakes to trigger landslide activity, even at distances larger than appears from limiting curves published for co-seismic landslides. The results also suggest that the activity of the Kamień landslide can possibly be influenced by the long-distance (over 500 km) influence of strong earthquakes (M 6.8–7.4) from outside of the study area. The study demonstrates that the seismic factor, both local, low-magnitude earthquakes and distant, strong earthquakes, can be an important trigger of landslide activity. Their role may be underestimated in the study area and other areas considered as seismically non-active or of low seismic activity.

ACS Style

Małgorzata Wistuba; Ireneusz Malik; Kazimierz Krzemień; Elżbieta Gorczyca; Mateusz Sobucki; Dominika Wrońska-Wałach; Daniel Gawior. Can low-magnitude earthquakes act as a triggering factor for landslide activity? Examples from the Western Carpathian Mts, Poland. CATENA 2018, 171, 359 -375.

AMA Style

Małgorzata Wistuba, Ireneusz Malik, Kazimierz Krzemień, Elżbieta Gorczyca, Mateusz Sobucki, Dominika Wrońska-Wałach, Daniel Gawior. Can low-magnitude earthquakes act as a triggering factor for landslide activity? Examples from the Western Carpathian Mts, Poland. CATENA. 2018; 171 ():359-375.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Małgorzata Wistuba; Ireneusz Malik; Kazimierz Krzemień; Elżbieta Gorczyca; Mateusz Sobucki; Dominika Wrońska-Wałach; Daniel Gawior. 2018. "Can low-magnitude earthquakes act as a triggering factor for landslide activity? Examples from the Western Carpathian Mts, Poland." CATENA 171, no. : 359-375.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2018 in Science of The Total Environment
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The European beaver (Castor fiber) was reintroduced in the Polish Carpathians in the 1980s after a few centuries of absence. It gradually colonized suitable habitats in the Raba River valley and elsewhere. The question arises as to whether beaver activity can play a role in the local improvement of hydromorphological conditions and spontaneous renaturalization of the Raba River channel. Field surveys were performed in morphodynamically and structurally homogeneous reaches of the river. Traces of beaver activity were identified and used to estimate the studied beaver population. Local beaver impact on the studied river channel was also determined. The Raba channel is trained along about 80% of its length and considerably incised. Traces of beavers activity were found in 16 out of 31 river reaches, mainly in the upper and lower river course. The study showed that relatively flat channel gradient, small maximum bed-material grain size, and high channel sinuosity favour beaver presence. The largest number of beaver habitats was identified in river reaches strongly altered by man and characterized by a uniform channel structure. Beaver impact on channel structure varies depending on differences of the river channel features in upper and lower reaches of the Raba River channel. In upper reaches, the impact of beaver activity (mostly dams) is reflected in increased lateral erosion, while slower water current reduces the tendency for bed degradation. In lower reaches, beaver impact is mostly limited to bank fragmentation (slides and burrows). Lateral erosion, accumulation of material at the toe of riverbanks, and wood debris accumulation all produce a local impact on river channel width. These beaver-initiated processes mostly alter artificially homogenized river reaches. Beavers may actually play a substantial role in future renaturalization of both upper and lower reaches of the Raba River.

ACS Style

Elżbieta Gorczyca; Kazimierz Krzemień; Mateusz Sobucki; Krzysztof Jarzyna. Can beaver impact promote river renaturalization? The example of the Raba River, southern Poland. Science of The Total Environment 2018, 615, 1048 -1060.

AMA Style

Elżbieta Gorczyca, Kazimierz Krzemień, Mateusz Sobucki, Krzysztof Jarzyna. Can beaver impact promote river renaturalization? The example of the Raba River, southern Poland. Science of The Total Environment. 2018; 615 ():1048-1060.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Elżbieta Gorczyca; Kazimierz Krzemień; Mateusz Sobucki; Krzysztof Jarzyna. 2018. "Can beaver impact promote river renaturalization? The example of the Raba River, southern Poland." Science of The Total Environment 615, no. : 1048-1060.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2018 in Carpathian Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences
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ACS Style

Paweł Kroh; Paweł Struś; Dominika Wrońska-Wałach; Elżbieta Gorczyca. MAP OF LANDSLIDES ON THE COMMUNE SCALE BASED ON SPATIAL DATA FROM AIRBORNE LASER SCANNING. Carpathian Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences 2018, 14, 155 -164.

AMA Style

Paweł Kroh, Paweł Struś, Dominika Wrońska-Wałach, Elżbieta Gorczyca. MAP OF LANDSLIDES ON THE COMMUNE SCALE BASED ON SPATIAL DATA FROM AIRBORNE LASER SCANNING. Carpathian Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences. 2018; 14 (1):155-164.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Paweł Kroh; Paweł Struś; Dominika Wrońska-Wałach; Elżbieta Gorczyca. 2018. "MAP OF LANDSLIDES ON THE COMMUNE SCALE BASED ON SPATIAL DATA FROM AIRBORNE LASER SCANNING." Carpathian Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences 14, no. 1: 155-164.

Books book
Published: 07 September 2017 in Open Channel Hydraulics, River Hydraulic Structures and Fluvial Geomorphology
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When geomorphologists began using the system approach, they started looking more closely at the links between the river channel and the environment of its basin. Mountain river channels may follow a number of patterns, and they can be divided into straight, sinuous, meandering, braided, and wandering types, depending on the volume and rate of sediment supply as well as channel stability. The direct human impact on river channels involved the development of transversal or longitudinal training structures. The high complexity and high levels of energy in mountain fluvial systems cause difficulties in understating river response to human intervention. Fluvial systems are characterized by a certain segmental structure, which allows people to assume the degree of their complexity associated with their natural and anthropogenic conditions. The knowledge of whole fluvial systems and their segmental structure is essential to get to know the stages of their development, to protect them, and to carry out any properly planned possible regulations of channels.

ACS Style

Elżbieta Gorczyc; Kazimierz Krzemień; Maciej Liro; Mateusz Sobucki. Changes of Mountain river Channels and their environmental effects. Open Channel Hydraulics, River Hydraulic Structures and Fluvial Geomorphology 2017, 303 -321.

AMA Style

Elżbieta Gorczyc, Kazimierz Krzemień, Maciej Liro, Mateusz Sobucki. Changes of Mountain river Channels and their environmental effects. Open Channel Hydraulics, River Hydraulic Structures and Fluvial Geomorphology. 2017; ():303-321.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Elżbieta Gorczyc; Kazimierz Krzemień; Maciej Liro; Mateusz Sobucki. 2017. "Changes of Mountain river Channels and their environmental effects." Open Channel Hydraulics, River Hydraulic Structures and Fluvial Geomorphology , no. : 303-321.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2016 in Dendrochronologia
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Missing and wedging rings are common features of tree growth. They occur more frequently in roots than in stems and were reported for various species and sites. These rather frequent irregularities in roots make dendrochronological analysis and cross-dating of roots more challenging. The goal of this study was to present a compiled method for a quantitative analysis of ring-growth irregularities. The analysis was conducted on ten spruce (Picea abies L. Karst) roots taken from the Gorce Mountains (Southern Poland). A four-step cross-dating of these root samples was applied. Three to six cross-sections were analysed within each root and cross-dated with a corresponding stem and site chronology. All ring-growth analyses were conducted on micro sections. Finally, the dating method was evaluated using three control indicators. The study revealed that wedging rings occurring in both, cross-sectional and longitudinal profiles were observed in 17.3% of the rings analysed. The application of a combined zig-zag segment tracing and serial sectioning allowed to significantly reduce, compared to previous methods, the amount of undetected missing rings and revealed them as cross-sectional or longitudinal wedging rings. Thanks to the application of control indicators the irregularities occurring in rings of roots were quantified and compared with different environmental factors such as droughts, air pollution, insect outbreaks and geomorphological processes. Significant positive correlation between root age and the number of radial growth irregularities in roots was demonstrated. A detailed investigation of multiple cross-sections per root enabled to trace all types of ring irregularities in the roots and substantially reduced cross-dating subjectivity.

ACS Style

Dominika Wrońska-Wałach; Mateusz Sobucki; Agata Buchwał; Elżbieta Gorczyca; Joanna Korpak; Piotr Wałdykowski; Holger Gärtner. Quantitative analysis of ring growth in spruce roots and its application towards a more precise dating. Dendrochronologia 2016, 38, 61 -71.

AMA Style

Dominika Wrońska-Wałach, Mateusz Sobucki, Agata Buchwał, Elżbieta Gorczyca, Joanna Korpak, Piotr Wałdykowski, Holger Gärtner. Quantitative analysis of ring growth in spruce roots and its application towards a more precise dating. Dendrochronologia. 2016; 38 ():61-71.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dominika Wrońska-Wałach; Mateusz Sobucki; Agata Buchwał; Elżbieta Gorczyca; Joanna Korpak; Piotr Wałdykowski; Holger Gärtner. 2016. "Quantitative analysis of ring growth in spruce roots and its application towards a more precise dating." Dendrochronologia 38, no. : 61-71.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2016 in Science of The Total Environment
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Beaver (Castor sp.) can change the riverine environment through dam-building and other activities. The European beaver (Castor fiber) was extirpated in Poland by the nineteenth century, but populations are again present as a result of reintroductions that began in 1974. The goal of this paper is to assess the impact of beaver activity on montane fluvial system development by identifying and analysing changes in channel and valley morphology following expansion of beaver into a 7.5 km-long headwater reach of the upper Wisłoka River in southeast Poland. We document the distribution of beaver in the reach, the change in river profile, sedimentation type and storage in beaver ponds, and assess how beaver dams and ponds have altered channel and valley bottom morphology. The upper Wisłoka River fluvial system underwent a series of anthropogenic disturbances during the last few centuries. The rapid spread of C. fiber in the upper Wisłoka River valley was promoted by the valley's morphology, including a low-gradient channel and silty-sand deposits in the valley bottom. At the time of our survey (2011), beaver ponds occupied 17% of the length of the study reach channel. Two types of beaver dams were noted: in-channel dams and valley-wide dams. The primary effect of dams, investigated in an intensively studied 300-m long subreach (Radocyna Pond), was a change in the longitudinal profile from smooth to stepped, a local reduction of the water surface slope, and an increase in the variability of both the thalweg profile and surface water depths. We estimate the current rate of sedimentation in beaver ponds to be about 14 cm per year. A three-stage scheme of fluvial processes in the longitudinal and transverse profile of the river channel is proposed. C. fiber reintroduction may be considered as another important stage of the upper Wisłoka fluvial system development.

ACS Style

Dorota Giriat; Elżbieta Gorczyca; Mateusz Sobucki. Beaver ponds' impact on fluvial processes (Beskid Niski Mts., SE Poland). Science of The Total Environment 2016, 544, 339 -353.

AMA Style

Dorota Giriat, Elżbieta Gorczyca, Mateusz Sobucki. Beaver ponds' impact on fluvial processes (Beskid Niski Mts., SE Poland). Science of The Total Environment. 2016; 544 ():339-353.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dorota Giriat; Elżbieta Gorczyca; Mateusz Sobucki. 2016. "Beaver ponds' impact on fluvial processes (Beskid Niski Mts., SE Poland)." Science of The Total Environment 544, no. : 339-353.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2015 in Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Land Reclamation
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In the northern slope of the Carpathian Mountains and in their foreland, river and stream channels have been significantly transformed by human impact. These transformations result from changing land use in river basins and direct interference with river channels (alluvia extraction, engineering infrastructure, channel straightening). Anthropogenic impacts cause significant changes in the channel system patterns leading to increased impact of erosion. This mainly leads to the channelling of the fluvial system. This article reviews studies of structure and dynamics of Carpathian river channels conducted based on the methodology of collection of data on channel systems, developed in the Department of Geomorphology of the Institute of Geography and Spatial Management, Jagiellonian University.

ACS Style

Kazimierz Krzemień; Elżbieta Gorczyca; Mateusz Sobucki; Maciej Liro; Michał Łyp. Effects of environmental changes and human impact on the functioning of mountain river channels, Carpathians, southern Poland. Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Land Reclamation 2015, 47, 249 -260.

AMA Style

Kazimierz Krzemień, Elżbieta Gorczyca, Mateusz Sobucki, Maciej Liro, Michał Łyp. Effects of environmental changes and human impact on the functioning of mountain river channels, Carpathians, southern Poland. Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Land Reclamation. 2015; 47 (3):249-260.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kazimierz Krzemień; Elżbieta Gorczyca; Mateusz Sobucki; Maciej Liro; Michał Łyp. 2015. "Effects of environmental changes and human impact on the functioning of mountain river channels, Carpathians, southern Poland." Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Land Reclamation 47, no. 3: 249-260.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2014 in CATENA
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ACS Style

Elżbieta Gorczyca; Kazimierz Krzemień; Dominika Wrońska-Wałach; Mariusz Boniecki. Significance of extreme hydro-geomorphological events in the transformation of mountain valleys (Northern Slopes of the Western Tatra Range, Carpathian Mountains, Poland). CATENA 2014, 121, 127 -141.

AMA Style

Elżbieta Gorczyca, Kazimierz Krzemień, Dominika Wrońska-Wałach, Mariusz Boniecki. Significance of extreme hydro-geomorphological events in the transformation of mountain valleys (Northern Slopes of the Western Tatra Range, Carpathian Mountains, Poland). CATENA. 2014; 121 ():127-141.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Elżbieta Gorczyca; Kazimierz Krzemień; Dominika Wrońska-Wałach; Mariusz Boniecki. 2014. "Significance of extreme hydro-geomorphological events in the transformation of mountain valleys (Northern Slopes of the Western Tatra Range, Carpathian Mountains, Poland)." CATENA 121, no. : 127-141.

Book chapter
Published: 30 April 2013 in Geomorphological impacts of extreme weather
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This chapter describes a role of extreme rainfall events in the development and transformation of channels in the Polish Carpathians. An analysis was based on the example of four selected events, which occurred in different parts of Polish Carpathians (Western Tatra, Bieszczady, and Beskid Niski Mountains) during the period 2003–2010. The findings underline that changes of the largest extent follow short and heavy rainfalls. Furthermore, their geomorphic impacts are the most significant in small watersheds. The research showed that the largest transformations of mountain rivers occur in the main channel, while the floodplain is only locally altered. The regularities identified in the study areas are relevant for mountain river channels in forested terrains, where a large supply of woody debris, for example, stems and branches, is ensured.

ACS Style

Elżbieta Gorczyca; Kazimierz Krzemień; Dominika Wrońska-Wałach; Mateusz Sobucki. Channel Changes due to Extreme Rainfalls in the Polish Carpathians. Geomorphological impacts of extreme weather 2013, 23 -35.

AMA Style

Elżbieta Gorczyca, Kazimierz Krzemień, Dominika Wrońska-Wałach, Mateusz Sobucki. Channel Changes due to Extreme Rainfalls in the Polish Carpathians. Geomorphological impacts of extreme weather. 2013; ():23-35.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Elżbieta Gorczyca; Kazimierz Krzemień; Dominika Wrońska-Wałach; Mateusz Sobucki. 2013. "Channel Changes due to Extreme Rainfalls in the Polish Carpathians." Geomorphological impacts of extreme weather , no. : 23-35.

Book chapter
Published: 30 April 2013 in Geomorphological impacts of extreme weather
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Lithology and tectonics (jointing, faulting) combined with relative relief and steep slopes induce slope failures in the Polish Flysch Carpathians. Therefore, landslides are frequent within inhabited areas of the Polish Carpathians and a major problem for local communes. This chapter presents a case study from a rural commune, which is located on the borderline between the Beskid Wyspowy Mountains and the Carpathian Foothills. The local geology makes that area extremely susceptible to landslides. A recent episode of landslide reactivation occurred in May and June of 2010 there, as a result of the clustering of continuous and heavy rainfalls, which appear to be the most important factor capable of triggering diverse types of mass movement. The analysis was based on the fieldwork conducted in 2010–2011 in the Łososina Dolna Commune and the research methods established by Polish National Geological Institute for the SOPO Landslide Protection Program. A total of 572 landslides were identified and documented in the study area, which occupies 17.2% of Łososina Dolna Commune. This contribution demonstrates that mass movements are significant processes which limit human activities.

ACS Style

Elżbieta Gorczyca; Dominika Wrońska-Wałach; Michał Długosz. Landslide Hazards in the Polish Flysch Carpathians: Example of Łososina Dolna Commune. Geomorphological impacts of extreme weather 2013, 237 -250.

AMA Style

Elżbieta Gorczyca, Dominika Wrońska-Wałach, Michał Długosz. Landslide Hazards in the Polish Flysch Carpathians: Example of Łososina Dolna Commune. Geomorphological impacts of extreme weather. 2013; ():237-250.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Elżbieta Gorczyca; Dominika Wrońska-Wałach; Michał Długosz. 2013. "Landslide Hazards in the Polish Flysch Carpathians: Example of Łososina Dolna Commune." Geomorphological impacts of extreme weather , no. : 237-250.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2011 in Geographia Polonica
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ACS Style

Elżbieta Gorczyca; Kazimierz Krzemień; Michał Łyp. Contemporary trends in the Białka River channel development in the Western Carpathians. Geographia Polonica 2011, 84, 39 -53.

AMA Style

Elżbieta Gorczyca, Kazimierz Krzemień, Michał Łyp. Contemporary trends in the Białka River channel development in the Western Carpathians. Geographia Polonica. 2011; 84 (Special Pa):39-53.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Elżbieta Gorczyca; Kazimierz Krzemień; Michał Łyp. 2011. "Contemporary trends in the Białka River channel development in the Western Carpathians." Geographia Polonica 84, no. Special Pa: 39-53.