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The role of infrastructure in encouraging transportation cycling in smaller cities with a low prevalence of cycling remains unclear. To investigate the relationship between the presence of infrastructure and transportation cycling in a small city (Lethbridge, AB, Canada), we interviewed 246 adults along a recently-constructed bicycle boulevard and two comparison streets with no recent changes in cycling infrastructure. One comparison street had a separate multi-use path and the other had no cycling infrastructure. Questions addressed time spent cycling in the past week and 2 years prior and potential socio-demographic and psychosocial correlates of cycling, including safety concerns. Finally, we asked participants what could be done to make cycling safer and more attractive. We examined predictors of cycling using gender-stratified generalized linear models. Women interviewed along the street with a separate path reported cycling more than women on the other streets. A more favorable attitude towards cycling and greater habit strength were associated with more cycling in both men and women. Qualitative data revealed generally positive views about the bicycle boulevard, a need for education about sharing the road and for better cycling infrastructure in general. Our results suggest that, even in smaller cities, cycling infrastructure may encourage cycling, especially among women.
Richard Larouche; Nimesh Patel; Jennifer Copeland. Relationship between Cycling Infrastructure and Transportation Cycling in a Small Urban Area. Future Transportation 2021, 1, 99 -112.
AMA StyleRichard Larouche, Nimesh Patel, Jennifer Copeland. Relationship between Cycling Infrastructure and Transportation Cycling in a Small Urban Area. Future Transportation. 2021; 1 (1):99-112.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRichard Larouche; Nimesh Patel; Jennifer Copeland. 2021. "Relationship between Cycling Infrastructure and Transportation Cycling in a Small Urban Area." Future Transportation 1, no. 1: 99-112.
Research demonstrates that exercise acutely reduces appetite by stimulating the secretion of gut-derived satiety hormones. Currently there is a paucity of research examining the impact of postexercise nutrient intake on appetite regulation. The objective of this study was to examine how postexercise fasting versus feeding impacts the postexercise appetite response. In a randomized crossover intervention, 14 participants (body mass index: 26.9 ± 3.5 kg·m−2; age: 26.8 ± 6.7 years) received 1 of 2 recovery beverages: (i) water control (FAST) or (ii) sweetened-milk (FED) after completing a 45-min (65%–70% peak oxygen uptake) evening exercise session (∼1900 h). Energy intake was assessed through a fasted ad libitum breakfast meal and 3-day food diaries. Perceived appetite was assessed using visual analogue scales. Appetite-regulating hormones glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), peptide tyrosine-tyrosine (PYY), and acyl-ghrelin were assessed pre-exercise, 1 h after exercise, and the morning following exercise. FAST increased subjective hunger compared with FED (P < 0.05). PYY and GLP-1 after exercise were decreased and acyl-ghrelin was increased in FAST, with these differences disappearing the day after exercise (P < 0.05). Ad libitum energy intake at breakfast the following morning did not differ between trials. Overall, in the absence of postexercise macronutrient consumption, there was a pronounced increase in objective and subjective appetite after exercise. The orexigenic effects of postexercise fasting, however, were not observed the morning following exercise. Novelty Postexercise fasting leads to reduced GLP-1 and PYY and increased hunger. Reduced GLP-1 and PYY after exercise is blunted by postexercise nutrient intake. Energy intake the day after exercise is not influenced by postexercise fasting.
Courteney C. Hamilton; Steve B. Wiseman; Jennifer L. Copeland; Marc R. Bomhof. Influence of postexercise fasting on hunger and satiety in adults. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 2020, 45, 1022 -1030.
AMA StyleCourteney C. Hamilton, Steve B. Wiseman, Jennifer L. Copeland, Marc R. Bomhof. Influence of postexercise fasting on hunger and satiety in adults. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism. 2020; 45 (9):1022-1030.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCourteney C. Hamilton; Steve B. Wiseman; Jennifer L. Copeland; Marc R. Bomhof. 2020. "Influence of postexercise fasting on hunger and satiety in adults." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 45, no. 9: 1022-1030.
Background Racial discrimination has been associated with biological dysfunction among ethnic minorities. The extent to which regular physical activity (PA) may buffer this association is unknown. Purpose To examine the association between past-year racial discrimination and allostatic load (AL) stratified by PA within a sample of Indigenous adults. Methods Data were collected from Indigenous adults attending university in a city in western Canada between 2015 and 2017. The Experiences of Discrimination Scale was used to assess discrimination and the Godin–Shephard Leisure-Time Physical Activity Questionnaire assessed PA. A composite of seven biomarkers assessing neuroendocrine, cardiovascular, metabolic, and immune system function measured AL. Linear regression models examined associations adjusted for confounders (N = 150). Results In the insufficiently active group, every 1 point increase in racial discrimination (up to a maximum of 9) resulted in approximately one third of a point increase in AL score. In the sufficiently active group, the association between racial discrimination and AL score was not statistically significant. Conclusions A growing body of research suggests racial discrimination is associated with multisystem biological dysregulation and health risks. Increased action to address racism in society is a priority. As that work unfolds, there is a need to identify effective tools that racialized groups can use to buffer the effects of racism on their health. The present findings suggest that engagement in regular PA may attenuate the pernicious effects of discrimination on biological dysfunction.
Jennifer L Copeland; Cheryl L Currie; Kathrina Chief Moon-Riley. Physical Activity Buffers the Adverse Impacts of Racial Discrimination on Allostatic Load Among Indigenous Adults. Annals of Behavioral Medicine 2020, 55, 520 -529.
AMA StyleJennifer L Copeland, Cheryl L Currie, Kathrina Chief Moon-Riley. Physical Activity Buffers the Adverse Impacts of Racial Discrimination on Allostatic Load Among Indigenous Adults. Annals of Behavioral Medicine. 2020; 55 (6):520-529.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJennifer L Copeland; Cheryl L Currie; Kathrina Chief Moon-Riley. 2020. "Physical Activity Buffers the Adverse Impacts of Racial Discrimination on Allostatic Load Among Indigenous Adults." Annals of Behavioral Medicine 55, no. 6: 520-529.
Background Prolonged daily sedentary time is associated with increased risk of cardiometabolic diseases, impaired physical function, and mortality. Older adults are more sedentary than any other age group and those in assisted living residences accumulate more sedentary time as they often have little need to engage in light-intensity or standing activities such as cleaning or meal preparation. This “low movement” environment can hasten functional decline. Thus, the purpose of this study was to develop a multi-level intervention to reduce and interrupt sedentary time within assisted living residences and conduct a pilot study to determine if the intervention is feasible and if further testing is warranted. Methods “Stand When You Can” (SWYC) was developed using a Social Ecological framework based on a review of literature and consultation with residents and staff at assisted living residences. After development, a six-week pilot study was conducted in two different residences with 10 older adults (82.2 ± 8.7 years). Before and after the 6 weeks, ActivPAL™ inclinometers were used to measure daily movement behaviours and self-report questionnaires assessed time spent in different sedentary behaviours and quality of life. Physical function was assessed using the Short Physical Performance Battery. Paired sample t-tests examined pre-post differences for pooled data and individual sites. At the end of the pilot study, feedback on the intervention was gathered from both residents and staff to examine feasibility. Results There was a trend towards a decrease in self-reported sitting time (142 min/day; p = 0.09), although device-measured sedentary time did not change significantly. Participants with lower physical function at baseline showed clinically meaningful improvements in physical function after the 6 weeks (p = 0.04, Cohen’s d = 0.89). There was no change in quality of life. Residents and staff reported that the intervention strategies were acceptable and practical. Conclusion This study suggests that a multi-level intervention for reducing prolonged sedentary time is feasible for implementation at assisted living residences. The intervention could potentially help delay functional decline among older adults when they transition to a supportive living environment. Longer and larger trials to test the efficacy of SWYC are necessary. Trial registration Name of Clinical Trial Registry: clinicaltrials.gov Trial Registration number: NCT04458896. Date of registration: July 8, 2020. (Retrospectively registered).
M. L. Voss; J. P. Pope; R. Larouche; J. L. Copeland. Stand When You Can: development and pilot testing of an intervention to reduce sedentary time in assisted living. BMC Geriatrics 2020, 20, 1 -12.
AMA StyleM. L. Voss, J. P. Pope, R. Larouche, J. L. Copeland. Stand When You Can: development and pilot testing of an intervention to reduce sedentary time in assisted living. BMC Geriatrics. 2020; 20 (1):1-12.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. L. Voss; J. P. Pope; R. Larouche; J. L. Copeland. 2020. "Stand When You Can: development and pilot testing of an intervention to reduce sedentary time in assisted living." BMC Geriatrics 20, no. 1: 1-12.
It is indisputable that exercise is beneficial to health and quality of life as we age, and one of the proposed mechanisms by which exercise promotes successful aging is through its impact on endocrine function. Exercise alters circulating hormone concentrations as well as the expression of locally produced hormones and hormone receptors, and the balance of evidence suggests these responses still occur in elderly individuals if a sufficient dose of activity is achieved. In light of the current rate of population aging, there is considerable incentive to understand the relationships between exercise, endocrine function, and successful aging.
Jennifer L. Copeland. Exercise in Older Adults: The Effect of Age on Exercise Endocrinology. Contemporary Endocrinology 2020, 421 -440.
AMA StyleJennifer L. Copeland. Exercise in Older Adults: The Effect of Age on Exercise Endocrinology. Contemporary Endocrinology. 2020; ():421-440.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJennifer L. Copeland. 2020. "Exercise in Older Adults: The Effect of Age on Exercise Endocrinology." Contemporary Endocrinology , no. : 421-440.
Older adults accumulate more sedentary time (ST) than any other age group, especially those in assisted living residences (ALRs). Reducing prolonged ST could help maintain function among older adults. However, to develop effective intervention strategies, it is important to understand the factors that influence sedentary behavior. The purpose of this study was to explore perceptions of ST as well as barriers and motivators to reducing ST among older adults in assisted living, in the context of the Social Ecological Model (SEM). Using a qualitative description approach, we sought to learn about participants’ perceptions of sedentary time in their daily lives. Semi-structured focus groups were held at six ALRs with 31 participants (84% women, 83.5 ± 6.5 years). Data were transcribed and coded using an inductive thematic approach. Themes were categorized based on four levels of the SEM: individual, social, physical environment, and organization. Many reported barriers were at the individual level (e.g., lack of motivation, pain, fatigue) while others were associated with the organization or social environment (e.g., safety concerns, lack of activities outside of business hours, and social norms). These findings suggest that there are unique challenges and opportunities to consider when designing ST interventions for assisted living.
M. Lauren Voss; J. Paige Pope; Jennifer L. Copeland. Reducing Sedentary Time among Older Adults in Assisted Living: Perceptions, Barriers, and Motivators. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 717 .
AMA StyleM. Lauren Voss, J. Paige Pope, Jennifer L. Copeland. Reducing Sedentary Time among Older Adults in Assisted Living: Perceptions, Barriers, and Motivators. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (3):717.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. Lauren Voss; J. Paige Pope; Jennifer L. Copeland. 2020. "Reducing Sedentary Time among Older Adults in Assisted Living: Perceptions, Barriers, and Motivators." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 3: 717.
To examine the association between retrospective self-reported racial discrimination experienced in childhood on allostatic load (AL) in adulthood, and whether this association differed by cultural continuity among Indigenous adults. Data were collected from Indigenous adults attending university in a small city in western Canada between 2015 and 2017 (N = 105). The frequency of child racial discrimination was measured using an item modified from the Experience of Discrimination Scale. AL was measured as a composite of 7 biomarkers assessing neuroendocrine, cardiovascular, metabolic, and immune system function. Cultural continuity was measured using the Vancouver Index Enculturation Scale. Bootstrapped linear regression models examined associations adjusted for confounders, with and without stratification by a dichotomized measure of Indigenous cultural continuity. Most Indigenous adults (72.3%) experienced racial discrimination some or most of the time in childhood. The frequency of child discrimination was significantly associated with AL, explaining 11% of the variance in adult AL score after adjustment for age and income. In the high cultural continuity group, there was no association between child discrimination and adult AL. In the low cultural continuity group, child discrimination was significantly associated with AL, explaining 21% of the variance in adult AL score. Childhood racial discrimination may have a biological toll on adult health through altered activation of the stress response system which could, over time, exacerbate health inequities in this population. High Indigenous cultural continuity served as a resilience factor that buffered the adverse impacts of childhood discrimination on adult AL score.
Cheryl L. Currie; Jennifer Copeland; Gerlinde A. Metz. Childhood racial discrimination and adult allostatic load: The role of Indigenous cultural continuity in allostatic resiliency. Social Science & Medicine 2019, 241, 112564 .
AMA StyleCheryl L. Currie, Jennifer Copeland, Gerlinde A. Metz. Childhood racial discrimination and adult allostatic load: The role of Indigenous cultural continuity in allostatic resiliency. Social Science & Medicine. 2019; 241 ():112564.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCheryl L. Currie; Jennifer Copeland; Gerlinde A. Metz. 2019. "Childhood racial discrimination and adult allostatic load: The role of Indigenous cultural continuity in allostatic resiliency." Social Science & Medicine 241, no. : 112564.
Shilpa Dogra; Joshua Good; Paul A Gardiner; Jennifer Copeland; Michael K Strickland; David Rudoler; Matthew Buman. Effects of replacing sitting time with physical activity on lung function: An analysis of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging. Public Health Reports (1896-1970) 2019, 30, 12 -23.
AMA StyleShilpa Dogra, Joshua Good, Paul A Gardiner, Jennifer Copeland, Michael K Strickland, David Rudoler, Matthew Buman. Effects of replacing sitting time with physical activity on lung function: An analysis of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging. Public Health Reports (1896-1970). 2019; 30 (3):12-23.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShilpa Dogra; Joshua Good; Paul A Gardiner; Jennifer Copeland; Michael K Strickland; David Rudoler; Matthew Buman. 2019. "Effects of replacing sitting time with physical activity on lung function: An analysis of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging." Public Health Reports (1896-1970) 30, no. 3: 12-23.
A growing body of literature suggests that excessive sedentary time may have deleterious health consequences, particularly among inactive individuals. Given that older adults are the least physically active and most sedentary of any demographic group, research on active, healthy aging must consider both the cause and the consequences of prolonged time spent sitting. Current evidence suggests that reducing sedentary time may be beneficial to older adults and allow them to better maintain their functional capacity and autonomy, but more research is needed to enable the development of evidence-based behavioral goals that will improve health outcomes. There is also a need to consider sedentary behavior from an organizational and societal perspective that moves beyond workplace and school settings to be inclusive of older adults, the fastest growing population in the world.
Jennifer L. Copeland. Sedentary Time in Older Adults: Sitting Is Not the New Smoking. Kinesiology Review 2019, 8, 70 -76.
AMA StyleJennifer L. Copeland. Sedentary Time in Older Adults: Sitting Is Not the New Smoking. Kinesiology Review. 2019; 8 (1):70-76.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJennifer L. Copeland. 2019. "Sedentary Time in Older Adults: Sitting Is Not the New Smoking." Kinesiology Review 8, no. 1: 70-76.
We investigated the biological impacts of Indigenous residential school attendance on the adult children of survivors, operationalized through allostatic load (AL); and the extent to which intergenerational trauma, operationalized through adverse childhood experience (ACE) score, mediated this association. Data were collected in-person from a university-based sample of Indigenous adults (N = 90, mean age: 28 years) in a mid-sized city in western Canada between 2015 and 2016. Associations were analyzed in multinominal regression models, with terciled AL and ACE scores as outcomes. The cross-products of coefficients method was used to test mediation. Overall, 42.7% and 33.7% reported their mother and father had attended residential school; respectively. In an adjusted model, maternal, but not paternal, residential school attendance was a risk factor associated with a moderate increase in AL among her adult children. The strength of this association did not change when the analysis was limited to mothers who raised their children. Maternal and paternal residential school attendance were each associated with increased ACE score among adults raised by survivors. However, ACE score did not explain the association between maternal residential school attendance and offspring AL score in mediational analyses. The present findings suggest colonial residential school experiences may have become biologically embedded, passed to subsequent generations, and exhibited through the dysregulation of allostatic systems among the adult children of maternal residential school survivors. Maternal exposure to residential school influenced biological dysregulation among her adult children in ways that could not be further exacerbated by her children's exposure to ACEs. The Canadian Truth and Reconciliation Commission asked governments to acknowledge the impact of residential schools on the current state of Indigenous health. Our findings underline the importance of this call by demonstrating how the residential school experience may get under the skin to impact the health of the next generation.
Kat Chief Moon-Riley; Jennifer Copeland; Gerlinde A.S. Metz; Cheryl L. Currie. The biological impacts of Indigenous residential school attendance on the next generation. SSM - Population Health 2018, 7, 100343 .
AMA StyleKat Chief Moon-Riley, Jennifer Copeland, Gerlinde A.S. Metz, Cheryl L. Currie. The biological impacts of Indigenous residential school attendance on the next generation. SSM - Population Health. 2018; 7 ():100343.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKat Chief Moon-Riley; Jennifer Copeland; Gerlinde A.S. Metz; Cheryl L. Currie. 2018. "The biological impacts of Indigenous residential school attendance on the next generation." SSM - Population Health 7, no. : 100343.
Regular participation in strength exercise is important to promote healthy aging. However, much of the available evidence on physical activity and older adults has focused on aerobic activity, while there is less research on the benefits of exercise that is performed specifically to strengthen muscles. Using cross-sectional data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging, the purpose of this study was to determine if strength training is associated with better functional fitness and health among older adults who meet the minimum guidelines for aerobic physical activity. Older adults who met guidelines for aerobic physical activity (≥ 60 years, N = 9100) completed performance-based assessments of physical function and self-reported their physical activity, perceived health, and chronic conditions. Body fat was determined using DEXA. Logistic regression analyses were used to determine whether strength training was associated with better functional fitness, body composition, and health. 32.5% of active older adults reported engaging in strength training 1–7 days per week. Participating in any strength training was associated with better scores on measures of balance (OR 1.17, CI 1.04, 1.32), mobility (OR 1.32, CI 1.18, 1.47), body fatness (OR 1.58, CI 1.38, 1.81), and better perceived health (OR 1.34, CI 1.19, 1.51), and healthy aging (OR 1.26, CI 1.12, 1.42). These results suggest that all older adults, even those who are active and have good mobility, may benefit from strength training. Physical activity guidelines should place a greater emphasis on strength training for older adults.
Jennifer L. Copeland; Joshua Good; Shilpa Dogra. Strength training is associated with better functional fitness and perceived healthy aging among physically active older adults: a cross-sectional analysis of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging. Aging Clinical and Experimental Research 2018, 31, 1257 -1263.
AMA StyleJennifer L. Copeland, Joshua Good, Shilpa Dogra. Strength training is associated with better functional fitness and perceived healthy aging among physically active older adults: a cross-sectional analysis of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging. Aging Clinical and Experimental Research. 2018; 31 (9):1257-1263.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJennifer L. Copeland; Joshua Good; Shilpa Dogra. 2018. "Strength training is associated with better functional fitness and perceived healthy aging among physically active older adults: a cross-sectional analysis of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging." Aging Clinical and Experimental Research 31, no. 9: 1257-1263.
Physical literacy is the foundation of a physically active lifestyle. Sedentary behaviour displays deleterious associations with important health indicators in children. However, the association between sedentary behaviour and physical literacy is unknown. The purpose of this study was to identify the aspects of physical literacy that are associated with key modes of sedentary behaviour among Canadian children participating in the RBC-CAPL Learn to Play study. A total of 8,307 children aged 8.0-12.9 years were included in the present analysis. Physical literacy was assessed using the Canadian Assessment of Physical Literacy, which measures four domains (Physical Competence, Daily Behaviour, Motivation and Confidence, Knowledge and Understanding). Screen-based sedentary behaviours (TV viewing, computer and video game use), non-screen sedentary behaviours (reading, doing homework, sitting and talking to friends, drawing, etc.) and total sedentary behaviour were assessed via self-report questionnaire. Linear regression models were used to determine significant (p<0.05) correlates of each mode of sedentary behaviour. In comparison to girls, boys reported more screen time (2.7±2.0 vs 2.2±1.8 hours/day, Cohen’s d=0.29), and total sedentary behaviour (4.3±2.6 vs 3.9±2.4 hours/day, Cohen’s d=0.19), but lower non-screen-based sedentary behaviour (1.6±1.3 vs 1.7±1.3 hours/day, Cohen’s d=0.08) (all p< 0.05). Physical Competence (standardized β’s: -0.100 to -0.036, all p<0.05) and Motivation and Confidence (standardized β’s: -0.274 to -0.083, all p<0.05) were negatively associated with all modes of sedentary behaviour in fully adjusted models. Knowledge and Understanding was negatively associated with screen-based modes of sedentary behaviour (standardized β’s: -0.039 to -0.032, all p<0.05), and positively associated with non-screen sedentary behaviour (standardized β: 0.098, p<0.05). Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run score and log-transformed plank score were negatively associated with all screen-based modes of sedentary behaviour, while the Canadian Agility and Movement Skill Assessment score was negatively associated with all modes of sedentary behaviour other than TV viewing (all p<0.05). These results highlight differences in the ways that screen and non-screen sedentary behaviours relate to physical literacy. Public health interventions should continue to target screen-based sedentary behaviours, given their potentially harmful associations with important aspects of physical literacy.
Travis J. Saunders; Dany J. Macdonald; Jennifer L. Copeland; Patricia E. Longmuir; Joel D. Barnes; Kevin Belanger; Brenda Bruner; Melanie J. Gregg; Nathan Hall; Angela M. Kolen; Barbi Law; Luc J. Martin; Dwayne Sheehan; Michelle R. Stone; Sarah J. Woodruff; Mark S. Tremblay. The relationship between sedentary behaviour and physical literacy in Canadian children: a cross-sectional analysis from the RBC-CAPL Learn to Play study. BMC Public Health 2018, 18, 1 -21.
AMA StyleTravis J. Saunders, Dany J. Macdonald, Jennifer L. Copeland, Patricia E. Longmuir, Joel D. Barnes, Kevin Belanger, Brenda Bruner, Melanie J. Gregg, Nathan Hall, Angela M. Kolen, Barbi Law, Luc J. Martin, Dwayne Sheehan, Michelle R. Stone, Sarah J. Woodruff, Mark S. Tremblay. The relationship between sedentary behaviour and physical literacy in Canadian children: a cross-sectional analysis from the RBC-CAPL Learn to Play study. BMC Public Health. 2018; 18 (2):1-21.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTravis J. Saunders; Dany J. Macdonald; Jennifer L. Copeland; Patricia E. Longmuir; Joel D. Barnes; Kevin Belanger; Brenda Bruner; Melanie J. Gregg; Nathan Hall; Angela M. Kolen; Barbi Law; Luc J. Martin; Dwayne Sheehan; Michelle R. Stone; Sarah J. Woodruff; Mark S. Tremblay. 2018. "The relationship between sedentary behaviour and physical literacy in Canadian children: a cross-sectional analysis from the RBC-CAPL Learn to Play study." BMC Public Health 18, no. 2: 1-21.
The current physical literacy level of Canadian children is unknown. The Royal Bank of Canada (RBC) Learn to Play – Canadian Assessment of Physical Literacy (CAPL) project, which is anchored in the Canadian consensus statement definition of physical literacy, aimed to help establish the current physical literacy level of Canadian children. The CAPL was used to assess the physical literacy (and component domains: Daily Behaviour, Physical Competence, Knowledge and Understanding, and Motivation and Confidence) of Canadian children aged 8–12 years. Data were collected from 11 sites across Canada, yielding a sample of 10,034 participants (5030 girls). Descriptive statistics by age and gender were calculated and percentile distributions of physical literacy scores, including each domain and individual measure, were derived. The mean age of participants was 10.1 ± 1.2 years. Total physical literacy scores (out of 100) were on average 63.1 ± 13.0 for boys and 62.2 ± 11.3 for girls. For boys and girls respectively, domain scores were 19.9 ± 4.7 and 19.3 ± 4.1 (out of 32) for Physical Competence; 18.6 ± 7.9 and 18.5 ± 7.4 (out of 32) for Daily Behaviour; 12.7 ± 2.8 and 12.2 ± 2.6 (out of 18) for Motivation and Confidence; and 11.8 ± 2.8 and 12.2 ± 2.6 (out of 18) for Knowledge and Understanding. Physical Competence measures were on average 28.1 ± 8.4 cm (sit-and-reach flexibility), 33.5 ± 9.4 kg (grip strength, right + left), 23.4 ± 14.1 laps (Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run [PACER] shuttle run), 61.8 ± 43.8 s (isometric plank), 19.0 ± 3.8 kg/m2 (body mass index), 67.3 ± 10.8 cm (waist circumference), and 20.6 ± 3.9 out of 28 points for the Canadian Agility and Movement Skill Assessment (CAMSA), with scores for boys higher than girls and older children higher than younger children for grip strength, PACER, plank, and CAMSA score. Girls and younger children had better scores on the sit-and-reach flexibility than boys and older children. Daily pedometer step counts were higher in boys than girls (12,355 ± 4252 vs. 10,779 ± 3624), and decreased with age. These results provide the largest and most comprehensive assessment of physical literacy of Canadian children to date, providing a “state of the nation” baseline, and can be used to monitor changes and inform intervention strategies going forward.
Mark S. Tremblay; Patricia E. Longmuir; Joel D. Barnes; Kevin Belanger; Kristal D. Anderson; Brenda Bruner; Jennifer L. Copeland; Christine Delisle Nyström; Melanie J. Gregg; Nathan Hall; Angela M. Kolen; Kirstin N. Lane; Barbi Law; Dany J. Macdonald; Luc J. Martin; Travis J. Saunders; Dwayne Sheehan; Michelle R. Stone; Sarah J. Woodruff. Physical literacy levels of Canadian children aged 8–12 years: descriptive and normative results from the RBC Learn to Play–CAPL project. BMC Public Health 2018, 18, 1 -14.
AMA StyleMark S. Tremblay, Patricia E. Longmuir, Joel D. Barnes, Kevin Belanger, Kristal D. Anderson, Brenda Bruner, Jennifer L. Copeland, Christine Delisle Nyström, Melanie J. Gregg, Nathan Hall, Angela M. Kolen, Kirstin N. Lane, Barbi Law, Dany J. Macdonald, Luc J. Martin, Travis J. Saunders, Dwayne Sheehan, Michelle R. Stone, Sarah J. Woodruff. Physical literacy levels of Canadian children aged 8–12 years: descriptive and normative results from the RBC Learn to Play–CAPL project. BMC Public Health. 2018; 18 (2):1-14.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMark S. Tremblay; Patricia E. Longmuir; Joel D. Barnes; Kevin Belanger; Kristal D. Anderson; Brenda Bruner; Jennifer L. Copeland; Christine Delisle Nyström; Melanie J. Gregg; Nathan Hall; Angela M. Kolen; Kirstin N. Lane; Barbi Law; Dany J. Macdonald; Luc J. Martin; Travis J. Saunders; Dwayne Sheehan; Michelle R. Stone; Sarah J. Woodruff. 2018. "Physical literacy levels of Canadian children aged 8–12 years: descriptive and normative results from the RBC Learn to Play–CAPL project." BMC Public Health 18, no. 2: 1-14.
Physical literacy is an emerging construct in children’s health promotion, and may impact their lifelong physical activity habits. However, recent data reveal that only a small portion of Canadian children are regularly physically active and/or meet sedentary behaviour guidelines. To our knowledge, no study has investigated the association between physical literacy and movement behaviour guidelines. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between physical literacy scores in Canadian children who meet or do not meet physical activity and sedentary behaviour guidelines. Children (n = 2956; 56.6% girls) aged 8–12 years from 10 Canadian cities had their physical literacy levels measured using the Canadian Assessment of Physical Literacy, which consists of four domains (Physical Competence; Daily Behaviour; Knowledge and Understanding; and Motivation and Confidence) that are aggregated to provide a composite physical literacy score. Physical activity levels were measured by pedometers, and sedentary behaviour was assessed through self-report questionnaire. Analyses were conducted separately for each guideline, comparing participants meeting versus those not meeting the guidelines. Comparisons were performed using MANOVA and logistic regression to control for age, gender, and seasonality. Participants meeting physical activity guidelines or sedentary behaviour guidelines had higher physical literacy domain scores for Physical Competence and for Motivation and Confidence compared to those not meeting either guideline (both p < 0.0001). Participants had increased odds of meeting physical activity guidelines and sedentary behaviour guidelines if they met the minimum recommended level of the Physical Competence and Motivation and Confidence domains. Significant age (OR 0.9; 95% CI: 0.8, 0.9), gender (OR 0.4; 95% CI: 0.3, 0.5) and seasonality effects (OR 1.6; 95% CI: 1.2, 2.2 spring and OR 1.7; 95% CI: 1.2, 2.5 summer, reference winter) were seen for physical activity guidelines, and age (OR 0.8; 95% CI: 0.7, 0.8) and gender effects (OR 1.7; 95% CI: 1.4, 2.0) for sedentary behaviour guidelines. Knowledge and Understanding of physical activity principles was not related to guideline adherence in either model. These cross-sectional findings demonstrate important associations between physical literacy and guideline adherence for physical activity and sedentary behaviour. Future research should explore the causality of these associations.
Kevin Belanger; Joel D. Barnes; Patricia E. Longmuir; Kristal D. Anderson; Brenda Bruner; Jennifer L. Copeland; Melanie J. Gregg; Nathan Hall; Angela M. Kolen; Kirstin N. Lane; Barbi Law; Dany J. Macdonald; Luc J. Martin; Travis J. Saunders; Dwayne Sheehan; Michelle Stone; Sarah J. Woodruff; Mark S. Tremblay. The relationship between physical literacy scores and adherence to Canadian physical activity and sedentary behaviour guidelines. BMC Public Health 2018, 18, 1 -9.
AMA StyleKevin Belanger, Joel D. Barnes, Patricia E. Longmuir, Kristal D. Anderson, Brenda Bruner, Jennifer L. Copeland, Melanie J. Gregg, Nathan Hall, Angela M. Kolen, Kirstin N. Lane, Barbi Law, Dany J. Macdonald, Luc J. Martin, Travis J. Saunders, Dwayne Sheehan, Michelle Stone, Sarah J. Woodruff, Mark S. Tremblay. The relationship between physical literacy scores and adherence to Canadian physical activity and sedentary behaviour guidelines. BMC Public Health. 2018; 18 (2):1-9.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKevin Belanger; Joel D. Barnes; Patricia E. Longmuir; Kristal D. Anderson; Brenda Bruner; Jennifer L. Copeland; Melanie J. Gregg; Nathan Hall; Angela M. Kolen; Kirstin N. Lane; Barbi Law; Dany J. Macdonald; Luc J. Martin; Travis J. Saunders; Dwayne Sheehan; Michelle Stone; Sarah J. Woodruff; Mark S. Tremblay. 2018. "The relationship between physical literacy scores and adherence to Canadian physical activity and sedentary behaviour guidelines." BMC Public Health 18, no. 2: 1-9.
Physical literacy is a complex construct influenced by a range of physical, behavioural, affective, and cognitive factors. Researchers are interested in relationships among these constituent factors. The purpose of this study was to investigate how age, gender, and physical competence components of physical literacy relate to a child’s adequacy in and predilection for physical activity. A sample of 8530 Canadian youth (50% girl) aged 8.0 to 12.9 years participated in the study. Participants completed the Canadian Assessment of Physical Literacy (CAPL) protocol, which assesses physical literacy in four domains: Physical Competence, Daily Behaviour, Motivation and Confidence, and Knowledge and Understanding. Stepwise multiple regression analyses were conducted to investigate the relationship between physical competence components of physical literacy (Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run [PACER], Canadian Agility and Movement Skill Assessment [CAMSA], sit and reach, handgrip, plank, and body mass index) and children’s perceived adequacy and predilection toward physical activity as measured by subscales from the Children’s Self-Perceptions of Adequacy in and Predilection for Physical Activity scale (CSAPPA). The variable most strongly associated with adequacy and predilection was the PACER shuttle run score. The PACER accounted for 10.9% of the variance in adequacy and 9.9% of the variance in predilection. Participants’ age was inversely related to adequacy (β = − 0.374) and predilection (β = − 0.621). The combination of other variables related to adequacy brought the total variance explained to 14.7%, while the model for predilection explained a total of 13.7%. Results indicate an association between cardiorespiratory fitness and measures of physical activity adequacy and predilection. These findings suggest that practitioners should consider the physiological and psychological makeup of the child, and ways to enhance adequacy and predilection among children with limited cardiorespiratory fitness, in order to create the best possible environment for all children to participate in physical activity.
Dany J. Macdonald; Travis J. Saunders; Patricia E. Longmuir; Joel D. Barnes; Kevin Belanger; Brenda Bruner; Jennifer L. Copeland; Melanie J. Gregg; Nathan Hall; Angela M. Kolen; Barbi Law; Luc J. Martin; Dwayne Sheehan; Sarah J. Woodruff; Mark S. Tremblay. A cross-sectional study exploring the relationship between age, gender, and physical measures with adequacy in and predilection for physical activity. BMC Public Health 2018, 18, 1 -8.
AMA StyleDany J. Macdonald, Travis J. Saunders, Patricia E. Longmuir, Joel D. Barnes, Kevin Belanger, Brenda Bruner, Jennifer L. Copeland, Melanie J. Gregg, Nathan Hall, Angela M. Kolen, Barbi Law, Luc J. Martin, Dwayne Sheehan, Sarah J. Woodruff, Mark S. Tremblay. A cross-sectional study exploring the relationship between age, gender, and physical measures with adequacy in and predilection for physical activity. BMC Public Health. 2018; 18 (2):1-8.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDany J. Macdonald; Travis J. Saunders; Patricia E. Longmuir; Joel D. Barnes; Kevin Belanger; Brenda Bruner; Jennifer L. Copeland; Melanie J. Gregg; Nathan Hall; Angela M. Kolen; Barbi Law; Luc J. Martin; Dwayne Sheehan; Sarah J. Woodruff; Mark S. Tremblay. 2018. "A cross-sectional study exploring the relationship between age, gender, and physical measures with adequacy in and predilection for physical activity." BMC Public Health 18, no. 2: 1-8.
The associations between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and physical literacy in children are largely unknown. The aim of this study was to assess the relationships between CRF, measured using the 20-m shuttle run test (20mSRT), and components of physical literacy among Canadian children aged 8–12 years. A total of 9393 (49.9% girls) children, with a mean (SD) age of 10.1 (±1.2) years, from a cross-sectional surveillance study were included for this analysis. The SRT was evaluated using a standardized 15 m or 20 m protocol. All 15 m SRTs were converted to 20mSRT values using a standardized formula. The four domains of physical literacy (Physical Competence, Daily Behaviour, Motivation and Confidence, and Knowledge and Understanding) were measured using the Canadian Assessment of Physical Literacy. Tertiles were identified for 20mSRT laps, representing low, medium, and high CRF for each age and gender group. Cohen’s d was used to calculate the effect size between the low and high CRF groups. CRF was strongly and favourably associated with all components of physical literacy among school-aged Canadian children. The effect size between low and high CRF tertile groups was large for the Physical Competence domain (Cohen’s d range: 1.11–1.94) across age and gender groups, followed by moderate to large effect sizes for Motivation and Confidence (Cohen’s d range: 0.54–1.18), small to moderate effect sizes for Daily Behaviour (Cohen’s d range: 0.25–0.81), and marginal to moderate effect sizes for Knowledge and Understanding (Cohen’s d range: 0.08–0.70). This study identified strong favourable associations between CRF and physical literacy and its constituent components in children aged 8–12 years. Future research should investigate the sensitivity and specificity of the 20mSRT in screening those with low physical literacy levels.
Justin J. Lang; Jean-Philippe Chaput; Patricia E. Longmuir; Joel D. Barnes; Kevin Belanger; Grant R. Tomkinson; Kristal D. Anderson; Brenda Bruner; Jennifer L. Copeland; Melanie J. Gregg; Nathan Hall; Angela M. Kolen; Kirstin N. Lane; Barbi Law; Dany J. Macdonald; Luc J. Martin; Travis J. Saunders; Dwayne Sheehan; Michelle R. Stone; Sarah J. Woodruff; Mark S. Tremblay. Cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with physical literacy in a large sample of Canadian children aged 8 to 12 years. BMC Public Health 2018, 18, 1 -13.
AMA StyleJustin J. Lang, Jean-Philippe Chaput, Patricia E. Longmuir, Joel D. Barnes, Kevin Belanger, Grant R. Tomkinson, Kristal D. Anderson, Brenda Bruner, Jennifer L. Copeland, Melanie J. Gregg, Nathan Hall, Angela M. Kolen, Kirstin N. Lane, Barbi Law, Dany J. Macdonald, Luc J. Martin, Travis J. Saunders, Dwayne Sheehan, Michelle R. Stone, Sarah J. Woodruff, Mark S. Tremblay. Cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with physical literacy in a large sample of Canadian children aged 8 to 12 years. BMC Public Health. 2018; 18 (2):1-13.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJustin J. Lang; Jean-Philippe Chaput; Patricia E. Longmuir; Joel D. Barnes; Kevin Belanger; Grant R. Tomkinson; Kristal D. Anderson; Brenda Bruner; Jennifer L. Copeland; Melanie J. Gregg; Nathan Hall; Angela M. Kolen; Kirstin N. Lane; Barbi Law; Dany J. Macdonald; Luc J. Martin; Travis J. Saunders; Dwayne Sheehan; Michelle R. Stone; Sarah J. Woodruff; Mark S. Tremblay. 2018. "Cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with physical literacy in a large sample of Canadian children aged 8 to 12 years." BMC Public Health 18, no. 2: 1-13.
This study assessed the effect of changing daily movement behaviour on C-reactive protein (CRP) measured in saliva. Two groups of women either reduced daily movement or increased physical activity for 10 days. Salivary CRP increased by 31% in the sedentary group (0.378 ± 0.596 to 0.487 ± 0.793 μg·L−1) and decreased by 22% in the active group (0.414 ± 0.640 to 0.259 ± 0.284 μg·L−1). These results suggest short-term changes in daily movement behaviour can affect salivary CRP, a marker of systemic inflammation.
Taura N. Truba; Jon Doan; Cheryl L. Currie; Jennifer L. Copeland; Taura N. Willoughby. Short-term changes in daily movement behaviour influence salivary C-reactive protein in healthy women. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 2018, 43, 854 -856.
AMA StyleTaura N. Truba, Jon Doan, Cheryl L. Currie, Jennifer L. Copeland, Taura N. Willoughby. Short-term changes in daily movement behaviour influence salivary C-reactive protein in healthy women. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism. 2018; 43 (8):854-856.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTaura N. Truba; Jon Doan; Cheryl L. Currie; Jennifer L. Copeland; Taura N. Willoughby. 2018. "Short-term changes in daily movement behaviour influence salivary C-reactive protein in healthy women." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 43, no. 8: 854-856.
Physical activity has been shown to attenuate the age-associated decline in lung function; however, there is little research evaluating different movement behaviours as potential correlates of lung function. Modifiable determinants need to be identified, as the prevalence of chronic respiratory disease is on the rise. The purpose of this study was to investigate associations of self-reported movement behaviours (i.e., sitting time, walking, different intensities of physical activity, and strengthening activities), with lung function in middle-aged and older adults without a respiratory disease, according to their smoking history. Data from participants of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging were used for analysis (n = 16,839). Lung function was assessed using spirometry. A modified version of the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly was used to assess sitting time and physical activity levels. Smoking status was classified as non-smoking, < 10 pack years smoking, and 10 or more pack years of smoking. The association between movement behaviours and lung function was assessed using hierarchical linear regression models with all covariates (age, sex, smoking status, body mass index, education, retirement status, and sleep duration) entered into block 1, and all movement behaviours entered into block 2. All movement behaviours were associated with Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 s (FEV1) and Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) % predicted in crude and adjusted models, regardless of smoking status. Sitting time was negatively associated with both FEV1%pred (β: -0.094, CI: -0.140, - 0.047) and FVC%pred (β: -0.087, CI: -0.128, -0.045) among those who never smoked, and strength activity was positively associated with both FEV1%pred (β: 0.272, CI: 0.048, 0.496) and FVC%pred (β: 0.253, CI: 0.063,0.442) among those who smoked < 10 pack years, as well as with FVC%pred among those who smoked 10 or more pack years (β: 0.309, CI: 0.064, 0.554). This is the first study to assess the association of different movement behaviours with lung function among middle-aged and older adults without a respiratory disease. These findings indicate that movement behaviours are correlates of lung function, and that they may be modifiable determinants of the age-associated decline in lung function.
Shilpa Dogra; Joshua Good; Matthew P. Buman; Paul A. Gardiner; Michael K. Stickland; Jennifer L. Copeland. Movement behaviours are associated with lung function in middle-aged and older adults: a cross-sectional analysis of the Canadian longitudinal study on aging. BMC Public Health 2018, 18, 818 .
AMA StyleShilpa Dogra, Joshua Good, Matthew P. Buman, Paul A. Gardiner, Michael K. Stickland, Jennifer L. Copeland. Movement behaviours are associated with lung function in middle-aged and older adults: a cross-sectional analysis of the Canadian longitudinal study on aging. BMC Public Health. 2018; 18 (1):818.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShilpa Dogra; Joshua Good; Matthew P. Buman; Paul A. Gardiner; Michael K. Stickland; Jennifer L. Copeland. 2018. "Movement behaviours are associated with lung function in middle-aged and older adults: a cross-sectional analysis of the Canadian longitudinal study on aging." BMC Public Health 18, no. 1: 818.
The purpose of the current study was to determine the association between sedentary time and physical activity with clinically relevant health outcomes among adults with impaired spirometry and those with or without self-reported obstructive lung disease (asthma or COPD). Data from participants of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging were used for analysis (n = 4156). Lung function was assessed using spirometry. Adults were said to have impaired spirometry if their Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 s was <5th percentile lower limit of normal (LLN). A modified version of the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly was used to assess sitting time and physical activity levels. Healthcare use and quality of life outcomes were assessed using self report. Among those with asthma, participating in strengthening activities was associated with lower odds of reporting poor perceived health (OR = 0.65, CI: 0.53, 0.79), poor perceived mental-health (OR = 0.73, CI: 0.60, 0.88), unhealthy aging (OR = 0.68, CI: 0.56, 0.83), and reporting an emergency department visit in the past 12 months (OR = 0.76, CI: 0.60, 0.95). Among those with COPD, those who reported highest weekly sedentary time had higher odds of reporting poor perceived health (OR = 2.70, CI: 1.72, 4.24), poor perceived mental-health (OR = 1.99, CI: 1.29, 3.06), and unhealthy aging (OR = 3.04, CI: 1.96, 4.72). Among those below the LLN, sitting time (OR = 2.57, CI: 1.40, 4.72) and moderate intensity physical activity (OR = 0.23, CI: 0.09, 0.63) were associated with overnight hospital stays. Higher physical activity levels and lower sedentary time may be associated with lower healthcare use and better quality of life. This research may have implications related to the use of physical activity for improving health outcomes and quality of life among adults with obstructive lung disease or impaired spirometry.
Shilpa Dogra; Joshua Good; Matthew P. Buman; Paul A. Gardiner; Jennifer L. Copeland; Michael K. Stickland. Physical activity and sedentary time are related to clinically relevant health outcomes among adults with obstructive lung disease. BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2018, 18, 98 .
AMA StyleShilpa Dogra, Joshua Good, Matthew P. Buman, Paul A. Gardiner, Jennifer L. Copeland, Michael K. Stickland. Physical activity and sedentary time are related to clinically relevant health outcomes among adults with obstructive lung disease. BMC Pulmonary Medicine. 2018; 18 (1):98.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShilpa Dogra; Joshua Good; Matthew P. Buman; Paul A. Gardiner; Jennifer L. Copeland; Michael K. Stickland. 2018. "Physical activity and sedentary time are related to clinically relevant health outcomes among adults with obstructive lung disease." BMC Pulmonary Medicine 18, no. 1: 98.
Study Purpose: Framed by intersectionality theory, this study examined how gender and sense of community belonging interact to influence sedentary behaviour during leisure among Métis adults in Canada. Methods: Data were obtained from 1,169 Métis adults who completed the Canadian Community Health Survey in 2012. Weighted linear regression models examined associations between sedentary behaviour and community belonging stratified by gender, adjusting for confounders. Results: Male gender, younger age, physical activity, and increased socioeconomic status were associated with less sedentary behaviour among Métis adults. Métis men with a very strong sense of community belonging spent 3.6 fewer hours per week engaged in sedentary pursuits during leisure than Métis men who reported a very weak sense of community belonging. Conversely, Métis women with a very strong sense of community belonging spent 1 additional hour per week engaged in sedentary pursuits during leisure than Métis women who reported a very weak sense of community belonging. These associations remained significant after adjustment for sociodemographic covariates and perceived mental health and overall health, suggesting other factors were influencing these differences. Conclusions: A strong sense of community belonging among Métis men may reduce sedentary behaviour during leisure by as much as 30 minutes per day, which may be clinically significant. Increased community belonging among Métis women was associated with increased sedentary behaviour. These findings suggest that interactions between community belonging and gender should be considered when developing interventions to reduce leisure sedentary behaviour among Métis adults in Canada.
Scott Anderson; Jennifer L. Copeland; Cheryl L. Currie. Community Belonging and Sedentary Behaviour Among Métis Canadians: A Gendered Analysis. International Journal of Indigenous Health 2017, 12, 3 -14.
AMA StyleScott Anderson, Jennifer L. Copeland, Cheryl L. Currie. Community Belonging and Sedentary Behaviour Among Métis Canadians: A Gendered Analysis. International Journal of Indigenous Health. 2017; 12 (2):3-14.
Chicago/Turabian StyleScott Anderson; Jennifer L. Copeland; Cheryl L. Currie. 2017. "Community Belonging and Sedentary Behaviour Among Métis Canadians: A Gendered Analysis." International Journal of Indigenous Health 12, no. 2: 3-14.