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Dr. Ahmed Esmael
Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Qalubiya Governorate, 13511, Egypt

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0 Microbiology
0 Mycovirus
0 bacteriophage
0 virology and microbiology
0 Chlorovirus

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Journal article
Published: 28 April 2021 in Viruses
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Chloroviruses are unusual among viruses infecting eukaryotic organisms in that they must, like bacteriophages, penetrate a rigid cell wall to initiate infection. Chlorovirus PBCV-1 infects its host, Chlorella variabilis NC64A by specifically binding to and degrading the cell wall of the host at the point of contact by a virus-packaged enzyme(s). However, PBCV-1 does not use any of the five previously characterized virus-encoded polysaccharide degrading enzymes to digest the Chlorella host cell wall during virus entry because none of the enzymes are packaged in the virion. A search for another PBCV-1-encoded and virion-associated protein identified protein A561L. The fourth domain of A561L is a 242 amino acid C-terminal domain, named A561LD4, with cell wall degrading activity. An A561LD4 homolog was present in all 52 genomically sequenced chloroviruses, infecting four different algal hosts. A561LD4 degraded the cell walls of all four chlorovirus hosts, as well as several non-host Chlorella spp. Thus, A561LD4 was not cell-type specific. Finally, we discovered that exposure of highly purified PBCV-1 virions to A561LD4 increased the specific infectivity of PBCV-1 from about 25–30% of the particles forming plaques to almost 50%. We attribute this increase to removal of residual host receptor that attached to newly replicated viruses in the cell lysates.

ACS Style

Irina Agarkova; Leslie Lane; David Dunigan; Cristian Quispe; Garry Duncan; Elad Milrot; Abraham Minsky; Ahmed Esmael; Jayadri Ghosh; James Van Etten. Identification of a Chlorovirus PBCV-1 Protein Involved in Degrading the Host Cell Wall during Virus Infection. Viruses 2021, 13, 782 .

AMA Style

Irina Agarkova, Leslie Lane, David Dunigan, Cristian Quispe, Garry Duncan, Elad Milrot, Abraham Minsky, Ahmed Esmael, Jayadri Ghosh, James Van Etten. Identification of a Chlorovirus PBCV-1 Protein Involved in Degrading the Host Cell Wall during Virus Infection. Viruses. 2021; 13 (5):782.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Irina Agarkova; Leslie Lane; David Dunigan; Cristian Quispe; Garry Duncan; Elad Milrot; Abraham Minsky; Ahmed Esmael; Jayadri Ghosh; James Van Etten. 2021. "Identification of a Chlorovirus PBCV-1 Protein Involved in Degrading the Host Cell Wall during Virus Infection." Viruses 13, no. 5: 782.

Journal article
Published: 19 February 2021 in Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology
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This study aimed to isolate and characterize bacteriophages, as a biocontrol agent, against certain antibiotic-resistant bacteria causing dental caries. Here, two dental caries-causing bacteria S. aureus and E. faecalis were isolated and characterized biochemically using the automated VITEK® 2 system. Antibiotic sensitivity pattern of the isolated dental caries bacteria was assessed against selection of antibiotics. The two isolates showed resistance against most of the tested antibiotics. To overcome this problem, two lytic phages vB_SauM-EG-AE3 and vB_EfaP-EF01 were isolated, identified, and applied to control the growth of S. aureus and E. faecalis, respectively. Phages were identified morphologically using TEM and showed that vB_SauM-EG-AE3 phage is related to Myoviridae and vB_EfaP-EF01 phage belongs to Podoviridae. The two phages exhibited high lytic activity, high stability, and a narrow host range. The one-step growth curve of phages showed burst sizes of 78.87 and 113.55 PFU/cell with latent periods of 25 and 30 minutes for S. aureus phage and E. faecalis phage respectively. In addition, the two phages showed different structural protein profiles and exhibited different patterns using different restriction enzymes. The genome sizes were estimated to be 13.30 Kb and 15.60 Kb for phages vB_SauM-EGAE3, vB_EfaP-EGAE1, respectively. Complete inhibition of bacterial growth was achieved using phages with MOIs of 103, 102 and 10 after 1, 3, 5, and 24 h of incubation at 37°C. Hence, this study indicates that the isolated bacteriophages are promising biocontrol agents that could challenge antibiotic-resistant dental caries bacteria to announce new successful alternatives to antibiotics.

ACS Style

Mohamed A. Nasr-Eldin; Noha K. El-Dougdoug; Yara H. Elazab; Ahmed Esmael. Isolation and Characterization of Two Virulent Phages to Combat Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis causing Dental Caries. Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology 2021, 15, 320 -334.

AMA Style

Mohamed A. Nasr-Eldin, Noha K. El-Dougdoug, Yara H. Elazab, Ahmed Esmael. Isolation and Characterization of Two Virulent Phages to Combat Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis causing Dental Caries. Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology. 2021; 15 (1):320-334.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohamed A. Nasr-Eldin; Noha K. El-Dougdoug; Yara H. Elazab; Ahmed Esmael. 2021. "Isolation and Characterization of Two Virulent Phages to Combat Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis causing Dental Caries." Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology 15, no. 1: 320-334.

Journal article
Published: 18 February 2021 in Microorganisms
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Foodborne salmonellosis is a global threat to public health. In the current study, we describe the isolation and characterization of two broad-spectrum, lytic Salmonella phages: SPHG1 and SPHG3 infecting a multidrug-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium EG.SmT3. Electron microscopy and whole genome analysis identified SPHG1 as a Myovirus, while SPHG3 as a new member of the genus “Kuttervirus” within the family Ackermannviridae. SPHG1 and SPHG3 had a lysis time of 60 min. with burst sizes of 104 and 138 PFU/cell, respectively. The two phages were robust at variable temperatures and pH ranges that match the corresponding values of most of the food storage and processing conditions. A phage cocktail containing the two phages was stable in the tested food articles for up to 48 h. The application of the phage cocktail at MOIs of 1000 or 100 resulted in a significant reduction in the viable count of S. Typhimurium by 4.2 log10/sample in milk, water, and on chicken breast. Additionally, the phage cocktail showed a prospective ability to eradicate and reduce the biofilm that formed by S. Typhimurium EG.SmT3. A phage cocktail of SPHG1 and SPHG3 is considered as a promising candidate as a biocontrol agent against foodborne salmonellosis due to its broad host ranges, highly lytic activities, and the absence of any virulence or lysogeny-related genes in their genomes.

ACS Style

Ahmed Esmael; Ehab Azab; Adil Gobouri; Mohamed Nasr-Eldin; Mahmoud Moustafa; Shereen Mohamed; Omnia Badr; Alzahraa Abdelatty. Isolation and Characterization of Two Lytic Bacteriophages Infecting a Multi-Drug Resistant Salmonella Typhimurium and Their Efficacy to Combat Salmonellosis in Ready-to-Use Foods. Microorganisms 2021, 9, 423 .

AMA Style

Ahmed Esmael, Ehab Azab, Adil Gobouri, Mohamed Nasr-Eldin, Mahmoud Moustafa, Shereen Mohamed, Omnia Badr, Alzahraa Abdelatty. Isolation and Characterization of Two Lytic Bacteriophages Infecting a Multi-Drug Resistant Salmonella Typhimurium and Their Efficacy to Combat Salmonellosis in Ready-to-Use Foods. Microorganisms. 2021; 9 (2):423.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ahmed Esmael; Ehab Azab; Adil Gobouri; Mohamed Nasr-Eldin; Mahmoud Moustafa; Shereen Mohamed; Omnia Badr; Alzahraa Abdelatty. 2021. "Isolation and Characterization of Two Lytic Bacteriophages Infecting a Multi-Drug Resistant Salmonella Typhimurium and Their Efficacy to Combat Salmonellosis in Ready-to-Use Foods." Microorganisms 9, no. 2: 423.

Journal article
Published: 03 December 2020 in Viruses
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Via virome sequencing, six viruses were detected from Magnaporthe oryzae strains YC81-2, including one virus in the family Tombusviridae, one virus in the family Narnaviridae and four viruses in the family Botourmiaviridae. Since the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of one botourmiavirus show the highest identity (79%) with Magnaporthe oryzae ourmia-like virus 1 (MOLV1), the virus that was grouped into the genus Magoulivirus was designated as Magnaporthe oryzae botourmiavirus 2 (MOBV2). The three other novel botourmiaviruses were selected for further study. The complete nucleotide sequences of the three botourmiaviruses were determined. Sequence analysis showed that virus 1, virus 2, and virus 3 were 2598, 2385, and 2326 nts in length, respectively. The variable 3′ untranslated region (3′-UTR) and 5′-UTR of each virus could be folded into a stable stem-loop secondary structure. Each virus consisted of a unique ORF encoding a putative RdRp. The putative proteins with a conserved GDD motif of RdRp showed the highest sequence similarity to RdRps of viruses in the family Botourmiaviridae. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that these viruses were three distinct novel botourmiaviruses, clustered into the Botourmiaviridae family but not belonging to any known genera of this family. Thus, virus 1, virus 2, and virus 3 were designated as Magnaporthe oryzae botourmiavirus 5, 6, and 7 (MOBV5, MOBV6, and MOBV7), respectively. Our results suggest that four distinct botourmiaviruses, MOBV2, MOBV5, MOBV6, and MOBV7, co-infect a single strain of Magnaporthe oryzae, and MOBV5, MOBV6, and MOBV7 are members of three unclassified genera in the family Botourmiaviridae.

ACS Style

Yang Liu; Liyan Zhang; Ahmed Esmael; Jie Duan; Xuefeng Bian; Jichun Jia; Jiatao Xie; Jiasen Cheng; Yanping Fu; Daohong Jiang; Yang Lin. Four Novel Botourmiaviruses Co-Infecting an Isolate of the Rice Blast Fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. Viruses 2020, 12, 1383 .

AMA Style

Yang Liu, Liyan Zhang, Ahmed Esmael, Jie Duan, Xuefeng Bian, Jichun Jia, Jiatao Xie, Jiasen Cheng, Yanping Fu, Daohong Jiang, Yang Lin. Four Novel Botourmiaviruses Co-Infecting an Isolate of the Rice Blast Fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. Viruses. 2020; 12 (12):1383.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yang Liu; Liyan Zhang; Ahmed Esmael; Jie Duan; Xuefeng Bian; Jichun Jia; Jiatao Xie; Jiasen Cheng; Yanping Fu; Daohong Jiang; Yang Lin. 2020. "Four Novel Botourmiaviruses Co-Infecting an Isolate of the Rice Blast Fungus Magnaporthe oryzae." Viruses 12, no. 12: 1383.

Journal article
Published: 20 November 2019 in Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences
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The unceasing emerging of multidrug-resistant bacteria imposes a global foremost human health threat and discovery of new alternative remedies are necessity. The use of plant essential oil in the treatment of many pathogenic bacteria is promising. Acne vulgaris is the most common skin complaint that fears many people about their aesthetic appearance. In this work we investigated the antibacterial activity of some plant oils against acne-inducing bacteria. Three bacterial isolates were identified from Egypt, biochemically and by means of 16s rRNA gene typing, and were designated as Staphylococcus aureus EG-AE1, Staphylococcus epidermidis EG-AE2 and Cutibacterium acnes EG-AE1. Antibiotic susceptibility test showed resistance of the isolates to at least six antibiotics, yet they are still susceptible to the last resort Vancomycin. In vitro investigations of eleven Egyptian plant oils, identified tea tree and rosemary oils to exhibit antibacterial activity against the antibiotic-resistant acne isolates. Inhibition zones of 15 ± 0.5, 21.02 ± 0.73 and 20.85 ± 0.76 mm was detected when tea tree oil applied against the above-mentioned bacteria respectively, while inhibition zones of 12.5 ± 1.5, 15.18 ± 0.38 and 14.77 ± 0.35 mm were detected by rosemary oils. Tea tree and rosemary oils exhibited bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity against all the strains with MICs/MBCs ranging between 39-78 mg/L for tea tree oil and 39–156 mg/L for rosemary oil. All the isolates were killed after 4 and 6 h upon growing with 200 mg/L of tea tree and rosemary oils, respectively. Additionally, gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS) profiling identified and detected a variable number of antimicrobial compounds in both oils.

ACS Style

Ahmed Esmael; Mervat G. Hassan; Mahmoud M. Amer; Soheir Abdelrahman; Ahmed M. Hamed; Hagar A. Abd-Raboh; Mohamed F. Foda. Antimicrobial activity of certain natural-based plant oils against the antibiotic-resistant acne bacteria. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences 2019, 27, 448 -455.

AMA Style

Ahmed Esmael, Mervat G. Hassan, Mahmoud M. Amer, Soheir Abdelrahman, Ahmed M. Hamed, Hagar A. Abd-Raboh, Mohamed F. Foda. Antimicrobial activity of certain natural-based plant oils against the antibiotic-resistant acne bacteria. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences. 2019; 27 (1):448-455.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ahmed Esmael; Mervat G. Hassan; Mahmoud M. Amer; Soheir Abdelrahman; Ahmed M. Hamed; Hagar A. Abd-Raboh; Mohamed F. Foda. 2019. "Antimicrobial activity of certain natural-based plant oils against the antibiotic-resistant acne bacteria." Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences 27, no. 1: 448-455.

Journal article
Published: 30 December 2017 in Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology
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ACS Style

Mamdouh Esmat; Ahmed Abdelhamid; Sabah Abo-Elmaaty; Mohamed Nasr-Eldin; Mervat Hassan; Abeer Khattab; Ahmed Esmael. Antibiotics and Phage Sensitivity as Interventions for Controlling Escherichia coli Isolated from Clinical Specimens. Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology 2017, 11, 1749 -1755.

AMA Style

Mamdouh Esmat, Ahmed Abdelhamid, Sabah Abo-Elmaaty, Mohamed Nasr-Eldin, Mervat Hassan, Abeer Khattab, Ahmed Esmael. Antibiotics and Phage Sensitivity as Interventions for Controlling Escherichia coli Isolated from Clinical Specimens. Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology. 2017; 11 (4):1749-1755.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mamdouh Esmat; Ahmed Abdelhamid; Sabah Abo-Elmaaty; Mohamed Nasr-Eldin; Mervat Hassan; Abeer Khattab; Ahmed Esmael. 2017. "Antibiotics and Phage Sensitivity as Interventions for Controlling Escherichia coli Isolated from Clinical Specimens." Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology 11, no. 4: 1749-1755.

Journal article
Published: 27 October 2016 in Virology
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A previous report indicated that prototype chlorovirus PBCV-1 replicated in two Chlorella variabilis algal strains, NC64A and Syngen 2–3, that are ex-endosymbionts isolated from the protozoan Paramecium bursaria. Surprisingly, plaque-forming viruses on Syngen 2–3 lawns were often higher than on NC64A lawns from indigenous water samples. These differences led to the discovery of viruses that exclusively replicate in Syngen 2–3 cells, named Only Syngen (OSy) viruses. OSy-NE5, the prototype virus for the proposed new species, had a linear dsDNA genome of 327 kb with 44-nucleotide-long, incompletely base-paired, covalently closed hairpin ends. Each hairpin structure was followed by an identical 2612 base-paired inverted sequence after which the DNA sequence diverged. OSy-NE5 encoded 357 predicted CDSs and 13 tRNAs. Interestingly, OSy-NE5 attached to and initiated infection in NC64A cells but infectious progeny viruses were not produced; thus OSy-NE5 replication in NC64A is blocked at some later stage of replication.

ACS Style

Cristian F. Quispe; Ahmed Esmael; Olivia Sonderman; Michelle McQuinn; Irina Agarkova; Mohammed Battah; Garry A. Duncan; David D Dunigan; Timothy P.L. Smith; Cristina De Castro; Immacolata Speciale; Fangrui Ma; James L. Van Etten. Characterization of a new chlorovirus type with permissive and non-permissive features on phylogenetically related algal strains. Virology 2016, 500, 103 -113.

AMA Style

Cristian F. Quispe, Ahmed Esmael, Olivia Sonderman, Michelle McQuinn, Irina Agarkova, Mohammed Battah, Garry A. Duncan, David D Dunigan, Timothy P.L. Smith, Cristina De Castro, Immacolata Speciale, Fangrui Ma, James L. Van Etten. Characterization of a new chlorovirus type with permissive and non-permissive features on phylogenetically related algal strains. Virology. 2016; 500 ():103-113.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cristian F. Quispe; Ahmed Esmael; Olivia Sonderman; Michelle McQuinn; Irina Agarkova; Mohammed Battah; Garry A. Duncan; David D Dunigan; Timothy P.L. Smith; Cristina De Castro; Immacolata Speciale; Fangrui Ma; James L. Van Etten. 2016. "Characterization of a new chlorovirus type with permissive and non-permissive features on phylogenetically related algal strains." Virology 500, no. : 103-113.

Journal article
Published: 11 March 2014 in Annals of Microbiology
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The present study examined the effect of heavy metals (Mn2+ and Co2+) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on biomass, lipid content and lipid productivity of Chlorella vulgaris. Manganese chloride at 2 μM, 10 μM and 12 μM increased the lipid content significantly by 14 %, 16 % and 15 %, respectively, above the corresponding controls after 8 days of incubation, resulting in a significant (18 %) increase in lipid productivity with respect to the control at 12 μM manganese chloride. All applied concentrations of cobalt nitrate increased the lipid content up to 25 % more than the corresponding controls. The optimum concentration of cobalt nitrate for high lipid productivity was 2.5 μM, which resulted in a 22 % increase in lipid productivity over the control. Furthermore, lipid productivity was increased significantly by 29 % over the control when 4 mM hydrogen peroxide was included in the culture medium. Additionally, the proportion of total saturated fatty acids extracted from Chlorella vulgaris treated with 12 μM manganese chloride, 2.5 μM cobalt nitrate and 4 mM hydrogen peroxide ranged between 40 % and 45 % of total fatty acids. The present study concluded that heavy metals and oxidative stress efficiently increased the lipid productivity of the promising biodiesel feedstock chlorophyte Chlorella vulgaris. In addition, the type and proportion of individual fatty acids meet the biodiesel standards.

ACS Style

Mohammed Battah; Yassin El-Ayoty; Abd El-Fatah Abomohra; Salah Abd El-Ghany; Ahmed Esmael. Effect of Mn2+, Co2+ and H2O2 on biomass and lipids of the green microalga Chlorella vulgaris as a potential candidate for biodiesel production. Annals of Microbiology 2014, 65, 155 -162.

AMA Style

Mohammed Battah, Yassin El-Ayoty, Abd El-Fatah Abomohra, Salah Abd El-Ghany, Ahmed Esmael. Effect of Mn2+, Co2+ and H2O2 on biomass and lipids of the green microalga Chlorella vulgaris as a potential candidate for biodiesel production. Annals of Microbiology. 2014; 65 (1):155-162.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohammed Battah; Yassin El-Ayoty; Abd El-Fatah Abomohra; Salah Abd El-Ghany; Ahmed Esmael. 2014. "Effect of Mn2+, Co2+ and H2O2 on biomass and lipids of the green microalga Chlorella vulgaris as a potential candidate for biodiesel production." Annals of Microbiology 65, no. 1: 155-162.

Journal article
Published: 29 December 2013
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The present study aimed to throw light on the effect of nitrogen deficiency, salt stress and iron concentration on growth, lipid content and fatty acid profile of Chlorella vulgaris. The present results showed that lipid content of C. vulgaris is inversely related to the growth rate at different treatments. Nitrogen deficiency of C. vulgaris of 0.1 mM of NaNO3 and 0.45 mM of NaCl resulted in the highest lipid content (54.88 % and 43.2 % of CDW, respectively) after 12 days of incubation, which represents 85 % and 45 % higher than their corresponding control, respectively. Treatment with ferrous sulphate showed the highest lipid content (34.7 of CDW, 17 % higher than the control) at 35 μM after 12 days of incubation. Total saturated fatty acids percentages represented 50-59 % of total fatty acids, while unsaturated fatty acids represented 41-50 % of total fatty acids. The predominant saturated and unsaturated fatty acids of C. vulgaris were C16:0 and C18: 2, respectively. Also, it was found that all of the treatments resulted in formation of lignoceric acid (C24:0) which wasn't recorded in the lipid profile of untreated alga.

ACS Style

Ahmed Esmael. Optimization of growth and lipid production of the chlorophyte microalga Chlorella vulgaris as a feedstock for biodiesel production. 2013, 1 .

AMA Style

Ahmed Esmael. Optimization of growth and lipid production of the chlorophyte microalga Chlorella vulgaris as a feedstock for biodiesel production. . 2013; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ahmed Esmael. 2013. "Optimization of growth and lipid production of the chlorophyte microalga Chlorella vulgaris as a feedstock for biodiesel production." , no. : 1.