This research includes the design and synthesis of new derivatives for rhodanine azo compounds (4a – c) containing a naphthalene ring. Physiochemical properties of the synthesized compounds were determined by their melting points, FTIR, ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR, and elemental analysis spectroscopic techniques. The biological activities of the newly prepared azo rhodanine compounds were evaluated against some pathogenic bacteria using three different bacterial species including (Escherichia coli., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus) and compared with amoxicillin as a reference drug. The results showed that our compounds have moderate-to-good vital activity against the mentioned pathogenic bacteria. The selectivity and sensitivity of the newly prepared rhodanine azo compounds with transition metals Co²⁺, Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺, Ni²⁺, and Fe³⁺ were studied using UV–vis and fluorescence spectroscopy techniques. Among the synthesized azos, azo 4 c showed affinity toward Fe³⁺ ions with an association constant of 4.63 × 10⁸ M⁻¹. Furthermore, this azo showed high sensitivity toward Fe³⁺ ions with detection limits of 5.14 µM. The molar ratio and Benesi–Hildebrand methods confirmed the formation of complexes between azo 4 c and Fe³⁺ with 1:2 binding stoichiometry. Therefore, azo 4 c showed excellent potential for developing efficient Fe³⁺ chemosensors.

UiO-66-NH₂ is used as an effective drug carrier for the control of quinazoline release for antibacterial agents against Gram-negative bacteria.

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is a critical biomarker for early detection and diagnosis of breast cancer. In this study, we report the synthesis and characterization of a novel zinc-based metal–organic framework (Zn-MOF) biosensor designed for sensitive and selective fluorometric detection of HER2. The Zn-MOF was synthesized via a solvothermal method using a suitable organic ligand to promote fluorescence properties. The synthesized Zn-MOF was characterized using various techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and fluorescence spectroscopy, confirming its structure, morphology, and photoluminescent properties. The Zn-MOF exhibited high binding affinity towards HER2, which resulted in a measurable fluorescence quenching directly correlated with HER2 concentration. This Zn-MOF-based biosensor demonstrated excellent sensitivity, with a detection limit of 1.38 pM and good specificity, showing minimal interference from other proteins commonly found in human serum. These results indicate the potential of Zn-MOFs as effective platforms for the development of biosensors for cancer biomarker detection, paving the way for their application in early cancer diagnostics and personalized medicine.

This work demonstrates synthetic strategies for the incorporation of a synthesized pyrimidine glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonist into alginate-coated ZIF-8. The prepared pyrimidine GLP-1 agonist used for the treatment of diabetes type II, was trapped inside polymer coated ZIF-8. The encapsulation of the GLP-1 agonist was confirmed by UV-visible and FT-IR spectroscopies. Furthermore, the release kinetics of GLP-1 agonist drug from alginate-coated ZIF-8 were investigated in phosphate-buffered saline at 37 °C at pH 8 and 1.5. The alginate-coated ZIF-8 exhibited much faster drug release at basic pH than at pH 1.5, indicating the potential of the alginate-coated ZIF-8 system to overcome the fast degradation at acidic pH of the stomach and improve the drug’s activity. This study may open the way for the synthesis of new metal organic frameworks (MOFs) to enhance drug delivery systems.

The widespread use of imidacloprid (IMI) in pest control presents significant environmental challenges due to its persistence and low removal efficiency. This study introduces magnetic Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs) functionalized with Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (Fe₃O₄@HMN-COF, Fe₃O₄@MAN-COF, and Fe₃O₄@SIN-COF) as efficient adsorbents for IMI removal from water. These COFs, engineered with nitrogen-rich structures and extensive π-electron systems, achieve superior adsorption through π-π interactions, hydrophobic interactions, and hydrogen bonding. Characterization via FT-IR, XRD, and nitrogen sorption isotherms confirmed their high hydrophilicity, stability, and large surface areas. The magnetic properties of the COFs facilitated easy separation from water, enhancing practicality. Kinetic studies for all COFs indicated a pseudo-second-order model, suggesting chemisorption, with adsorption capacities of 600 mg/g for Fe₃O₄@HMN-COF, 480 mg/g for Fe₃O₄@MAN-COF, and 375 mg/g for Fe₃O₄@SIN-COF. Thermodynamic analyses revealed spontaneous and endothermic adsorption processes. Reusability tests showed minimal capacity loss over multiple cycles, underscoring their practical applicability. Practical tests in honey and fruit samples confirmed high efficacy, demonstrating the COFs' versatility. The study also optimized the photocatalytic degradation of imidacloprid using these COFs, with Fe₃O₄@HMN-COF achieving 98.5 % efficiency under optimal conditions (10 mg L⁻¹ IMI, 0.01 g catalyst dose, pH 11, 30 °C, UV light). These findings highlight the potential of magnetic COFs for sustainable environmental remediation of pesticide-contaminated water.

Nuclear energy continues to be an important supplier of electricity, but it has problems with waste management and the possibility to leak radioactive material. Iodine, a potentially harmful byproduct of uranium fission, is hazardous to both the environment and human health. Therefore, developing safe, effective, and affordable storage facilities for iodine waste is crucial. Owing to their well-controlled pore structure and substantial certain surface area, covalent organic frameworks (COFs) show promise for the adsorption of radioactive iodine. The newly developed COFs (SJ-COF, YA-COF, and AA-COF) shown amazing properties, including strong thermal and chemical stability, which made them ideal for efficient iodine capture. Notably, the ultrahigh iodine capture capacities of these COFs-8.52 g g^-1, 8.12 g g^-1 and 7.01 g g^-1-were significantly greater than most previously reported materials. And The % removal efficiency for SJ-COF, YA-COF and AA-COF from I₂/cyclohexane solutions were 87.9 %, 88.6% and 82.6 % respectively. It is noteworthy that the three COFs have high selectivity, reusability, and iodine retention abilities, maintaining iodine even after five recyclings. Based on the outcomes of the experiments, the adsorption processes of the three COFs were examined, and it was discovered that iodine was bound through physical-chemical adsorption. The findings of our work provide a ground-breaking standard for the removal of nuclear waste and demonstrate the enormous potential of COFs as adaptable porous structures that may be specifically designed to address major environmental concerns.