This study examined the interplay between economic growth and environmental pollution in G20 countries, employing panel data analysis techniques. The primary aim was to assess the validity of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis using contemporary econometric methods, while considering the pertinent literature. Preliminary findings of the study affirm the EKC hypothesis, which posits that environmental pollution initially escalates with economic growth but diminishes after surpassing a specific income threshold. Nevertheless, upon integrating per capita energy consumption into the analysis, the descending trajectory postulated in the inverted U‐shaped hypothesis emerged as statistically non‐significant. This undermines the EKC hypothesis's assertion that industrialized nations with elevated per capita incomes predominantly contribute to reduced environmental pollution. Consequently, in the context of developed nations, this research bolsters the prevailing consensus in scholarly discourse that economic growth augments resource consumption, thereby adversely impacting environmental quality.

International student mobility is an important issue in many countries. In 2016, the number of international students reached 5 million worldwide. Turkey has attracted international students since the 1990s; however, the influx of such students has increased notably since 2009. In this study, we analyze factors affecting the social adjustment of international students studying at Usak University in Turkey. Participants’ questionnaire responses were grouped via factor analysis, and pertinent factors affecting social adjustment were revealed through logistic regression analysis. Results indicate that feeling safe and communicating with counseling services and university lecturers can facilitate international students’ social adjustment at Usak University.

The twin deficit hypothesis suggests that there is a relationship between the budget deficit and the current account deficit. The traditional Keynesian Approach emphasizes that budget deficits resulted in the current account deficit. On the other hand, the Ricardian Equivalence Approach argues that there is no relationship between budget deficits and current account deficit. In this study, the validity of the twin deficit hypothesis and Feldstein Horioka (1980) hypothesis is analyzed using both the Breaking Periods of the Westerlund-Edgerton Breaking Cointegration Test (2008) and the Dumitrescu & Hurlin (2012) Panel Causality Test. According to the cointegration and causality analyzes, it is concluded that there is a long-term relationship between budget deficits and current account deficits. This result supports the Traditional Keynesian Approach. Furthermore, it is seen that there is a two-way relationship between budget deficits and current account deficits. Long term coefficients were obtained by using the AMG test. When the panel coefficient results are considered, it is seen that the twin deficit hypothesis is valid, but the results are obtained contrary to the analysis found by Feldstein Horioka (1980). However, when the individual countries are examined, it is seen that the twin deficit hypothesis applies to some countries, and the twin divergence hypothesis applies to some other countries. Besides, it is understood that the study results do not support the Feldstein-Horioka (1980) hypothesis.

En tr The globalization phenomenon has gained speed in various aspects especially since mid-1980s, this process in turn partially contributed to democratization of the many countries. This study researches the effect of democratization on economic growth in emerging markets over 2002-2015 period with panel cointegration test of Westerlund-Durbin-Hausman (2008) and panel causality test of Dumitrescu and Hurlin (2012). The results revealed a cointegrating relationship between economic growth and democratization, but the interaction between democratization and growth varies from country to country. However, no causality relationships were found between democratization and economic growth in the short run. Özellikle 1980'li yılların ortalarından itibaren küreselleşme olgusu çeşitli yönlerden hız kazanmış ve bu süreç birçok ülkenin demokratikleşmesine kısmen katkıda bulunmuştur. Bu çalışma Westerlund-Durbin-Hausman (2008) panel eşbütünleşme testi ile Dumitrescu ve Hurlin (2012) panel nedensellik testini kullanarak 2002-2015 döneminde yükselen piyasa ekonomilerinde, demokratikleşmenin ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkisini araştırmaktadır. Çalışma sonucunda ekonomik büyüme ile demokratikleşme arasında uzun dönemli bir ilişki olduğu belirlenmiş, ancak demokratikleşme ile büyüme arasındaki etkileşimin ülkeden ülkeye farklılık gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Bununla birlikte, kısa dönemde demokratikleşme ile ekonomik büyüme arasında bir nedensellik ilişkisi olmadığı tespit edilmiştir.

Günümüz dünyasında ülkelerin en önemli amaçlarının küresel pazarlardaki rekabet güçlerini arttırmak olduğu şüphesizdir. Bu bağlamda, ülkeler ihracatlarını arttırmayı amaçlamakla birlikte, karşılaştırmalı üstünlüklerini belirleyerek belli ürünlerin ihracatında uzmanlaşmak, böylece uluslararası rekabet güçlerini arttırmak ve küresel katma değerden daha fazla pay almak istemektedirler. Bu çalışmada da, sözü edilen ülkelerden Azerbaycan ve Türkiye ele alınmıştır. Çalışmada, çeşitli açıklanmış karşılaştırmalı üstünlük katsayıları hesaplanmak suretiyle Azerbaycan ve Türkiye’nin ihracatındaki sektör uzmanlaşmaları tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, iki ülkenin uzmanlaşma ve rekabet yapısının farklılık gösterdiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Keza, Türkiye daha çok emek ve sermaye yoğun malların ihracatında uzmanlaşmış olmakla birlikte, Azerbaycan hammadde yoğun malların ihracatında uzmanlaşmış ve rekabet avantajı sağlamıştır.     

The main purpose of this paper is to discover the underlying of the debt crisis and examine the cross-country differences by analyzing the asymmetric supply and demand shocks for the member and candidate countries of the European Union for the pre-crisis period. Following the path of Bayoumi and Eichengreen (1993, 1997) and Blanchard and Quah (1989), the calculations show us that Greece has the largest supply shocks, while Turkey has the largest demand shocks. By looking at the impulse response functions associated with the SVARs, it is clear that Greece has the lowest adjustment speed to demand disturbances followed by the United Kingdom. Those countries which experienced debt crises in the EMU, seemed to have big supply and demand shocks and compared to other member countries the adjustment speed of their economies to these shocks are slower.