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Haile Ketema
College of Natural Resources, Dilla University, Dilla 419, Ethiopia

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Journal article
Published: 13 May 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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In Ethiopia, land, water, energy and food (LWEF) nexus resources are under pressure due to population growth, urbanization and unplanned consumption. The effect of this pressure has been a widely discussed topic in nexus resource literature. The evidence shows the predominantly negative impact of this; however, the impact of these factors is less explored from a local scale. As a result, securing nexus resources is becoming a serious challenge for the country. This necessitates the identification of the driving factors for the sustainable utilization of scarce LWEF nexus resources. Our study provides a systemic look at the driving factor indicators that induce nexus resource degradation. We use the Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) to develop the indicators’ weights, and use a Path Analysis Model (PAM) to quantitatively estimate the effect of the driving factor indicators on the LWEF nexus resources. The results indicate that social (48%), economic (19%), and policy and institutional changes (14%) are the major nexus resource driving factor indicators. The path analysis results indicate that among the social driving factor indicators, population growth and consumption patterns have a significant direct effect on the LWEF nexus, with path coefficients of 0.15 and 0.089, respectively. Similarly, the potential of LWEF nexus resources is also influenced by the institutional and policy change drivers, such as outdated legislation and poor institutional structure, with path coefficients of 0.46 and 0.39, respectively. This implies that population growth and consumption patterns are the leading social drivers, while outdated legislation and poor institutional structures are the institutional and policies change drivers which have a potential impact on LWEF nexus resource degradation. Similarly, other driving factors such as environmental, economic and technological factors also affect nexus resources to varying degrees. The findings of our study show the benefits of managing the identified driving factors for the protection of LWEF nexus resources, which have close links with human health and the environment. In order to alleviate the adverse effects of driving factors, all stakeholders need to show permanent individual and collective commitment. Furthermore, we underline the necessity of applying LWEF nexus approaches to the management of these drivers, and to optimize the environmental and social outcomes.

ACS Style

Zinabu Wolde; Wu Wei; Haile Ketema; Eshetu Yirsaw; Habtamu Temesegn. Indicators of Land, Water, Energy and Food (LWEF) Nexus Resource Drivers: A Perspective on Environmental Degradation in the Gidabo Watershed, Southern Ethiopia. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 5181 .

AMA Style

Zinabu Wolde, Wu Wei, Haile Ketema, Eshetu Yirsaw, Habtamu Temesegn. Indicators of Land, Water, Energy and Food (LWEF) Nexus Resource Drivers: A Perspective on Environmental Degradation in the Gidabo Watershed, Southern Ethiopia. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (10):5181.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zinabu Wolde; Wu Wei; Haile Ketema; Eshetu Yirsaw; Habtamu Temesegn. 2021. "Indicators of Land, Water, Energy and Food (LWEF) Nexus Resource Drivers: A Perspective on Environmental Degradation in the Gidabo Watershed, Southern Ethiopia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 10: 5181.

Journal article
Published: 19 March 2020 in Sustainability
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According to poststructuralists, workers with higher level of education and possession of potential experience are supposed to have higher wages. Yet, there are plausible questions that arise as to what levels of education or work history are needed for the enhancement of wage discrimination. Additionally, the outcomes arising from rehashing years of schooling are worth considering. We used a several methods, employing the administrative Household Integrated Economic Survey (HIES) data from Pakistan without ignoring environmental effects. Our estimated results support the conventional assumptions of linearity of log-wage. First, we found substantial returns for postgraduate diploma holders in both public and private sectors, even after controlling the individual’s heterogeneity. Second, we did notice a significant divergence in return to low-level education (LLE) and job history. Third, rehashing years of education may create suspiciousness regarding the lack of competence. Our results suggest that continuous investment in human capital toward postgraduate diploma may result in higher premiums.

ACS Style

Zhimin Liu; Aftab Ahmed Memon; Woubshet Negussie; Haile Ketema. Interpreting the Sustainable Development of Human Capital and the Sheepskin Effects in Returns to Higher Education: Empirical Evidence from Pakistan. Sustainability 2020, 12, 2393 .

AMA Style

Zhimin Liu, Aftab Ahmed Memon, Woubshet Negussie, Haile Ketema. Interpreting the Sustainable Development of Human Capital and the Sheepskin Effects in Returns to Higher Education: Empirical Evidence from Pakistan. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (6):2393.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhimin Liu; Aftab Ahmed Memon; Woubshet Negussie; Haile Ketema. 2020. "Interpreting the Sustainable Development of Human Capital and the Sheepskin Effects in Returns to Higher Education: Empirical Evidence from Pakistan." Sustainability 12, no. 6: 2393.

Journal article
Published: 23 December 2019 in Global Ecology and Conservation
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Understanding the relationships between land use land cover (LULC) change and its drivers is essential for designing appropriate strategies for managing and conserving natural resources. This study examined the status, trends, and driving factors of smallholder farmers' managed land use land cover (LULC) dynamics over the past 30 years (1988–2018) in two contrasting agro-ecological zones (AEZ) of highly-populated Southeastern escarpments of the Ethiopian Rift Valley. Changes in LULC were quantified by integrating field observation, remote-sensing data, and geographic information systems. Landsat images (1988, 2003, and 2018), household surveys (for drivers), and time-series data sources were used to generate the datasets. Results showed that: (1) the total area of 75,246.98 ha (33.79%) was non-linearly changed to various LULC classes. Cultivated land and agroforestry were dominant and increased in humid AEZ from 1988 to 2018. In the same period, waterbody, wetland/marshy, and grass/bushland were dominant and increased in semi-arid AEZ. Cultivated land increased remarkably at the expense of wetland/marshy, woodland, forestland, and grass/bushland in both humid and semi-arid AEZs, and, consequently, bare land was expanded by 1288% in the region. Agroforestry was highly persistent, while forestland was found to be highly susceptible to LULC change. (2) We observed that there was a spatial variation of drivers between humid and semi-arid AEZs. Population growth and landholding size (land fragmentation) were considered to be the main drivers of LULC changes in humid AEZ, while drought/rainfall variability and agricultural investment were the principal drivers in semi-arid AEZ. Ordinary least square (OLS) and binary logistic regression have also confirmed that population density and agricultural investment are the top drivers that significantly influence LULC classes. We conclude that unmanaged population growth, coupled with the continued expansion of cultivated land, have remarkably contributed to the expansion of bare land and decreases vegetation cover. Hence, improving farm-level participatory land-use management is required to recuperate the environment and smallholder farmers’ well-being.

ACS Style

Haile Ketema; Wu Wei; Abiyot Legesse; Zinabu Wolde; Habtamu Temesgen; Fantaw Yimer; Aseres Mamo. Quantifying smallholder farmers’ managed land use/land cover dynamics and its drivers in contrasting agro-ecological zones of the East African Rift. Global Ecology and Conservation 2019, 21, e00898 .

AMA Style

Haile Ketema, Wu Wei, Abiyot Legesse, Zinabu Wolde, Habtamu Temesgen, Fantaw Yimer, Aseres Mamo. Quantifying smallholder farmers’ managed land use/land cover dynamics and its drivers in contrasting agro-ecological zones of the East African Rift. Global Ecology and Conservation. 2019; 21 ():e00898.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Haile Ketema; Wu Wei; Abiyot Legesse; Zinabu Wolde; Habtamu Temesgen; Fantaw Yimer; Aseres Mamo. 2019. "Quantifying smallholder farmers’ managed land use/land cover dynamics and its drivers in contrasting agro-ecological zones of the East African Rift." Global Ecology and Conservation 21, no. : e00898.