The number of older Europeans 80+ is projected to increase from 27.7 million in 2016 to 65.2 million in 2070. The goal of these cohorts is to stay independent and autonomous in the community as long as possible, but a large share of this population resides in improperly built dwellings. They face a dangerous environment in surrounding of their dwelling which influences their decision to prematurely move to nursing home, which is decreasing their quality of life and increasing public expenditures. To prevent premature departure to a nursing home and make long-term care system, more sustainable Member States need to develop a proper Health and Social Infrastructure including long-term care services and assisted living facilities suitable for older adults with declining functional capacities that are dependent on the help of others. For the development of this infrastructure, the financial sources should be structured properly. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to introduce the decision model for planning and financing of Health and Social Infrastructure including long-term care services and dwelling units suitable for the older population. The model is based on a multiple decrement approach. As a novelty, we have developed a scheme of long-term care insurance where disbursement of benefits depends on functional capacities of older adults and type of dwelling, where they are living. Actuarial present value of long-term care LTCa _x is subject of criterion function of suitability of the social infrastructure. Local authorities can use the model for supporting decisions regarding investment in social infrastructure for elderly.

Municipalities are responsible for organizing and financing long-term–care services. These expenditures will triple in the next 40 years (to 9.5% of the GDP of Norway). This study seeks to investigate the exposure to different risks presented by the built environments of current neighbourhoods and the valuation of the benefits attained through the development of lifetime neighbourhoods. Ambient assisted living technologies embedded in lifetime neighbourhoods can significantly decrease the risk of falls and other accidents. Digital social networks and other support to the community can facilitate inclusion and mitigate loneliness. The spatial planning, development, and management of lifetime neighbourhoods with embedded ambient intelligence as a risk mitigation strategy in fast ageing cities are of specific interest. We wish to evaluate how the development of lifetime neighbourhoods mitigates the risk of accidents and social exclusion, thereby creating value for the community. The creation of value by the mitigation of the risk of falls, diseases, and social exclusion will be measured with the actuarial present value generated using the multiple decrement model approach, which is a novelty. The actuarial present value will provide scientific evidence of the benefits of the development and management of various lifetime neighbourhoods and housing arrangements.

Monografija obravnava enega ključnih družbenih izzivov sodobne Slovenije – hitro staranje prebivalstva in z njim povezano potrebo po vzdržnem, pravičnem in učinkovitem sistemu dolgotrajne oskrbe. Avtorji skozi ustavne temelje socialne države izpostavljajo vprašanje, kako zagotoviti primerno bivanjsko in socialno varnost starejših ter kakšna naj bo delitev odgovornosti med državo, posameznikom in družino. Poseben poudarek je namenjen starejšim prebivalcem slovenskega podeželja, kjer se zaradi odseljevanja mladih in skromnih pokojnin starejši pogosto soočajo z osamljenostjo, tveganjem za nezgode in omejenimi možnostmi oskrbe na domu. Monografija proučuje potencial kmetijskih gospodarstev pri razvoju dopolnilnih dejavnosti, ki bi lahko prispevale k razbremenitvi sistema dolgotrajne oskrbe, izboljšanju lokalne zaposlitvene slike in upočasnitvi praznjenja podeželja. Na podlagi analiz stanja in prostorskih projekcij avtorji predlagajo hierarhično zasnovo mreže oskrbnih možnosti – od oskrbe na domu in kmetijah, preko »srebrnih vasi«, do domov starejših občanov in negovalnih bolnišnic. Predlogi temeljijo na dobrih praksah iz več evropskih držav ter opozarjajo tudi na pomanjkljivosti nekaterih modelov v tujini. Knjiga je del obsežnega niza dvanajstih regionalnih monografij, ki skupaj ponujajo celovito podlago za oblikovanje sodobnega, socialno pravičnega in finančno vzdržnega sistema dolgotrajne oskrbe v Sloveniji.