The future research on hybrid nanofluids need to be done as there are many applications of hybrid nanofluids. Some of them are electro-mechanical, renewable energy and manufacturing process application and also the application in automotive cooling. Therefore, this numerical study is conducted to investigate the aligned magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) flow of hybrid nanofluid over a vertical plate through a porous medium. The base fluid (water), silver and copper oxide flowed over a vertical plate in the presence of MHD and porous medium with boundary conditions of constant wall temperature by taking a few types of parameters into consideration. By using similarity transformation, the governing nonlinear partial differential equations are transformed into nonlinear ordinary differential equations. Keller Box method is applied to solve numerically the nonlinear ordinary differential equations and the system is solved by using Fortran programming. The results of the study are illustrated graphically to show the behavior of velocity and temperature also skin friction and Nusselt number of hybrids nanofluid affected by the parameters. It is found that the velocity profiles increase, and temperature profiles decrease when the angle of aligned magnetic field, the interaction of magnetic parameter and local Grashof number increase while the velocity profiles decrease, and temperature profiles increase when the porous parameter and volume fraction of nanoparticles parameter increase. Besides, the skin friction of Ag-CuO-water is less than CuO-water and Nusselt number of Ag-CuO-water is higher than CuO-water.

This study focuses on the investigation of aligned MHD natural convection flow and heat transfer of a Casson nanofluid past a vertical plate with convective boundary condition. Casson nanofluid are found in a wide range of commercial and technological applications, including dissolved polymers, biological solutions, paints, asphalts, and glues. The governing partial differential equations (PDE) is transformed to ordinary differential equations (ODE) by using similarity transformation. Keller box method is employed to numerically solve the transformed partial differential equations and then the system is solved by Fortran programming. The results for both the velocity and temperature profiles of Casson nanofluid as well as the skin friction and Nusselt number that are affected by nanoparticles shape factor considering parameters aligned angle of magnetic, interaction of magnetic field, volume fraction of nanoparticles, Local Grashof number, Casson parameter and Biot number are presented graphically and in tabulated form. It is also found that the velocity increases while the temperature decreases when the aligned angle of magnetic, interaction of magnetic field, Casson parameter and Local Grashof number increase. The skin friction and Nusselt number increases for all parameters except for Casson nanofluid parameter. For convective boundary condition, Biot number increases when both velocity and temperature profiles increase. The nanoparticles shape of laminar has the highest velocity and temperature while the spherical shape has the lowest for all parameters.

Due to its substantial applications in physics, chemistry, and engineering, some emphasis has been given in recent years to explore the boundary layer flow of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) nanofluids. The numerical study is conducted to investigate the behaviour of MHD free convection flow of magnetic nanofluids over a moving vertical plate with convective boundary conditions by taking a few types of parameters into consideration. The similarity transformation was used to reduce the partial differential governing equations into ordinary differential equations. Then, the reduced equations were solved using fourth-fifth order Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg and coded into Maple Software. The results of velocity and temperature profiles were illustrated graphically while the results of skin friction coefficient and Nusselt number were presented in tabulated data. As a result, inclination angle of magnetic field parameter, magnetic interaction parameter, Grashof number and Biot number improve the velocity field and lowers the momentum boundary layer thickness. However, the nanoparticle volume fraction parameter, and the Biot number parameter boost the temperature field and raise the thermal boundary layer thickness. The Nusselt number of the moving plate with the flow is the highest, whereas the skin friction coefficient of the moving plate against the flow is the highest. Fe3O4-kerosene has a better influence to the velocity and temperature profiles as well as skin friction coefficient and Nusselt number.