Activity-guided fractionation of a methanolic extract of the leaves of Eremochloa ophiuroides (centipede grass) using a pancreatic lipase inhibitory assay led to the isolation and identification of a new C-glycosidic flavone, luteolin 6-C-b-D-boivinopyranoside (1), as well as eight known compounds. The structures of these compounds were established on the basis of interpretation of their spectroscopic data. Among these isolates, the C-glycosidic flavones 1–5 showed potent inhibitory effects on pancreatic lipase, with IC₅₀ values ranging from 18.5 ± 2.6 to 50.5 ± 3.9 mM.

(1) Background: Plants act as the natural sink for a variety of toxins in the environment, including veterinary antibiotics (VAs). The objective of this study was to evaluate the uptake and fate of sulfadimethoxine (SDZ), oxytetracycline (OTC), and streptomycin (STR) in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), carrot (Daucus carota), and pepper (Capsicum annum) grown in VAs amended soil. (2) Methods: 0, 50, and 100 mg kg⁻¹ VA laced manure was applied in a sandy clay loam soil. (3) Results: 30-d (lettuce) and 60-d (carrot and pepper) greenhouse experiment showed that SDZ and OTC were taken up by all three plants, with concentrations in plant tissue ranging from 0.1 to 1.2 mg kg⁻¹ dry weight. The concentration of VAs in plant tissues increased with a corresponding increase of antibiotics in manure. The highest plant tissue concentrations were found in carrot and lettuce, followed by pepper. An increase in NADPH P450 reductase and glutathione-s-transferase enzyme activity with increasing SDZ and OTC concentration was evident, signifying the induction of the detoxification process. The activity of plant detoxification enzymes under STR treatment was found not to be significantly different from control. (4) Conclusions: These results raise potential human health concerns of consuming low levels of antibiotics from produce grown on manure-amended soils. The result indicates that SDZ, OTC, and STR antibiotics posed high, medium, and low acute ecological risks in lettuce, carrot, and pepper plants when grown in sandy clay loam soil.

The objective of this study was to assess, under laboratory and field conditions, the performance of the Decagon 5TE and GS3 soil water sensors in estimating the soil water content of saline-alkali reclaimed land in South Korea. The error due to increased bulk soil EC was greater for the 5TE sensor than for the GS3 sensor and was greater in soil with higher bulk soil EC. Therefore, it is recommended that the soil electrical conductivity be considered in the calibration process for the 5TE. The calibration equations developed for the 5TE and GS3 sensors during laboratory experiments were highly accurate. Testing of the 5TE and GS3 sensors showed very good agreement between actual VWC and VWC calculations resulting from the field-derived calibration. These results suggest that either sensor can be used to acquire accurate soil water content data in the field.