In the DC microgrid system, the energy storage system must have both high power density and high energy density, and it is difficult for a single type of energy storage device to meet this requirement. The battery and the super capacitor are highly complementary in performance. Here, the battery and the super capacitor are, respectively, connected to the DC bus through a bidirectional DC–DC converter to form a hybrid energy storage system. For a 380V DC microgrid system, a new type of symmetrical circuit topology structure with two inductors and two capacitors (CLLC) resonant network is proposed. Since the symmetrical CLLC resonant network has the zero voltage switching capability of the main power switch and the soft commutation capability of the output rectifier, the converter can operate at high power conversion efficiency. Finally, the effectiveness of the system control strategy is verified through simulation and experiments.

In order to achieve high and low voltage isolation transformation in DC transmission and distribution networks, a multi module input-series output-parallel (ISOP) system consisting of a buck/boost converter and a CLLLC resonant converter as submodules was studied. This system can ensure that the CLLLC converter operates in the optimal state during frequency changes, achieves a soft switching function, and maintains a high conversion efficiency. This article establishes a mathematical model of a cascaded converter, analyzes its gain characteristics, and proposes a fuzzy PID three-loop control strategy to achieve good input voltage and output current sharing in the ISOP system. A simulation model is built on the MATLAB(R2023a)/Simulink platform to verify the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed control strategy. Finally, by building a prototype platform, the feasibility of the ISOP system and the effectiveness of fuzzy PID three-loop control were verified through experiments.

Direct current transformer (DCT) is a key piece of equipment in direct current (DC) microgrids, and the mainstream topologies mainly include LLC resonant converter (LLC) and dual active bridge (DAB). In this paper, a novel bi-directional buck/boost + CLLLC cascade topology is proposed for the input-series-output-parallel cascade converter system of a DC microgrid. To solve the problem that frequency variation causes the converter to deviate from the optimal operating point, resulting in low efficiency, and the inability to achieve a soft switching function. The CLLLC converter operates near the resonant frequency point as a DCT, only providing electrical isolation and voltage matching, while the buck/boost converter controls the output voltage and the voltage and current sharing of each module. Compared to other cascaded converter systems, the cascaded converter proposed in this paper has high efficiency, simplifies the parameter design, and is suitable for wide input and wide output operating conditions. The system adopts a three-loop control strategy, establishes the small-signal modeling of the system, and its stability is verified by theoretical analysis and simulation. The simulation and experimental results verify the correctness of the proposed cascaded converter based on buck/boost + CLLLC and the effectiveness of the control strategy.