Rock burst is one of the most serious disasters that can occur in mining. However, studies of mine disaster prevention and hydraulic support still face a lack of large scale high‐speed and high‐power impact loading test equipment for the simulation of rock bursts. Considering the coexistence of quasistatic loading, dynamic loading, and static‐dynamic composite loading in rock bursts, an impact test machine was designed based on hydraulic loading to achieve the maximum impact force of 2000 kN and maximum impact velocity of 10 m/s to simulate the impact of actual rock bursts in this study. In the design process, the action principle and loading characteristics of the rock burst were first analyzed, and on this basis, the hydraulic loading system was designed using theoretical calculations as well as simulation. Requirements related to laboratory experiments were used to determine the technical parameters and structure of the test machine. The main frame of the test machine was designed according to the load requirements, and the dynamic characteristics of the main frame under the impact condition were analyzed. According to the results of the calculations and simulations, a prototype was manufactured, on which a no‐loading impact test and crash box impact test were carried out. The test results validated the effectiveness of the test machine. The development of this impact test machine provides the necessary means for the research and development of anti‐impact support equipment.

To enhance the impact resistance of mine roadway support systems, this study designed an externally installed energy-absorbing device for unit-type hydraulic supports, consisting of foam-filled metal tubes. The device integrates Enriched Fiber Foamed Concrete (EFFC) into thin-walled square metal tubes, forming a lightweight rigid-flexible composite. Simulation and low-speed loading experiments were conducted to optimize energy absorption performance through three key parameters: EFFC material properties, thin-walled square tubes with induced defects, and EFFC-filled tube configurations. Compression tests on EFFC specimens revealed density-dependent deformation mechanisms, identifying 500 kg/m³ as the optimal filling density. Comparative experiments on five types of defect-induced EFFC-filled tubes demonstrated superior energy absorption and load characteristics relative to unfilled tubes. Key findings reveal a maximum load reduction of 29% in the composite compared to bare tubes, energy absorption capacity exceeding the sum of unfilled tubes and EFFC by up to 94.5%, and a 21% improvement in load fluctuation coefficient indicating reduced impact propensity. This cost-effective composite design provides a viable solution for anti-impact support equipment in coal mines, balancing high energy absorption with structural stability.

Modeling and simulation of pick cutting hard concretion coal process are taken as a key link to analyze the stress variation law. To this aim, the properties of hard concretion coal in the target mining area were tested. Related model with high-quality common grid was generated using the mapping method through Hypermesh. the coal breaking process was performed using LS-DYNA, and the stress variation law of coal and hard concretion was analyzed. The results showed that the closer the action position to the middle point of long axis of hard concretion, the greater stress peak would be generated, stripping of the pick occurred when it acted on the 2/5 and 1/2 positions of the long axis. Using similarity theory, the model of hard concretion coal was made and the pick cutting experiment was performed. Compared with simulation torque result, the correctness of modeling and simulation has been verified.