Background: In view of the high morbidity and mortality of Diabetes mellitus—Coronary heart disease (DM-CHD) in diabetics, the combination therapy of traditional Chinese medicine injections (TCMIs) and conventional therapy (CT) is receiving extensive attention. Therefore, the effectiveness and security of conventional therapy with traditional Chinese medicine injections in the therapy of diabetes mellitus—coronary heart disease were compared by systematical review and network meta-analysis.Methods: According to the preset inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria, we searched seven electronic literature databases from their inception to JAN 5,2022, to obtain the relevant RCT literature on the therapy of diabetes mellitus—coronary heart disease with traditional Chinese medicine injections. Two researchers independently reviewed the papers, two other researchers worked in extracting data and quality assessment of the included literature. The primary outcomes were total effective rate. The secondary outcomes included electrocardiogram (EGG)effective rate, the effective rate of angina pectoris, fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2-h postprandial blood glucose (PBG), hemoglobinA1c (HbA1c), total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), frequency of angina pectoris, and duration of angina pectoris. We adopted stata16.0 software for the systematic review and network meta-analysis.Results: A total of 53 trials involved 4,619 patients and one of the following 16 traditional Chinese medicine injections: Danhong, Danshen, Gualoupi, Gegen, Chuanxiongqin, Danshenchuanxiongqin, Shenmai, Shenqi, Xixin, Xuesaitong, Shuxuetong, Guanxinning, Kudiezi, Ciwujia, Xingding, Shuxuening. The meta-analysis revealed that Chuanxiongqin injection was superior to all other therapies in improving the total effective rate, [vs. conventional therapy odds ratio (OR): 14.52, 95% confidence interval (CI): 4.13–51.02], vs. Xuesaitong injection (odds ratio: 7.61, confidence interval: 1.25–46.40), and vs. Danshenchuanxiongqin injection (odds ratio: 3.98, confidence interval: 1.03–15.28)]. Xixin injection + conventional therapy was superior to conventional therapy only for electrocardiogram effective rate (odds ratio: 5.44, confidence interval: 1.55–19.18). Shenmai injection + conventional therapy was superior to conventional therapy in effective rate of angina (odds ratio: 11.05, confidence interval: 2.76–44.28). There was not different significantly in the comparisons of frequency of angina pectoris and duration of angina pectoris, we considered that this may be due to the lack of sufficient data. As most of the included RCTs did not monitor Adverse Events, the safety of those traditional Chinese medicine injections remains to be further explored.Conclusion: Basing on our study, traditional Chinese medicine injections combined with conventional therapy takes important role in the treatment of diabetes mellitus—coronary heart disease, and its curative effect is better than conventional therapy. Nevertheless, properly designed RCTs are required to validate our conclusions in the future.Systematic Review Registration: [https://inplasy.com/inplasy-2021-12-0125/], identifier [INPLASY2021120125].

Yinhuapinggan granule (YHPG) is frequently used for treating fever, cough, and viral pneumonia in traditional Chinese medicine. This study investigated the antiviral effects of YHPG in H1N1 influen...

Ischemic stroke is a common cerebrovascular disease accompanied by a large number of neuronal death and severe functional impairment. In recent years, the role of ferroptosis and ferritinophagy in neuronal death after cerebral infarction has attracted great interest in the field of ischemic stroke. Ferroptosis is a newly discovered programmed cell death pattern characterized by iron overload, dysregulation of the xCT/GSH/GPX4 system, and lipid peroxidation system, which is closely associated with neurological damage after ischemic stroke. Ferritinophagy is a selective autophagy mediated by NCOA4 that regulates intracellular iron metabolism, and can be regulated by factors such as intracellular iron content and HERC2–FBXL5–IPR2 axis. Under normal physiological conditions, ferritinophagy maintains the balance of intracellular iron elements, and excessive activation can cause ferroptosis. Here, we mainly review the general mechanisms of ferroptosis and ferritinophagy, and focus on the relationship between ischemic stroke and ferroptosis/ferritinophagy. Specifically, we explored the crosstalk of ferroptosis and ferritinophagy in ischemic stroke and outlined current treatment strategies and key challenges. These observations may help to further understand the pathological events of ischemic stroke and bridge the gap between basic and translational research to provide novel insights for its treatment. Graphical Abstract

Background. Traditional Chinese medicine Yinhuapinggan granule (YHPG) has been used for treating upper respiratory tract infection like influenza, cough, and viral pneumonia. However, its active ingredients that really exert the main efficacy have not been well elucidated. This study is aimed at screening its antiviral components and investigating the potential therapeutic mechanisms of YHPG against the influenza A/PR8/34 (H1N1) virus in Madin Darby canine kidney (MDCK). Methods. MDCK cells were infected with the influenza virus and then treated with ribavirin, YHPG, and main active ingredients in YHPG. Based on the maximum nontoxic concentration (TC₀), half‐maximal toxic concentration (TC₅₀), half‐maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀), and therapeutic index (TI), interferon‐β (IFN‐β) and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) levels were measured using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the gene expression of TLR7, MyD88, tumor necrosis factor receptor‐associated factor 6 (TRAF6), c‐Jun amino terminal kinase (JNK), p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), and p65 nuclear transcription factor‐kappa B (p65 NF‐κB) was quantified using reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). Results. The results indicated that the components of YHPG, such as ephedrine hydrochloride, pseudoephedrine hydrochloride, chlorogenic acid, and emodin, had significant antiviral effects. High and medium doses of YHPG effectively reduced the cytopathic effect (CPE) and significantly decreased IFN‐β and IL‐6 levels in the supernatant. Simultaneously, the transcript levels of TLR7, MyD88, TRAF6, JNK, p38 MAPK, and p65 NF‐κB decreased in infected MDCK cells. Moreover, a certain dose‐dependent relationship among different groups of YHPG was observed. Conclusions. These results indicated that YHPG and the components of YHPG had a significant inhibitory function on the proliferation of the H1N1 virus. The mechanism might be associated with suppressing the activation of the TLR7/MyD88 signaling pathway, a decrease in the mRNA expression of key target genes, and inhibition of IFN‐β and IL‐6 secretion.