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Quality educational institutions are strategic tools for accelerating the attainment of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). All the 17 SDGs are interlinked. For instance, quality education (SDG4) reduces poverty (SDG 1,2) and inequalities (SDG10) and stimulates good health and wellbeing (SDG3). The paper applied unorthodox theoretical postulations such as convergence models, intergovernmentalism, neofunctionalism and neorealism in explaining how functional (educational) institutions are a necessary enabling environment in accelerating the attainment of SDGs. Empirically, the paper identified unclear modus operandi, lack of political will, political instability, small and fragmented markets and economies with heterogeneous characteristics, and lack of standardization of product and procedures, among other factors, as constraints to sustainability in tertiary education. A Vector Autoregressive (VAR) model was employed using data from 51 Sub-Saharan countries. The three variables were gross domestic product per capita (GDPP), governance and tertiary education expenditure. Results indicated significant short-run unidirectional causality from gross domestic product per capita and tertiary education expenditure to governance, but joint short-run causality was not established. However, transmission effects across the three variables became significant as the number of years increased to ten years. The study recommends a holistic approach from policymakers in order to ensure sustainability in tertiary education due to interlinkages, with emphasis placed on direction of causality.
Michael Pasara. Economic Growth, Governance and Educational Sustainability: A VAR Analysis. Education Sciences 2021, 11, 343 .
AMA StyleMichael Pasara. Economic Growth, Governance and Educational Sustainability: A VAR Analysis. Education Sciences. 2021; 11 (7):343.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichael Pasara. 2021. "Economic Growth, Governance and Educational Sustainability: A VAR Analysis." Education Sciences 11, no. 7: 343.
Michael Takudzwa Pasara; Albert Makochekanwa; Steven Henry Dunga. THE ROLE OF SAVINGS AND CREDIT COOPERATIVES (SACCOS) ON FINANCIAL INCLUSION IN ZIMBABWE. EURASIAN JOURNAL OF BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT 2021, 9, 47 -60.
AMA StyleMichael Takudzwa Pasara, Albert Makochekanwa, Steven Henry Dunga. THE ROLE OF SAVINGS AND CREDIT COOPERATIVES (SACCOS) ON FINANCIAL INCLUSION IN ZIMBABWE. EURASIAN JOURNAL OF BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT. 2021; 9 (1):47-60.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichael Takudzwa Pasara; Albert Makochekanwa; Steven Henry Dunga. 2021. "THE ROLE OF SAVINGS AND CREDIT COOPERATIVES (SACCOS) ON FINANCIAL INCLUSION IN ZIMBABWE." EURASIAN JOURNAL OF BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT 9, no. 1: 47-60.
In light of renewed interests to boost African trade through continental integration, the authors identified trade facilitation as an integral component of complimenting the integration processes. This is especially relevant in the southern region where the majority of borders are characterised by complex and duplicated processes due to the lack of ‘one-stop border posts’. This study explores the attitudes, knowledge and practices of customs administrators on trade facilitation in Zimbabwe. Based on questionnaires, face-to-face interviews, and secondary data collected from the Zimbabwe Revenue Authority (ZIMRA), the results indicated that ‘trade facilitation’ was not included in strategic policies of ZIMRA. In terms of risk factors, low staff remuneration was identified as the major issue. Many cross-border authorities at the border (overstaffed) and outdated infrastructure were major constraints in the flow of cargo and people. The study recommends that ZIMRA should provide training on the ‘single window system’ in order to improve on coordinated border management. Secondly, ZIMRA should review staff remuneration frequently and synchronise it with regional standards. Thirdly, there should be alignment and coordination of the trade-related issues within various government ministries. Fourthly, customs authorities should establish stand-alone trade facilitation units at ports of entry.
Michael Takudzwa Pasara; Chamunorwa Gonyora; Daniel Francois Meyer. Attitudes, Knowledge, and Practices of Customs Administrators on Trade Facilitation. Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai Oeconomica 2020, 65, 46 -64.
AMA StyleMichael Takudzwa Pasara, Chamunorwa Gonyora, Daniel Francois Meyer. Attitudes, Knowledge, and Practices of Customs Administrators on Trade Facilitation. Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai Oeconomica. 2020; 65 (2):46-64.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichael Takudzwa Pasara; Chamunorwa Gonyora; Daniel Francois Meyer. 2020. "Attitudes, Knowledge, and Practices of Customs Administrators on Trade Facilitation." Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai Oeconomica 65, no. 2: 46-64.
Rufaro Garidzirai; Michael Takudzwa Pasara. AN ANALYSIS OF THE CONTRIBUTION OF TOURISM ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN SOUTH AFRICAN PROVINCES: A PANEL ANALYSIS. GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites 2020, 29, 554 -564.
AMA StyleRufaro Garidzirai, Michael Takudzwa Pasara. AN ANALYSIS OF THE CONTRIBUTION OF TOURISM ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN SOUTH AFRICAN PROVINCES: A PANEL ANALYSIS. GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites. 2020; 29 (2):554-564.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRufaro Garidzirai; Michael Takudzwa Pasara. 2020. "AN ANALYSIS OF THE CONTRIBUTION OF TOURISM ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN SOUTH AFRICAN PROVINCES: A PANEL ANALYSIS." GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites 29, no. 2: 554-564.
Does dollarisation influence economic activity in Zimbabwe? The question has incited a lot of debates among researchers and analysts. In an attempt to answer this question, the study used an Auto Regressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) procedure, to investigate the effects of dollarisation on economic growth in Zimbabwe. The study employed quarterly data over a 14-year period between 2000 and 2014. The results of the study indicate that dollarisation, gross domestic investment and trade openness are positively related to economic growth. Based on the findings of the study, the paper recommends that Zimbabwean policy makers should establish additional complementary policies which foster economic integration with anchor countries to reduce credit risk. On the other hand, dollarisation should be maintained since it resulted in economic stability and improved financial sector credibility. It is therefore still premature to de-dollarise the economy until a sufficient level of credibility is gained by the central bank.
Michael Takudzwa Pasara; Rufaro Garidzirai. The Boomerang Effects: An Analysis of the Pre and Post Dollarisation Era in Zimbabwe. Economies 2020, 8, 32 .
AMA StyleMichael Takudzwa Pasara, Rufaro Garidzirai. The Boomerang Effects: An Analysis of the Pre and Post Dollarisation Era in Zimbabwe. Economies. 2020; 8 (2):32.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichael Takudzwa Pasara; Rufaro Garidzirai. 2020. "The Boomerang Effects: An Analysis of the Pre and Post Dollarisation Era in Zimbabwe." Economies 8, no. 2: 32.
Stagnant economic growth, decreasing investment and high unemployment remain consistent macroeconomic challenges for South Africa. Gross Capital formation (GCF) is designed to improve employment and economic growth (GDP). This study investigates the causality effects of the three variables using time series data from 1980 to 2018 in a Vector Autoregressive (VAR) framework. Results of the first model reveal a positive long-term relationship between gross capital formation GCF and economic growth GDP. Contrariwise, the first model indicates that unemployment (UNEMP) does not influence economic growth (GDP) in the short run. The second model results reveal a significant and positive relationship between UNEMP and GCF, while the third model shows an inverse relationship between GDP and UNEMP. Based on these findings, the study therefore recommends that fiscal authorities introduce expansionary fiscal policy that stimulates economic growth, investment and employment.
Michael Takudzwa Pasara; Rufaro Garidzirai. Causality Effects among Gross Capital Formation, Unemployment and Economic Growth in South Africa. Economies 2020, 8, 26 .
AMA StyleMichael Takudzwa Pasara, Rufaro Garidzirai. Causality Effects among Gross Capital Formation, Unemployment and Economic Growth in South Africa. Economies. 2020; 8 (2):26.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichael Takudzwa Pasara; Rufaro Garidzirai. 2020. "Causality Effects among Gross Capital Formation, Unemployment and Economic Growth in South Africa." Economies 8, no. 2: 26.
The signing of the African Continental Free Trade Agreement (AfCFTA) has stimulated a lot of trade potential in Africa that could see the continent significantly improving its intra-trade levels, thereby boosting the economic welfare of Africans. In light of food security sustainability in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) region, this paper employed the World Integrated Trade Solution, Software for Market Analysis and Restrictions on Trade (WITS-SMART) simulation model to assess the potential effects of the AfCFTA on trade in cereals. Cereals have been regarded as the most critical component of food security. The model indicated trading partners for each of the 15 SADC countries, their level of trade creation, trade diversion, consumer surplus, welfare and revenue effects of any regional trade agreement. The results indicated that the AfCFTA will only lead to positive outcomes in four (Angola, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Madagascar and Namibia) of the fifteen SADC countries, with the rest remaining unchanged. In general, previously closed economies, that is, economies which were not part of a free trade agreement (FTA) or a deeper arrangement will stand to gain more than open economies because they are already opened up at the free trade level, which is equivalent to the AfCFTA. Thus, as far as cereals and food security is concerned, the AfCFTA will add minimal value. However, the overall value gains are likely to be greater when all food categories are included in the simulations. In general, the study recommends that African countries should deepen their integration levels to perhaps common markets where production factors, that is, labour and capital, become mobile. This will have multiplier effects in improving continental food security sustainability from a trade perspective.
Michael Takudzwa Pasara; Nolutho Diko. The Effects of AfCFTA on Food Security Sustainability: An Analysis of the Cereals Trade in the SADC Region. Sustainability 2020, 12, 1419 .
AMA StyleMichael Takudzwa Pasara, Nolutho Diko. The Effects of AfCFTA on Food Security Sustainability: An Analysis of the Cereals Trade in the SADC Region. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (4):1419.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichael Takudzwa Pasara; Nolutho Diko. 2020. "The Effects of AfCFTA on Food Security Sustainability: An Analysis of the Cereals Trade in the SADC Region." Sustainability 12, no. 4: 1419.
This study investigated the causality among education, health, and economic growth in Zimbabwe. Causality effects are a thinly explored area in literature, with most studies focusing on bidirectional relationships. Granger causality tests were employed in a Vector autoregressive (VAR) model. Results showed that education Granger causes health improvements, with health improvements in turn fairly associating to Granger cause economic growth in Zimbabwe. Thus, the effect of education on economic growth is not direct, but works through improved health, pointing to the conclusion that health is a transmission mechanism through which education drives economic growth. No feedback effect was established from health to education and from economic growth to education and health. Thus, results suggest the need for a holistic policy approach which integrates education and health policies in a bid to drive economic growth, since education has no effect on economic growth in its own domain, but through health.
Michael Takudzwa Pasara; Tapiwa Kelvin Mutambirwa; Nolutho Diko. The Trivariate Causality among Education, Health, and Economic Growth in Zimbabwe. Sustainability 2020, 12, 1357 .
AMA StyleMichael Takudzwa Pasara, Tapiwa Kelvin Mutambirwa, Nolutho Diko. The Trivariate Causality among Education, Health, and Economic Growth in Zimbabwe. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (4):1357.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichael Takudzwa Pasara; Tapiwa Kelvin Mutambirwa; Nolutho Diko. 2020. "The Trivariate Causality among Education, Health, and Economic Growth in Zimbabwe." Sustainability 12, no. 4: 1357.
African governments signed the largest trade agreement, the Continental Free Trade Agreement in 2018 in order to boost intra-trade thereby improving economic welfare of African citizens. This paper provides an overview of the obstacles to the African economic integration process experienced in the past and the possible solutions. The paper discussed the theoretical postulations and empirically reviewed some African experiences. Some theoretical aspects included not only the traditional international trade theories but also other non-orthodox theories such as organizational theories which include intergovernmentalism, neofunctionalism and neorealism. Empirically, Africa’s economic integration challenges range from economic such as polarization of benefits towards larger economies at the expense of smaller economies, an unclear model of distributing welfare gains (or losses), traditional trade models which do not stimulate intra-African trade, several non-tariff and institutional barriers among other factors. Other challenges include lack of political will to implement signed trade contracts and political instability in some economic regions which results in small and fragmented markets. The paper also discussed the legal challenges such as lack of standardization on products and procedures which result in subjectivity in interpretation of trade instruments. The paper made recommendations to each identified challenge in order to make the CFTA more effective.
Michael Takudzwa Pasara. An overview of the obstacles to the African economic integration process in view of the African continental free trade area. Africa Review 2019, 12, 1 -17.
AMA StyleMichael Takudzwa Pasara. An overview of the obstacles to the African economic integration process in view of the African continental free trade area. Africa Review. 2019; 12 (1):1-17.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichael Takudzwa Pasara. 2019. "An overview of the obstacles to the African economic integration process in view of the African continental free trade area." Africa Review 12, no. 1: 1-17.
Michael Takudzwa Pasara; Steven Henry Dunga. The welfare effects of economic integration in the tripartite free trade area. African Journal of Business and Economic Research 2019, 14, 49 -67.
AMA StyleMichael Takudzwa Pasara, Steven Henry Dunga. The welfare effects of economic integration in the tripartite free trade area. African Journal of Business and Economic Research. 2019; 14 (1):49-67.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichael Takudzwa Pasara; Steven Henry Dunga. 2019. "The welfare effects of economic integration in the tripartite free trade area." African Journal of Business and Economic Research 14, no. 1: 49-67.