Acute appendicitis (AA) (OMIM: 107700) is an inflammatory disease which is characterized by appendiceal inflammation. Genetic and environmental factors contribute to the development of AA. Especially, multiple genetic factors appear to be promising in the explanation of etiopathogenesis of AA. IL-6 (Interleukin-6) is an inflammatory cytokine and IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) plays an important role in the immune response. IL-6 (-572G/C rs1800796) and IL-6R (1:G.154448302 T > C rs7529229) gene polymorphisms may have an impact on cytokine production, immune response and these gene polymorphisms may be used as inflammatory markers in the diagnosis of appendicitis. A total of 75 children with appendicitis, and 75 healthy children were included in the study. DNA extracts were obtained from peripheral lymphocytes. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were analysed using an automated SYBR® Green RT-PCR system in pediatric patients with appendicitis (n = 75) and healthy controls (n = 75). The allele and genotype frequencies for IL-6 rs1800796 and IL-6R rs7529229 polymorphisms were not different between the study groups (p > 0.05). Any statistically significant differences as for age, sex and other laboratory factors were not detected between the patients with appendicitis for genotype-allele frequencies (p > 0.05). Still in analyses performed to determine correlations among age, and gender of the patients, routine laboratory parameters and allele-genotype frequencies, a statistically significant intergroup difference was not detected. Genotype and allele frequencies were consistent with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) in all groups. This is the first study to investigate the effects of functional two polymorphisms on IL-6 and IL-6R genes in a pediatric patient group with AA risk. With this study we investigated the contribution of IL-6 (-572G/C rs1800796) and IL-6R (1:G.154448302 T > C rs7529229) polymorphisms on pathogenesis, and severity of AA in pediatric patients with AA: These results will guide further genetic researches to be performed on the role of IL-6 and IL-6R in AA. Given the putative biological importance of this SNPs, these emerging data can provide a new foundation to stimulate future debate and genetic investigations of AA, focusing on new molecular mechanisms such as other IL gene polymorphisms, particularly in accessible peripheral tissues for novel molecular diagnostics for appendicitis.

Obesity is a growing global public health concern, with its prevalence rapidly increasing in Turkey, leading to severe consequences. Genetic factors, particularly mutations in structural genes and microRNAs (miRNAs) involved in gene expression regulation have been widely investigated in obesity research. This study aimed to explore the role of obesity-associated miRNAs and their potential interaction with vascular response alterations. A total of 60 obese and pre-obese patients and 26 age- and sex-matched healthy controls from the General Surgery Department of Fırat University Medicine School were included. The expression levels of 93 miRNAs were analyzed in 86 samples using the Fluidigm Biomark RT-PCR system, with 5S RNA as the housekeeping gene. Significant differences were observed in weight, BMI, cholesterol, triglyceride levels, and lymphocyte counts between the groups (p < 0.0001). Several miRNAs, including hsa-miR-148a-3p, hsa-miR-503-3p, hsa-miR-34a-5p, and hsa-miR-199a-3p, were significantly downregulated in obese patients. Additionally, gender-specific differences in miRNA expression were identified. These findings indicate that miRNAs play a crucial role in obesity pathophysiology and could serve as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for obesity treatment.

Atherosclerosis is a complex multifactorial and polygenic disorder resulting from endothelial dysfunction and excessive inflammatory response to various forms of injurious stimuli to the arterial wall. In this study, researchers aimed to investigate endothelin-1 (Lys198Asn and rs10478694) polymorphisms which are supposed to play roles in atherothrombotic process. Study group included 100 patients who had coronary artery bypass operation (CABG) without any history of a myocardial infarction with ST elevation (Group 1), and 80 patients who had a CABG operation after a myocardial infarction with ST elevation (Group 2). The control group consisted of 80 healthy people without coronary artery disease. Endothelin-1 gene polymorphisms of the subjects were determined by real time polymerase chain reaction method. Comparison of study groups, Groups 1 and 2, and control group (Group 3) did not show any statistically significant differences for endothelin-1 gene polymorphisms (p>0.05).The polymorphisms endothelin-1 gene which is thought to play a role in atherothrombotic process, were not supposed as risk factors in CABG patients. Studies on different polymorphisms of endothelin-1 gene may be beneficial.

Objectives Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained arrhythmia. AF is a serious health problem since it causes discomfort, heart failures and strokes in patients. This study aims to identify the possible role of eNOS G894T polymorphisms in AF incidents. Methods 73 individuals were included in the study with age average of 63.47 ± 9.10 who received EKG (electrocardiogram) at Elazig Training and Research Hospital Cardiology Department. 92 individuals with age average of 60.71 ± 9.14 who were confirmed to have no heart condition were included in the study as control group. The genomic DNAs of Control and AF groups were isolated from full blood. eNOS G894T polymorphism was detected with a real-time PZR device using kits. This study was conducted between the 2018 march and December. ethics committee university ethics committee 04/09/2018 Received with the management number 279476. This study was conducted between September and December 2018. It was received with the letter of the Ethics Committee of Fırat University Ethics Committee dated 04/09/2018 and numbered 279476. Results The significance of hypertension between AF patient and control groups was detected (p < 0,023), yet no significance was detected between diabetes, smoking and body mass index ((p > 0,004). Significant difference was observed between control group and AF group regarding eNOS G894T polymorphism (p < 0.0001). Conclusions As a result, it is concluded that variants of eNOS G894 T can be considered as a risk factor for AF.

Bu çalışma, B7 Elazığ karesinde doğal olarak yetişen Centaurea, Psephellus ve Cyanus cinslerine ait toplam 28 taksonun palinolojik özelliklerini ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Araştırma kapsamında her taksonun polen morfolojisine ilişkin detaylı ölçümler yapılmış, karakteristik özellikleri belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen veriler doğrultusunda B7 karesine ait bazı türlerin bölge için ilk kayıt olduğu saptanmıştır. Özellikle normalde C5 (Adana-Hatay) karesinde yayılış gösteren ve endemik bir tür olan Centaurea antitauri, bu çalışmayla B7 Elazığ karesinden ilk kez rapor edilmiştir. Benzer şekilde Centaurea carduiformis türünün iki varyetesi olan C. carduiformis subsp. carduiformis var. thrincifolia ve C. carduiformis subsp. carduiformis var. carduiformis de Elazığ için yeni kayıtlardır. Polen incelemelerinde, polenlerin genel olarak radyal simetrili, izopolar ve trikolporat yapıda olduğu; şekil olarak küresel görünümlü olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ortalama polar eksen uzunluğu 27.27 μm, ekvatoryal eksen uzunluğu 26.25 μm olarak ölçülmüştür. Polar görünümde sirküler çap 26.04 μm’dir. Apokolpiyumlar geniş ve sınırları belirgindir. Kolpus uçları arasındaki mesafe ortalama 7.10 μm’dir. Kolpuslar uzun, geniş ve uçları sivridir (Clg: 20.56 μm, Clt: 9.88 μm). Porlar belirgin, sınırları düzenlidir (Plg: 8.71 μm, Plt: 9.88 μm) ve por genişliği kolpus genişliğine eşittir. Ekzin kalınlığı ortalama 2.45 μm’dir. Polen yüzeyi skabrat (pürüzlü) tipte olup, spinüller genellikle 1 μm’den küçüktür. İnce yapılı intin tabakası ise yaklaşık 0.88 μm kalınlığındadır. Çalışmada elde edilen polen morfolojik verileri detaylı çizelgeler halinde sunulmuştur.

Aim: Interleukin 28B (IL28B) gene polymorphism may play a role in hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection prognosis. We investigated the effects of IL28B gene polymorphism on viral clearance and viral load in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients.Material and Methods: We included 146 individuals who applied to our center between October 2011 and October 2012. CHB (N=117) and control (N=29) groups were compared in terms of IL28B gene rs12979860, rs12980275 gene region polymorphisms, and IL28B gene expression (mRNA) levels.Results: There was no statistically significant difference between groups in terms of rs12979860 gene region polymorphism rates (χ2=0.36, p=0.835). But there was a significant association between groups in terms of rs12980275. In the CHB group, the A/A genotype was much more, (χ2=55.2, p<0.001), G/A and G/G genotypes were less frequent. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of IL28B expression levels.Conclusion: This study revealed the genotype profile of the IL28B gene of our region. It is the first study on this subject in our region. The association between CHB and rs12980275 polymorphism may be important. Our results will contribute to future studies.