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Xue Yang
JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China

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Preprint content
Published: 17 August 2021
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BACKGROUND Neurocognitive impairment are prevalent among older people. It is more problematic among older people living with HIV (PLWH). This study was to explore whether the association between HIV sero-status and neurocognitive performance was mediated by depressive symptoms and/or level of physical activity. OBJECTIVE Neurocognitive impairment are prevalent among older people in China. It is more problematic among older people living with HIV (PLWH). This study was to compare neurocognitive performance between older PLWH and HIV-negative controls, and to explore whether the association between HIV sero-status and neurocognitive performance was mediated by depressive symptoms and/or level of physical activity. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in Yongzhou, China. All PLWH aged ≥50 years listed in the registry were invited. Frequency matching was used to sample HIV-negative controls according to the distribution of age, sex, and years of formal education of older PLWH. A total of 315 older PLWH and 350 HIV-negative controls completed the face-to-face interview and comprehensive neuropsychological assessment of seven domains (learning, memory, working memory, verbal fluency, processing speed, executive function and motor skills). RESULTS As compared to HIV-negative controls, older PLWH performed worse in global score and all seven domains (P<.05). Positive HIV sero-status was associated with higher depressive symptoms (P<.001) and lower level of physical activity (P<.001). Depressive symptoms and physical activity were negatively correlated (P<.001). Depressive symptoms and/or level of physical activity mediated the association between HIV sero-status and global score and four domain-specific neurocognitive performance (learning, memory, verbal fluency, and processing speed). CONCLUSIONS Change in mental health and physical activity after HIV infection may partially explain why older PLWH are more susceptible to neurocognitive impairment. Promoting mental health and physical activity are potential entry points to slow down the progress of neurocognitive impairment among older PLWH.

ACS Style

Pei Qin; Jianmei He; Xue Yang; Siyu Chen; Xi Chen; Hui Jiang; Ada Wai Tung Fung; Joseph T.F. Lau; Zixin Wang. Depressive symptoms and level of physical activity mediate the associations between HIV sero-status and neurocognitive functions among individuals aged at least 50 years in China (Preprint). 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Pei Qin, Jianmei He, Xue Yang, Siyu Chen, Xi Chen, Hui Jiang, Ada Wai Tung Fung, Joseph T.F. Lau, Zixin Wang. Depressive symptoms and level of physical activity mediate the associations between HIV sero-status and neurocognitive functions among individuals aged at least 50 years in China (Preprint). . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pei Qin; Jianmei He; Xue Yang; Siyu Chen; Xi Chen; Hui Jiang; Ada Wai Tung Fung; Joseph T.F. Lau; Zixin Wang. 2021. "Depressive symptoms and level of physical activity mediate the associations between HIV sero-status and neurocognitive functions among individuals aged at least 50 years in China (Preprint)." , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 25 May 2021 in JMIR Public Health and Surveillance
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Background Social media has become a ubiquitous part of daily life during the COVID-19 pandemic isolation. However, the role of social media use in depression and suicidal ideation of the general public remains unclear. Related empirical studies were limited and reported inconsistent findings. Little is known about the potential underlying mechanisms that may illustrate the relationship between social media use and depression and suicidal ideation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Objective This study tested the mediation effects of social loneliness and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms on the relationship between social media use and depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation, as well as the moderation effect of age on the mediation models. Methods We administered a population-based random telephone survey in May and June 2020, when infection control measures were being vigorously implemented in Hong Kong. A total of 1070 adults (658 social media users and 412 nonusers) completed the survey. Structural equation modeling (SEM) and multigroup SEM were conducted to test the mediation and moderation effects. Results The weighted prevalence of probable depression was 11.6%; 1.6% had suicidal ideation in the past 2 weeks. Both moderated mediation models of depressive symptoms (χ262=335.3; P<.05; comparative fit index [CFI]=0.94; nonnormed fit index [NNFI]=0.92; root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA]=0.06) and suicidal ideation (χ234=50.8; P<.05; CFI=0.99; NNFI=0.99; RMSEA=0.02) showed acceptable model fit. There was a significantly negative direct effect of social media use on depressive symptoms among older people (β=–.07; P=.04) but not among younger people (β=.04; P=.55). The indirect effect via PTSD symptoms was significantly positive among both younger people (β=.09; P=.02) and older people (β=.10; P=.01). The indirect effect via social loneliness was significant among older people (β=–.01; P=.04) but not among younger people (β=.01; P=.31). The direct effect of social media use on suicidal ideation was not statistically significant in either age group (P>.05). The indirect effects via PTSD symptoms were statistically significant among younger people (β=.02; P=.04) and older people (β=.03; P=.01). Social loneliness was not a significant mediator between social media use and suicidal ideation among either age group (P>.05). Conclusions Social media may be a “double-edged sword” for psychosocial well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic, and its roles vary across age groups. The mediators identified in this study can be addressed by psychological interventions to prevent severe mental health problems during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.

ACS Style

Xue Yang; Benjamin H K Yip; Arthur D P Mak; Dexing Zhang; Eric K P Lee; Samuel Y S Wong. The Differential Effects of Social Media on Depressive Symptoms and Suicidal Ideation Among the Younger and Older Adult Population in Hong Kong During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Population-Based Cross-sectional Survey Study. JMIR Public Health and Surveillance 2021, 7, e24623 .

AMA Style

Xue Yang, Benjamin H K Yip, Arthur D P Mak, Dexing Zhang, Eric K P Lee, Samuel Y S Wong. The Differential Effects of Social Media on Depressive Symptoms and Suicidal Ideation Among the Younger and Older Adult Population in Hong Kong During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Population-Based Cross-sectional Survey Study. JMIR Public Health and Surveillance. 2021; 7 (5):e24623.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xue Yang; Benjamin H K Yip; Arthur D P Mak; Dexing Zhang; Eric K P Lee; Samuel Y S Wong. 2021. "The Differential Effects of Social Media on Depressive Symptoms and Suicidal Ideation Among the Younger and Older Adult Population in Hong Kong During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Population-Based Cross-sectional Survey Study." JMIR Public Health and Surveillance 7, no. 5: e24623.

Journal article
Published: 14 May 2021 in BMC Psychiatry
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Background The current study aims to track the changes in the levels of smart phone addiction (SPA) and depressive symptoms between pre and during COVID-19 and potential risk factors of among Chinese college students in a four-wave longitudinal study. Methods The participants were recruited from a Chinese university (n = 195; 58.5% females). The first three-wave surveys were conducted before COVID-19 (during December of Year 1, June of Year 1, and December of Year 2 of their college study; Time 1, Time 2, Time 3), while the fourth survey (Time 4; during June of Year 2 of their college study) was conducted in June 2020 during COVID-19. COVID-19-related factors, including quarantine, lockdown, boredom, emotional loneliness, and social loneliness, were investigated. Results The results showed a significant increase in the levels of depressive symptoms and prevalence of probable depression during COVID-19 (69.2%) compared to those 18 months, 12 months and 6 months before COVID-19 (41.5, 45.6, 48.2%) but non-significant changes in SPA. Boredom and emotional loneliness were positively associated with both SPA and depressive symptoms during COVID-19. Social loneliness was also positively associated with depressive symptoms during COVID-19. Quarantine and lockdown were not significantly associated with SPA or depressive symptoms. Discussion and conclusions The results highlight that the study population may be a high risk group of probable depression. Future studies should continue to track these mental and behavioral status with the progression of the epidemic. The identified emotional factors could be used to reduce depressive symptoms during COVID-19 and prevent the potential risk of SPA.

ACS Style

Xue Yang; Huahua Hu; Chengjia Zhao; Huihui Xu; Xiaolian Tu; Guohua Zhang. A longitudinal study of changes in smart phone addiction and depressive symptoms and potential risk factors among Chinese college students. BMC Psychiatry 2021, 21, 1 -9.

AMA Style

Xue Yang, Huahua Hu, Chengjia Zhao, Huihui Xu, Xiaolian Tu, Guohua Zhang. A longitudinal study of changes in smart phone addiction and depressive symptoms and potential risk factors among Chinese college students. BMC Psychiatry. 2021; 21 (1):1-9.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xue Yang; Huahua Hu; Chengjia Zhao; Huihui Xu; Xiaolian Tu; Guohua Zhang. 2021. "A longitudinal study of changes in smart phone addiction and depressive symptoms and potential risk factors among Chinese college students." BMC Psychiatry 21, no. 1: 1-9.

Journal article
Published: 10 May 2021 in Psychological Assessment
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Savannah M. Krantz; Xue Yang; Jessica King; Betsy D. Kennard; Graham J. Emslie; Sunita M. Stewart. Validation of Fearlessness about Death Scale in adolescents. Psychological Assessment 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Savannah M. Krantz, Xue Yang, Jessica King, Betsy D. Kennard, Graham J. Emslie, Sunita M. Stewart. Validation of Fearlessness about Death Scale in adolescents. Psychological Assessment. 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Savannah M. Krantz; Xue Yang; Jessica King; Betsy D. Kennard; Graham J. Emslie; Sunita M. Stewart. 2021. "Validation of Fearlessness about Death Scale in adolescents." Psychological Assessment , no. : 1.

Original research
Published: 01 May 2021 in Psychology Research and Behavior Management
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Purpose: Recent research has identified a relationship between perceived stress and problematic smartphone usage. However, little is known about the underlying mediating and moderating mechanisms. The present study aimed to test the relationship between perceived stress and problematic smartphone usage as well as the mediating role of online social support and the moderating role of perceived social support among Chinese undergraduates. Patients and Methods: A sample of 1123 college students participated in the study. The Perceived Stress Scale, Mobile Phone Addiction Index Scale, Online Social Support Questionnaire, and Perceived Social Support Scale were used. Results: Perceived stress was significantly and positively associated with problematic smartphone usage, and online social support partially mediated the relationship between perceived stress and problematic smartphone usage. Moderated mediation analysis suggested that perceived social support moderated the association between perceived stress and online social support. This relationship became stronger for college students with lower levels of perceived social support. Conclusion: The results of this study can contribute to a better understanding of how perceived stress increases the risk of problematic smartphone usage. The importance of reducing online social support and enhancing perceived social support in preventing undergraduates’ problematic smartphone usage is highlighted. The findings should be taken with caution given the convenience sampling and cross-sectional study design.

ACS Style

Chengjia Zhao; Huihui Xu; Xinyi Lai; Xue Yang; Xiaolian Tu; Nani Ding; Yijun Lv; Guohua Zhang. Effects of Online Social Support and Perceived Social Support on the Relationship Between Perceived Stress and Problematic Smartphone Usage Among Chinese Undergraduates. Psychology Research and Behavior Management 2021, ume 14, 529 -539.

AMA Style

Chengjia Zhao, Huihui Xu, Xinyi Lai, Xue Yang, Xiaolian Tu, Nani Ding, Yijun Lv, Guohua Zhang. Effects of Online Social Support and Perceived Social Support on the Relationship Between Perceived Stress and Problematic Smartphone Usage Among Chinese Undergraduates. Psychology Research and Behavior Management. 2021; ume 14 ():529-539.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chengjia Zhao; Huihui Xu; Xinyi Lai; Xue Yang; Xiaolian Tu; Nani Ding; Yijun Lv; Guohua Zhang. 2021. "Effects of Online Social Support and Perceived Social Support on the Relationship Between Perceived Stress and Problematic Smartphone Usage Among Chinese Undergraduates." Psychology Research and Behavior Management ume 14, no. : 529-539.

Preprint content
Published: 08 April 2021
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UNSTRUCTURED Recent studies have highlighted mobile phone addiction (MPA) as a potential risk of suicidal ideation. However, the mechanisms underlying that association require attention. This investigation examines whether the relationship between MPA and suicidal ideation would be mediated by depression, and buffered by online social support (OSS) in university students. A total of 1,042 Chinese university students completed the questionnaire including the measures of mobile phone addiction, depression, suicidal ideation, OSS in classroom settings. Results revealed that (a) MPA was positively associated with suicidal ideation through depression; (b) OSS moderated the association between depression and suicidal ideation. Specifically, the effect of depression on suicidal ideation was weaker in individuals with high (versus low) OSS. The influence of MPA on suicidal ideation was non-significant among individuals with high OSS but negatively significant among students with low OSS. The results enrich the understanding of how MPA may increase suicidal ideation, and highlight the potential importance of reducing depression and enhancing OSS to prevent suicidal ideation in university students.

ACS Style

Huahua Hu; Xue Yang; Phoenix Mo; Chengjia Zhao; Beibei Kuang; Guohua Zhang. How mobile phone addiction is associated with suicidal ideation? The mediation role of depression and moderation role of online social support (Preprint). 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Huahua Hu, Xue Yang, Phoenix Mo, Chengjia Zhao, Beibei Kuang, Guohua Zhang. How mobile phone addiction is associated with suicidal ideation? The mediation role of depression and moderation role of online social support (Preprint). . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Huahua Hu; Xue Yang; Phoenix Mo; Chengjia Zhao; Beibei Kuang; Guohua Zhang. 2021. "How mobile phone addiction is associated with suicidal ideation? The mediation role of depression and moderation role of online social support (Preprint)." , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 11 February 2021 in JMIR Mental Health
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Background Mental health problems are prevalent among pregnant women, and it is expected that their mental health will worsen during the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, the underutilization of mental health services among pregnant women has been widely documented. Objective We aimed to identify factors that are associated with pregnant women’s intentions to seek mental health services. We specifically assessed pregnant women who were at risk of mental health problems in mainland China. Methods A web-based survey was conducted from February to March, 2020 among 19,515 pregnant women who were recruited from maternal health care centers across various regions of China. A subsample of 6248 pregnant women with probable depression (ie, those with a score of ≥10 on the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire) or anxiety (ie, those with a score of ≥5 on the 7-item General Anxiety Disorder Scale) was included in our analysis. Results More than half (3292/6248, 52.7%) of the participants reported that they did not need mental health services. Furthermore, 28.3% (1770/6248) of participants felt that they needed mental health services, but had no intentions of seeking help, and only 19% (1186/6248) felt that they needed mental health services and had intentions of seek help. The results from our multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age, education level, and gestational age were factors of not seeking help. However, COVID-19–related lockdowns in participants’ cities of residence, social support during the COVID-19 pandemic, and trust in health care providers were protective factors of participants’ intentions to seek help from mental health services. Conclusions Interventions that promote seeking help for mental health problems among pregnant women should also promote social support from health care providers and trust between pregnant women and their care providers.

ACS Style

Qian Wang; Bo Song; Jiangli Di; Xue Yang; Anise Wu; Joseph Lau; Meiqi Xin; Linhong Wang; Phoenix Kit-Han Mo. Intentions to Seek Mental Health Services During the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Chinese Pregnant Women With Probable Depression or Anxiety: Cross-sectional, Web-Based Survey Study. JMIR Mental Health 2021, 8, e24162 .

AMA Style

Qian Wang, Bo Song, Jiangli Di, Xue Yang, Anise Wu, Joseph Lau, Meiqi Xin, Linhong Wang, Phoenix Kit-Han Mo. Intentions to Seek Mental Health Services During the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Chinese Pregnant Women With Probable Depression or Anxiety: Cross-sectional, Web-Based Survey Study. JMIR Mental Health. 2021; 8 (2):e24162.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Qian Wang; Bo Song; Jiangli Di; Xue Yang; Anise Wu; Joseph Lau; Meiqi Xin; Linhong Wang; Phoenix Kit-Han Mo. 2021. "Intentions to Seek Mental Health Services During the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Chinese Pregnant Women With Probable Depression or Anxiety: Cross-sectional, Web-Based Survey Study." JMIR Mental Health 8, no. 2: e24162.

Journal article
Published: 22 January 2021 in Journal of Medical Internet Research
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Background Although lockdown and mandatory quarantine measures have played crucial roles in the sharp decrease of the number of newly confirmed/suspected COVID-19 cases, concerns have been raised over the threat that these measures pose to mental health, especially the mental health of vulnerable groups, including pregnant women. Few empirical studies have assessed whether and how these control measures may affect mental health, and no study has investigated the prevalence and impacts of the use of eHealth resources among pregnant women during the COVID-19 outbreak. Objective This study investigated (1) the effects of lockdown and mandatory quarantine on mental health problems (ie, anxiety and depressive symptoms), (2) the potential mediation effects of perceived social support and maladaptive cognition, and (3) the moderation effects of eHealth-related factors (ie, using social media to obtain health information and using prenatal care services during the COVID-19 pandemic) on pregnant women in China. Methods An online cross-sectional survey was conducted among 19,515 pregnant women from all 34 Chinese provincial-level administrative regions from February 25 to March 10, 2020. Results Of the 19,515 participants, 12,209 (62.6%) were subjected to lockdown in their areas of residence, 737 (3.8%) were subjected to mandatory quarantine, 8712 (44.6%) had probable mild to severe depression, 5696 (29.2%) had probable mild to severe anxiety, and 1442 (7.4%) had suicidal ideations. Only 640 (3.3%) participants reported that they used online prenatal care services during the outbreak. Significant sociodemographic/maternal factors of anxiety/depressive symptoms included age, education, occupation, the area of residence, gestational duration, the number of children born, complication during pregnancy, the means of using prenatal care services, and social media use for obtaining health information. Multiple indicators multiple causes modeling (χ214=495.21; P<.05; comparative fit index=.99; nonnormed fit index=.98; root mean square error of approximation=.04, 90% CI 0.038-0.045) showed that quarantine was directly and indirectly strongly associated with poor mental health through decreased perceived social support and increased maladaptive cognition (B=.04; β=.02, 95% CI 0.01-0.02; P=.001), while lockdown was indirectly associated with mental health through increased social support and maladaptive cognition among pregnant women (B=.03; β=.03, 95% CI 0.02-0.03; P=.001). Multigroup analyses revealed that the use of social media for obtaining health information and the means of using prenatal care services were significant moderators of the model paths. Conclusions Our findings provide epidemiological evidence for the importance of integrating mental health care and eHealth into the planning and implementation of control measure policies. The observed social and cognitive mechanisms and moderators in this study are modifiable, and they can inform the design of evidence-based mental health promotion among pregnant women.

ACS Style

Xue Yang; Bo Song; Anise Wu; Phoenix K H Mo; Jiangli Di; Qian Wang; Joseph T F Lau; Linhong Wang. Social, Cognitive, and eHealth Mechanisms of COVID-19–Related Lockdown and Mandatory Quarantine That Potentially Affect the Mental Health of Pregnant Women in China: Cross-Sectional Survey Study. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2021, 23, e24495 .

AMA Style

Xue Yang, Bo Song, Anise Wu, Phoenix K H Mo, Jiangli Di, Qian Wang, Joseph T F Lau, Linhong Wang. Social, Cognitive, and eHealth Mechanisms of COVID-19–Related Lockdown and Mandatory Quarantine That Potentially Affect the Mental Health of Pregnant Women in China: Cross-Sectional Survey Study. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2021; 23 (1):e24495.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xue Yang; Bo Song; Anise Wu; Phoenix K H Mo; Jiangli Di; Qian Wang; Joseph T F Lau; Linhong Wang. 2021. "Social, Cognitive, and eHealth Mechanisms of COVID-19–Related Lockdown and Mandatory Quarantine That Potentially Affect the Mental Health of Pregnant Women in China: Cross-Sectional Survey Study." Journal of Medical Internet Research 23, no. 1: e24495.

Journal article
Published: 25 December 2020 in Children and Youth Services Review
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This study aims to investigate the proportion and potential risk factors of Internet gaming disorder (IGD), including socio-demographic (sex, age, and grade), anthropometric (BMI, height, and weight), and cognitive (body esteem, self-esteem, preference for online social interaction (POSI), and player-avatar identification (PAI)) correlates, in a sample of Chinese children. The participants comprised of 201 primary school students (55.2% boys), aged 10.9 (SD = 1.2) years on average. They completed a self-report questionnaire assessing the abovementioned variables. In our sample, 14.6% were classified as having IGD. Boys had significantly higher IGD risk than girls. Self-esteem (ORu = 0.93), POSI (ORu = 1.09; ORa = 1.07; ORm = 1.07), feelings during play subscale (ORu = 1.17; ORa = 1.16; ORm = 1.15), absorption during play subscale (ORu = 1.16; ORa = 1.13; ORm = 1.14), and importance of the avatar to one’s self-identity subscale of PAI (ORu = 1.20; ORa = 1.18; ORm = 1.18) were significantly associated with the risk of IGD. The findings lend preliminary empirical support for the links between cognitive factors and IGD among children, which merit further investigations and may inform prevention and intervention of IGD in this population.

ACS Style

Xue Yang; Bishan Huang; Kei Man Wong. Prevalence and socio-demographic, anthropometric, and cognitive correlates of internet gaming disorder among children in China. Children and Youth Services Review 2020, 122, 105893 .

AMA Style

Xue Yang, Bishan Huang, Kei Man Wong. Prevalence and socio-demographic, anthropometric, and cognitive correlates of internet gaming disorder among children in China. Children and Youth Services Review. 2020; 122 ():105893.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xue Yang; Bishan Huang; Kei Man Wong. 2020. "Prevalence and socio-demographic, anthropometric, and cognitive correlates of internet gaming disorder among children in China." Children and Youth Services Review 122, no. : 105893.

Preprint content
Published: 28 September 2020
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BACKGROUND Social media has become a ubiquitous part of daily life during the COVID-19 pandemic isolation. However, the role of social media use in depression and suicidal ideation of the general public remains unclear. Related empirical studies were limited and reported inconsistent findings. Little is known about the potential underlying mechanisms that may illustrate the relationship between social media use and depression and suicidal ideation during the COVID-19 pandemic. OBJECTIVE This study tested the mediation effects of social loneliness and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms on the relationship between social media use and depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation, as well as the moderation effect of age on the mediation models. METHODS We administered a population-based random telephone survey in May and June 2020, when infection control measures were being vigorously implemented in Hong Kong. A total of 1070 adults (658 social media users and 412 nonusers) completed the survey. Structural equation modeling (SEM) and multigroup SEM were conducted to test the mediation and moderation effects. RESULTS The weighted prevalence of probable depression was 11.6%; 1.6% had suicidal ideation in the past 2 weeks. Both moderated mediation models of depressive symptoms (χ262=335.3; P<.05; comparative fit index [CFI]=0.94; nonnormed fit index [NNFI]=0.92; root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA]=0.06) and suicidal ideation (χ234=50.8; P<.05; CFI=0.99; NNFI=0.99; RMSEA=0.02) showed acceptable model fit. There was a significantly negative direct effect of social media use on depressive symptoms among older people (β=–.07; P=.04) but not among younger people (β=.04; P=.55). The indirect effect via PTSD symptoms was significantly positive among both younger people (β=.09; P=.02) and older people (β=.10; P=.01). The indirect effect via social loneliness was significant among older people (β=–.01; P=.04) but not among younger people (β=.01; P=.31). The direct effect of social media use on suicidal ideation was not statistically significant in either age group (P>.05). The indirect effects via PTSD symptoms were statistically significant among younger people (β=.02; P=.04) and older people (β=.03; P=.01). Social loneliness was not a significant mediator between social media use and suicidal ideation among either age group (P>.05). CONCLUSIONS Social media may be a “double-edged sword” for psychosocial well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic, and its roles vary across age groups. The mediators identified in this study can be addressed by psychological interventions to prevent severe mental health problems during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.

ACS Style

Xue Yang; Benjamin H K Yip; Arthur D P Mak; Dexing Zhang; Eric K P Lee; Samuel Y S Wong. The Differential Effects of Social Media on Depressive Symptoms and Suicidal Ideation Among the Younger and Older Adult Population in Hong Kong During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Population-Based Cross-sectional Survey Study (Preprint). 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Xue Yang, Benjamin H K Yip, Arthur D P Mak, Dexing Zhang, Eric K P Lee, Samuel Y S Wong. The Differential Effects of Social Media on Depressive Symptoms and Suicidal Ideation Among the Younger and Older Adult Population in Hong Kong During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Population-Based Cross-sectional Survey Study (Preprint). . 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xue Yang; Benjamin H K Yip; Arthur D P Mak; Dexing Zhang; Eric K P Lee; Samuel Y S Wong. 2020. "The Differential Effects of Social Media on Depressive Symptoms and Suicidal Ideation Among the Younger and Older Adult Population in Hong Kong During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Population-Based Cross-sectional Survey Study (Preprint)." , no. : 1.

Preprint content
Published: 22 September 2020
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BACKGROUND Although lockdown and mandatory quarantine measures have played crucial roles in the sharp decrease of the number of newly confirmed/suspected COVID-19 cases, concerns have been raised over the threat that these measures pose to mental health, especially the mental health of vulnerable groups, including pregnant women. Few empirical studies have assessed whether and how these control measures may affect mental health, and no study has investigated the prevalence and impacts of the use of eHealth resources among pregnant women during the COVID-19 outbreak. OBJECTIVE This study investigated (1) the effects of lockdown and mandatory quarantine on mental health problems (ie, anxiety and depressive symptoms), (2) the potential mediation effects of perceived social support and maladaptive cognition, and (3) the moderation effects of eHealth-related factors (ie, using social media to obtain health information and using prenatal care services during the COVID-19 pandemic) on pregnant women in China. METHODS An online cross-sectional survey was conducted among 19,515 pregnant women from all 34 Chinese provincial-level administrative regions from February 25 to March 10, 2020. RESULTS Of the 19,515 participants, 12,209 (62.6%) were subjected to lockdown in their areas of residence, 737 (3.8%) were subjected to mandatory quarantine, 8712 (44.6%) had probable mild to severe depression, 5696 (29.2%) had probable mild to severe anxiety, and 1442 (7.4%) had suicidal ideations. Only 640 (3.3%) participants reported that they used online prenatal care services during the outbreak. Significant sociodemographic/maternal factors of anxiety/depressive symptoms included age, education, occupation, the area of residence, gestational duration, the number of children born, complication during pregnancy, the means of using prenatal care services, and social media use for obtaining health information. Multiple indicators multiple causes modeling (χ214=495.21; P<.05; comparative fit index=.99; nonnormed fit index=.98; root mean square error of approximation=.04, 90% CI 0.038-0.045) showed that quarantine was directly and indirectly strongly associated with poor mental health through decreased perceived social support and increased maladaptive cognition (B=.04; β=.02, 95% CI 0.01-0.02; P=.001), while lockdown was indirectly associated with mental health through increased social support and maladaptive cognition among pregnant women (B=.03; β=.03, 95% CI 0.02-0.03; P=.001). Multigroup analyses revealed that the use of social media for obtaining health information and the means of using prenatal care services were significant moderators of the model paths. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide epidemiological evidence for the importance of integrating mental health care and eHealth into the planning and implementation of control measure policies. The observed social and cognitive mechanisms and moderators in this study are modifiable, and they can inform the design of evidence-based mental health promotion among pregnant women.

ACS Style

Xue Yang; Bo Song; Anise Wu; Phoenix K H Mo; Jiangli Di; Qian Wang; Joseph T F Lau; Linhong Wang. Social, Cognitive, and eHealth Mechanisms of COVID-19–Related Lockdown and Mandatory Quarantine That Potentially Affect the Mental Health of Pregnant Women in China: Cross-Sectional Survey Study (Preprint). 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Xue Yang, Bo Song, Anise Wu, Phoenix K H Mo, Jiangli Di, Qian Wang, Joseph T F Lau, Linhong Wang. Social, Cognitive, and eHealth Mechanisms of COVID-19–Related Lockdown and Mandatory Quarantine That Potentially Affect the Mental Health of Pregnant Women in China: Cross-Sectional Survey Study (Preprint). . 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xue Yang; Bo Song; Anise Wu; Phoenix K H Mo; Jiangli Di; Qian Wang; Joseph T F Lau; Linhong Wang. 2020. "Social, Cognitive, and eHealth Mechanisms of COVID-19–Related Lockdown and Mandatory Quarantine That Potentially Affect the Mental Health of Pregnant Women in China: Cross-Sectional Survey Study (Preprint)." , no. : 1.

Preprint content
Published: 07 September 2020
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BACKGROUND Mental health problems are prevalent among pregnant women, and it is expected that their mental health will worsen during the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, the underutilization of mental health services among pregnant women has been widely documented. OBJECTIVE We aimed to identify factors that are associated with pregnant women’s intentions to seek mental health services. We specifically assessed pregnant women who were at risk of mental health problems in mainland China. METHODS A web-based survey was conducted from February to March, 2020 among 19,515 pregnant women who were recruited from maternal health care centers across various regions of China. A subsample of 6248 pregnant women with probable depression (ie, those with a score of ≥10 on the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire) or anxiety (ie, those with a score of ≥5 on the 7-item General Anxiety Disorder Scale) was included in our analysis. RESULTS More than half (3292/6248, 52.7%) of the participants reported that they did not need mental health services. Furthermore, 28.3% (1770/6248) of participants felt that they needed mental health services, but had no intentions of seeking help, and only 19% (1186/6248) felt that they needed mental health services and had intentions of seek help. The results from our multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age, education level, and gestational age were factors of not seeking help. However, COVID-19–related lockdowns in participants’ cities of residence, social support during the COVID-19 pandemic, and trust in health care providers were protective factors of participants’ intentions to seek help from mental health services. CONCLUSIONS Interventions that promote seeking help for mental health problems among pregnant women should also promote social support from health care providers and trust between pregnant women and their care providers.

ACS Style

Qian Wang; Bo Song; Jiangli Di; Xue Yang; Anise Wu; Joseph Lau; Meiqi Xin; Linhong Wang; Phoenix Kit-Han Mo. Intentions to Seek Mental Health Services During the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Chinese Pregnant Women With Probable Depression or Anxiety: Cross-sectional, Web-Based Survey Study (Preprint). 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Qian Wang, Bo Song, Jiangli Di, Xue Yang, Anise Wu, Joseph Lau, Meiqi Xin, Linhong Wang, Phoenix Kit-Han Mo. Intentions to Seek Mental Health Services During the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Chinese Pregnant Women With Probable Depression or Anxiety: Cross-sectional, Web-Based Survey Study (Preprint). . 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Qian Wang; Bo Song; Jiangli Di; Xue Yang; Anise Wu; Joseph Lau; Meiqi Xin; Linhong Wang; Phoenix Kit-Han Mo. 2020. "Intentions to Seek Mental Health Services During the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Chinese Pregnant Women With Probable Depression or Anxiety: Cross-sectional, Web-Based Survey Study (Preprint)." , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 24 July 2020 in Journal of Medical Internet Research
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Background Sexualized drug use (SDU; the use of any psychoactive substance before or during sexual intercourse) is prevalent among men who have sex with men (MSM) and may aggravate the worsening HIV epidemic in this key population. Objective This observational prospective cohort study investigated factors predicting the occurrence of SDU within a 6-month follow-up period among a sample of MSM in Hong Kong. We hypothesized that perceptions related to SDU would mediate the association between the influence of social media/gay social networking apps and SDU during the follow-up period. Methods Participants were Chinese-speaking men in Hong Kong, China who had anal intercourse with at least one man in the past year. Among 600 participants who completed the baseline telephone survey, 407 (67.8%) completed another telephone survey 6 months later. Logistic regression models and path analysis were fitted. Results At Month 6, 6.9% (28/407) and 4.4% (18/407) of participants reported SDU and chemsex during the follow-up period. After adjustment for significant baseline background variables (use of pre-exposure prophylaxis; history of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections; anal intercourse with nonregular male sex partners, condomless anal intercourse with men, multiple male sex partnerships, and SDU at baseline), three constructs of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) were significantly associated with SDU during the follow-up period: (1) positive attitudes toward SDU (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.19, 95% CI 1.05-1.36), (2) perceived support for SDU from significant others (AOR 1.15, 95% CI 1.01-1.30), and (3) perceived behavioral control of refraining from SDU (AOR 0.76, 95% CI 0.59-0.98). Exposure to information supporting SDU on social media and gay social networking apps was also significantly associated with SDU (AOR 1.11, 95% CI 1.01-1.22). Bootstrapping analyses indicated that social media influence was indirectly associated with SDU through TPB-related perceptions of SDU (β=.04; B=.002, 95% CI 0.001-0.01). Conclusions Social media and gay social networking apps may be a major source of influence on MSM’s perceptions and actual behaviors related to SDU.

ACS Style

Zixin Wang; Xue Yang; Phoenix K H Mo; Yuan Fang; Tsun Kwan Mary Ip; Joseph T F Lau. Influence of Social Media on Sexualized Drug Use and Chemsex Among Chinese Men Who Have Sex With Men: Observational Prospective Cohort Study. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2020, 22, e17894 .

AMA Style

Zixin Wang, Xue Yang, Phoenix K H Mo, Yuan Fang, Tsun Kwan Mary Ip, Joseph T F Lau. Influence of Social Media on Sexualized Drug Use and Chemsex Among Chinese Men Who Have Sex With Men: Observational Prospective Cohort Study. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2020; 22 (7):e17894.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zixin Wang; Xue Yang; Phoenix K H Mo; Yuan Fang; Tsun Kwan Mary Ip; Joseph T F Lau. 2020. "Influence of Social Media on Sexualized Drug Use and Chemsex Among Chinese Men Who Have Sex With Men: Observational Prospective Cohort Study." Journal of Medical Internet Research 22, no. 7: e17894.

Journal article
Published: 25 April 2020 in Asian Journal of Psychiatry
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The area under the curve (AUC) of the Chinese version of Beck Depression Inventory-II was acceptable. The sensitivity of the scale was acceptable. The specificity of the scale was relatively low.

ACS Style

Xue Yang; Sunita Mahtani Stewart. The Beck Depression Inventory-II as a screening tool of depression in the Chinese adolescent population in Hong Kong: A validation study using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview as the gold standard. Asian Journal of Psychiatry 2020, 52, 102125 .

AMA Style

Xue Yang, Sunita Mahtani Stewart. The Beck Depression Inventory-II as a screening tool of depression in the Chinese adolescent population in Hong Kong: A validation study using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview as the gold standard. Asian Journal of Psychiatry. 2020; 52 ():102125.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xue Yang; Sunita Mahtani Stewart. 2020. "The Beck Depression Inventory-II as a screening tool of depression in the Chinese adolescent population in Hong Kong: A validation study using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview as the gold standard." Asian Journal of Psychiatry 52, no. : 102125.

Journal article
Published: 07 April 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Urinary problems are common among aging men, but there is a paucity of research efforts to understand the psychosocial aspects of the illness. This study aims to understand how common and distressing urinary problems are for newly retired men in Hong Kong and to test the associations between mental health, self-stigma of seeking help, fatigue, self-efficacy, self-esteem, and distress due to urinary problems. To assess this, 139 out of 200 members of a retired men’s social club (mean age 63.5) were successfully interviewed. Two-fifths of the participants felt distressed due to their urinary problems and one-third of the participants had been troubled by urinary incontinence or nocturia in the past six months. Yet the majority of the participants (55%) did not seek help from any medical profession. The group who were distressed by urinary problems showed significantly poorer mental health, reported more fatigue symptoms, were less satisfied with their sexual relationships and overall self-esteem, and were less able to stop unpleasant thoughts or to get social support than the non-distressed group. Cultural perceptions of masculinity and decreased sexual vigor might have affected participants’ willingness to seek help at an early stage. Targeted health education, mutual support groups, and sensitively designed services at the community level are suggested to address these physical and mental health issues.

ACS Style

Marcus Yu Lung Chiu; Ho Ting Wong; Xue Yang. Distress Due to Urinary Problems and Psychosocial Correlates among Retired Men in Hong Kong. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 2533 .

AMA Style

Marcus Yu Lung Chiu, Ho Ting Wong, Xue Yang. Distress Due to Urinary Problems and Psychosocial Correlates among Retired Men in Hong Kong. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (7):2533.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marcus Yu Lung Chiu; Ho Ting Wong; Xue Yang. 2020. "Distress Due to Urinary Problems and Psychosocial Correlates among Retired Men in Hong Kong." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 7: 2533.

Preprint content
Published: 20 January 2020
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BACKGROUND Sexualized drug use (SDU; the use of any psychoactive substance before or during sexual intercourse) is prevalent among men who have sex with men (MSM) and may aggravate the worsening HIV epidemic in this key population. OBJECTIVE This observational prospective cohort study investigated factors predicting the occurrence of SDU within a 6-month follow-up period among a sample of MSM in Hong Kong. We hypothesized that perceptions related to SDU would mediate the association between the influence of social media/gay social networking apps and SDU during the follow-up period. METHODS Participants were Chinese-speaking men in Hong Kong, China who had anal intercourse with at least one man in the past year. Among 600 participants who completed the baseline telephone survey, 407 (67.8%) completed another telephone survey 6 months later. Logistic regression models and path analysis were fitted. RESULTS At Month 6, 6.9% (28/407) and 4.4% (18/407) of participants reported SDU and chemsex during the follow-up period. After adjustment for significant baseline background variables (use of pre-exposure prophylaxis; history of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections; anal intercourse with nonregular male sex partners, condomless anal intercourse with men, multiple male sex partnerships, and SDU at baseline), three constructs of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) were significantly associated with SDU during the follow-up period: (1) positive attitudes toward SDU (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.19, 95% CI 1.05-1.36), (2) perceived support for SDU from significant others (AOR 1.15, 95% CI 1.01-1.30), and (3) perceived behavioral control of refraining from SDU (AOR 0.76, 95% CI 0.59-0.98). Exposure to information supporting SDU on social media and gay social networking apps was also significantly associated with SDU (AOR 1.11, 95% CI 1.01-1.22). Bootstrapping analyses indicated that social media influence was indirectly associated with SDU through TPB-related perceptions of SDU (β=.04; B=.002, 95% CI 0.001-0.01). CONCLUSIONS Social media and gay social networking apps may be a major source of influence on MSM’s perceptions and actual behaviors related to SDU.

ACS Style

Zixin Wang; Xue Yang; Phoenix K H Mo; Yuan Fang; Tsun Kwan Mary Ip; Joseph T F Lau. Influence of Social Media on Sexualized Drug Use and Chemsex Among Chinese Men Who Have Sex With Men: Observational Prospective Cohort Study (Preprint). 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Zixin Wang, Xue Yang, Phoenix K H Mo, Yuan Fang, Tsun Kwan Mary Ip, Joseph T F Lau. Influence of Social Media on Sexualized Drug Use and Chemsex Among Chinese Men Who Have Sex With Men: Observational Prospective Cohort Study (Preprint). . 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zixin Wang; Xue Yang; Phoenix K H Mo; Yuan Fang; Tsun Kwan Mary Ip; Joseph T F Lau. 2020. "Influence of Social Media on Sexualized Drug Use and Chemsex Among Chinese Men Who Have Sex With Men: Observational Prospective Cohort Study (Preprint)." , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 16 January 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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This study investigated the prevalence and interpersonal correlates of Internet gaming disorders (IGD) among Chinese adolescents. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in two cities (Shanghai and Xi’an) in China. A total of 2666 (Meanage = 12.77 ± 0.75) year-one students from eight middle schools completed a self-reported questionnaire. It tested their levels of IGD, parental psychological control, negative interpersonal events (physical/verbal abuse by parents, verbal abuse by teachers, peer/online bullying), social support from parents/peers, and positive relationships with parents/peers. Results showed that 346 participants (13.0%) were classified as having IGD. Gender, city, single-parent family, family socio-economic status, and mother’s education level were significantly associated with the risk of IGD. Logistic regression analyses with and without controlling for the significant background variables showed that the studied interpersonal variables were significantly associated with IGD, respectively. Forward stepwise logistic regression showed that the significant correlates of IGD included parental psychological control, physical/verbal abuse by parents, verbal abuse by teachers, and peer/online bullying. Results highlight the importance of addressing interpersonal risk factors to reduce adolescent IGD. Limitations and implications of this study are discussed.

ACS Style

Xue Yang; Xuewen Jiang; Phoenix Kit-Han Mo; Yong Cai; Le Ma; Joseph Tak-Fai Lau. Prevalence and Interpersonal Correlates of Internet Gaming Disorders among Chinese Adolescents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 579 .

AMA Style

Xue Yang, Xuewen Jiang, Phoenix Kit-Han Mo, Yong Cai, Le Ma, Joseph Tak-Fai Lau. Prevalence and Interpersonal Correlates of Internet Gaming Disorders among Chinese Adolescents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (2):579.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xue Yang; Xuewen Jiang; Phoenix Kit-Han Mo; Yong Cai; Le Ma; Joseph Tak-Fai Lau. 2020. "Prevalence and Interpersonal Correlates of Internet Gaming Disorders among Chinese Adolescents." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 2: 579.

Research article
Published: 14 October 2019 in International Journal of Social Psychiatry
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Background:Socio-political circumstances, including security, poverty, national wealth, income inequality, social integration and political conflicts, determine population health. Anticipated socio-political developments refer to the perceived improvement/deterioration in these circumstances in the future year.Aims:This study tested relationships between this anticipation and population mental health (probable depression/depressive symptoms and life satisfaction) and the mediation roles of negative personal responses toward socio-political situations (frustration, emotional disturbance, self-efficacy in political involvement, perceived sense of security, and satisfaction about societal ability in fulfilling individuals’ needs) in explaining these relationships.Method:The telephone survey randomly interviewed 420 (59.5% female) adults in Hong Kong. Questionnaire included scales assessing the aforementioned variables.Results:Most participants (71.7%) had pessimistic anticipations over socio-political developments; 11.3% of the participants were classified as having probable depression. Anticipated deterioration in socio-political developments was significantly associated with depressive symptoms and life satisfaction; emotional disturbance, sense of security and need satisfaction were partial mediators of these relationships. Need satisfaction and sense of security showed the strongest mediation effects both for mediations that involved depressive symptoms and life satisfaction.Conclusion:Both politicians’ awareness and mental health promotion are required to alleviate the negative impact of negative socio-political perception on mental health.

ACS Style

Xue Yang; Rui She; Mason Mc Lau; Joseph Tf Lau. Anticipated socio-political developments and related personal responses as structural determinants of mental health problems: A population-based study. International Journal of Social Psychiatry 2019, 66, 58 -66.

AMA Style

Xue Yang, Rui She, Mason Mc Lau, Joseph Tf Lau. Anticipated socio-political developments and related personal responses as structural determinants of mental health problems: A population-based study. International Journal of Social Psychiatry. 2019; 66 (1):58-66.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xue Yang; Rui She; Mason Mc Lau; Joseph Tf Lau. 2019. "Anticipated socio-political developments and related personal responses as structural determinants of mental health problems: A population-based study." International Journal of Social Psychiatry 66, no. 1: 58-66.

Journal article
Published: 28 September 2018 in Journal of Behavioral Addictions
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Background and aims Masculine role discrepancy (i.e., men perceiving themselves not living up to the ideal manhood and being less masculine than the typical “man”) and related discrepancy stress were associated with some risk behaviors. No study has looked at their relationships with addictive use of social networking sites (SNSs), an emerging potential public health concern. The study constructed a moderated mediation model to test whether masculine role discrepancy would be positively associated with discrepancy stress, which would, in turn, be positively associated with addictive use of SNS, and whether self-esteem would buffer (moderate) the association between masculine role discrepancy and discrepancy stress. Methods A random population-based cross-sectional telephone survey interviewed 2,000 Hong Kong male adults in the general population. Results Currently unmarried and non-cohabiting, younger, and better educated participants reported higher addictive use of SNS scores than others. Adjusted for these variables, masculine role discrepancy and discrepancy stress were positively associated, and self-esteem was negatively associated with addictive use of SNS scores. Path analysis indicated that masculine role discrepancy was associated with addictive use of SNS through discrepancy stress (mediation); self-esteem buffered (moderated) the association between masculine role discrepancy and discrepancy stress; self-esteem was not significantly associated with addictive use of SNS in this model with good fit. Discussion The findings support the general strain theory’s postulation that strain is associated with stress, which is in turn associated with addictive use of SNS sites. Implications, potential interventions, and future studies are discussed in this study.

ACS Style

Xue Yang; Joseph T. F. Lau; Zixin Wang; Mason C. M. Lau. Potential roles of masculine role discrepancy, discrepancy stress, and self-esteem in affecting addictive use of social networking sites among Chinese men: A random population-based study. Journal of Behavioral Addictions 2018, 7, 676 -685.

AMA Style

Xue Yang, Joseph T. F. Lau, Zixin Wang, Mason C. M. Lau. Potential roles of masculine role discrepancy, discrepancy stress, and self-esteem in affecting addictive use of social networking sites among Chinese men: A random population-based study. Journal of Behavioral Addictions. 2018; 7 (3):676-685.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xue Yang; Joseph T. F. Lau; Zixin Wang; Mason C. M. Lau. 2018. "Potential roles of masculine role discrepancy, discrepancy stress, and self-esteem in affecting addictive use of social networking sites among Chinese men: A random population-based study." Journal of Behavioral Addictions 7, no. 3: 676-685.

Journal article
Published: 16 April 2018 in Journal of Affective Disorders
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Masculine role discrepancy and discrepancy stress occur when men perceive that they fail to live up to the ideal manhood derived from societal prescriptions. The present study examined the associations between masculine role discrepancy and two emotional and mental health problems (social anxiety and depressive symptoms), and potential mediation effects through discrepancy stress and self-esteem in a male general population. Based on random population-based sampling, 2000 male residents in Hong Kong were interviewed. Levels of masculine role discrepancy, discrepancy stress, self-esteem, social anxiety, and depressive symptoms were assessed by using validated scales. Results of structural equation modeling analysis indicated that the proposed model fit the sample well. (χ2(118) = 832.34, p < .05, CFI = 0.94, NNFI = 0.91, RMSEA = 0.06). Those who were young, single and less educated were vulnerable to masculine role discrepancy, discrepancy stress, and emotional/mental health problems. We found that discrepancy stress significantly mediated the association between masculine role discrepancy and social anxiety, while self-esteem significantly mediated the associations between masculine role discrepancy and both social anxiety and depression. Study limitations mainly included the cross-sectional design and reliance on self-reported questionnaires. The associations between masculine discrepancy and social anxiety/depressive symptoms among men may be explained by the increase in discrepancy stress and decrease in self-esteem. The findings suggest needs and directions for future research for the relationship between masculine role discrepancy and men's mental health, mechanisms involved, and interventions for improvement.

ACS Style

Xue Yang; Joseph T.F. Lau; Zixin Wang; Yee-Ling Ma; Mason C.M. Lau. The mediation roles of discrepancy stress and self-esteem between masculine role discrepancy and mental health problems. Journal of Affective Disorders 2018, 235, 513 -520.

AMA Style

Xue Yang, Joseph T.F. Lau, Zixin Wang, Yee-Ling Ma, Mason C.M. Lau. The mediation roles of discrepancy stress and self-esteem between masculine role discrepancy and mental health problems. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2018; 235 ():513-520.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xue Yang; Joseph T.F. Lau; Zixin Wang; Yee-Ling Ma; Mason C.M. Lau. 2018. "The mediation roles of discrepancy stress and self-esteem between masculine role discrepancy and mental health problems." Journal of Affective Disorders 235, no. : 513-520.