The Planning and implementation of construction projects are difficult processes and are burdened with many risk elements. The budget spread over time, which is developed on the basis of the schedule, presents the expected distribution of costs throughout the duration of the works, which during the implementation of the project is subject to constant changes resulting from time, cost, and organizational factors. Managing construction contracts requires managers to be able to analyze on an ongoing basis the variances of production costs-from the values calculated in the offer cost estimate and assumed in the Budgeted Cost of Work Scheduled. The article attempts to analyze the emerging time and cost deviations using proprietary time variances from the schedule (T/S) and variances from planned costs (T/C) monitoring, based on simple indicators of the earned value method (EVM). An example of construction of a multi-family housing development was used to study the variances of planned and incurred costs.

Sława wrocławskiej Hali Stulecia to nie tylko jejhistoria – i związana z nią skala wyzwania, jakie postawili sobiejej budowniczowie w początkach ubiegłego stulecia; rozgłos tejpięknej – obok katedry św. Jana Chrzciciela – wizytówce Wrocławiaprzyniosła również forma jej przekrycia – kopuła, wzorowanaideowo na rzymskim Panteonie. Przyjęty na początku ubiegłegowieku przez konstruktora hali, Gintera Trauera, modelobliczeniowy – w postaci płaskiego wiązara dwuprzegubowego– pozwolił na uzyskanie wartości sił wewnętrznych, wielkościskądinąd znacznie zawyżonych, choć na płaszczyźnie wiedzytechnicznej początku XX stulecia wyników metodologicznie uzasadnionych.Nowoczesne techniki numeryczne (m.in. MetodaElementów Skończonych), używane w specjalistycznym oprogramowaniukomputerowym pozwalają na określenie stopniaprzewymiarowania ustrojów konstrukcyjnych powstałych bezich wspomagania. W artykule dokonano, w formie studium przypadku,analizy porównawczej koncepcji przekrycia Hali Stuleciawe Wrocławiu, zestawiając dwa warianty – istniejącą żebrowąkonstrukcję kopułową oraz alternatywne rozwiązanie w postacikopuły łupinowej

Purpose: The aim of the work is to determine the optimal value of the cost of renting formwork for monolithic works, assuming a variable cross-section of the formwork elements. Design/methodology/approach: The article attempts to analyze the optimization costs of leasing system formworks using the author's research method NIF (no idle formwork). It is an extension of the classic parallel-stream methods - with continuous use of production means (no idle) and with uninterrupted work on the work front (no wait). For the purposes of empirical research, selected structural elements of a sports hall building with a monolithic "foot-column" structure were used. Findings: The implementation of the proposed NIF method proved that it allows for the selection of the numerical composition of the work team and the division of the work front into elementary plots, finding the optimal team work plan and implementation scenario in the set of admissible solutions, limited by the implementation deadline or cost budget. Research limitations/implications: The essence of calculating the rental of system forms is to determine the required time of their stay on the work front, during assembly, technological standstill (the process of binding the concrete mix) and dismantling. The calculation of the costs of traditional forms, apart from the time of their assembly and dismantling, during which the costs of human work (labour) are incurred, treats the above principle in a different way: wood formwork material, purchased as a non-renewable resource, is treated in it at the purchase price - with standard recovery, and not at the cost of labour. Practical implications: Construction formwork for monolithic works, due to its technological specificity, is divided into traditional – made of sawn wood, and system – supplied in the form of unified elements. Social implications: System formwork forms for monolithic works, as their price-determining component, are cost-intensive equipment units, hence the appropriate selection of their quantity and determination of the lease period on the construction site is a very important issue, affecting the profitability of these works. Originality/value: The innovative element of the work is the use of the proprietary NIF method, which determines the optimal level of construction formwork lease costs.

The diversity in shaping the geometry of structural elements results from the architectural forms of buildings and their functions. One of the advantages of reinforced concrete monolithic structures is the possibility of giving them any geometric cross-sectional shape, which – from the point of view of the manufacturing process – entails varying time and labour consumption in the calculation of monolithic works on the construction site. The essence of calculating the rental of systemic, unified construction formwork is to determine the required time of their stay on the work front, during assembly, technological standstill (concrete mix binding process) and dismantling. These systems, as a price-determining component in monolithic works, constitute cost-intensive equipment units, therefore the appropriate selection of their quantity and determination of the lease period on the construction site is a very important issue, affecting the profitability of these works. The article analyzes the degree of variability of the dimensions of a monolithic element, reflecting its implementation costs on the construction site. The analysis was conducted based on a monolithic reinforced concrete beam constructed using system formwork with a complex formwork shape resulting from the structural design of the building.