BACKGROUND: Chemicals that enter the body, especially benzene, will undergo a detoxification process. Unfortunately, at the detoxification process, sometimes benzene can produce free radicals. Free radical oxidation of lipids produces MDA compounds (malondialdehyde). To overcome these free radicals, the body will adapt to produce Glutathione (GSH) enzymes. AIM: The purpose of this study was to analyse the relationship between benzene concentration, MDA levels and glutathione enzymes in Shoe-Maker Home Industry workers exposed to benzene for more than 10 years. METHODS: Measurement of benzene concentration using a gas chromatography-flame ionisation detector (GC-FID). MDA levels used a modified spectrophotometric and GSH method of thiobarbituric acid (TBA) test. RESULT: The results showed that the majority of respondents had benzene concentrations still below the TLV value, mean of MDA levels were 6.94 mg/ml, while GSH was 4.54 mg/ml. Benzene concentration did not have a significant correlation with MDA and glutathione levels, whereas MDA levels had a strong correlation with glutathione levels (p = 0.000; r = -0.947). CONCLUSION: Workers should always use PPE and always eat foods that contain lots of glutathione enzymes such as spinach or broccoli to reduce the impact of free radicals from benzene inhalation.

This study aims to determine the relationship among working period, work shift, and workload with work fatigue in the ATCs at Sultan Hasanuddin Airport, Makassar. This research is an analytic observational study with a cross sectional design. A sample of 65 people was obtained by purposive random sampling. The mental workload was assessed by NASA TLX, whereas work fatigue was assessed by the KAUPK2 questionnaires. The results showed that out of 65 samples, 28 (43.1%) of them experienced work fatigue. It was found that there was no significant relationship between working period with work fatigue (p=0.055>0.05). Furthermore, there is a significant relationship between work shift with work fatigue (p=0.015<0.05) as well as workload and work fatigue (p=0.021<0.05). It is concluded that there is no significant relationship between working period and work fatigue, while work shift, and workload have a significant relationship with work fatigue in ATCs at Sultan Hasanuddin Airport Makassar.

Objectives: Schizophrenia is an organic disease and a severe mental disorder with a relatively high risk of relapse. The rising rate of schizophrenia relapse has motivated researchers and academics to innovate and develop interventions aimed at relapse prevention. This bibliometric study sought to examine the publication trends in schizophrenia relapse prevention from 1973 to 2023, assess the contribution of international collaborations across various journals, identify the most influential authors and articles, and forecast future developments in this field.Methods: The study included 683 articles obtained from the Scopus database, analyzed using VOSviewer software, and visualized with Tableau.Results: Reports of schizophrenia relapse prevention strategies have increased significantly over the last 3 decades. However, fluctuations persist, as evidenced by the annual number of publications ranging from 25 to 40 within the past 5 years. Nevertheless, this increasing trend underscores the sustained interest in this area of research. Regarding contribution size, the United States produced the largest volume of publications on this subject. John M. Kane authored the most articles, while Stefan Leucht exhibited the highest h-index. Frequently used keywords in this field include “relapse AND schizophrenia” AND “prevention.”Conclusions: These results represent an important reference for determining the current state of research on schizophrenia relapse prevention and future research directions.

Rice Bran Oil (RBO) is an abundant food source in Indonesia. RBO contains high levels of monounsaturated fatty acids and rich in antioxidants. However, clinical trials on this material are still very limited. This research aims to assess the differences of effect of rice bran oil (RBO) and olive oil (OO) on lipid profile alteration of hypercholesterolemia junior high school teachers. This study used a quasi-experimental method with a non-randomized pre-test and post-test design. A total of 28 junior high school teachers in the Tamalanrea District of Makassar City who experienced hypercholesterolemia were recruited in this study and were divided into 2 groups. The two groups were at different research locations and received different interventions. The intervention group was given rice bran oil (30 ml/day) while the control group was given olive oil (30 ml/day) for 30 days. The pair t test was used to determine the difference in lipid profile before and after giving RBO and OO. The analysis was continued by comparing the results in the two groups using the independent t test. The level of confidence was set at 95% with a significance value less than 0.05 (p <0.05). After giving RBO for 30 days, the results were a decrease in total cholesterol by 4.59%, triglycerides by 15.8%, LDL by 4.87%, but HDL levels also decreased, although in insignificant amounts (3.41%). Meanwhile, giving OO as a control reduced total cholesterol by 5.04% and triglycerides by 28.2%. In addition, there was also a slight increase in HDL levels by 0.45%, in contrast to LDL levels which did not show any difference at all. At the end of the study of the four lipid profile parameters observed, significant improvements were observed in the reduction of total cholesterol and triglyceride levels significantly after administration of RBO and OO (p 0.05). From this study, we can conclude that rice bran oil and olive oil have the same effect in improving lipid profiles by significantly lowering total cholesterol and triglyceride levels.

Background: Caregivers of individuals with schizophrenia face ongoing psychological and emotional burdens due to the chronic and relapsing nature of the disorder and the complexity of caregiving. Prolonged exposure to caregiving stress characterized by emotional exhaustion, role overload, and lack of social support has been consistently associated with poor mental health outcomes among caregivers, including depression and anxiety. Objective: This study aimed to assess stress levels among caregivers of patients with schizophrenia and identify the key determinants of caregiver stress. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional survey that was conducted between June and August 2024 at the Labakkang District Health Center, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. A total of 110 female caregivers participated in the study. Data were collected using validated questionnaires to measure stress levels and related factors. Statistical analyses included chi-square tests to identify associations and partial least squares structural equation modeling to examine the strength and direction of relationships between variables. Results: This study included 110 female caregivers of individuals with schizophrenia. The majority were early older people (48/110, 44%), had a basic level of education (elementary to junior high school; 45/110, 46%), were unemployed (83/110, 75%), and had been providing care for more than 10 years (42/110, 38%). A total of 58 of 110 (53%) caregivers experienced mild levels of stress, while 63 of 110 (57%) caregivers reported a moderate caregiving burden. Additionally, 64 of 110 (58%) caregivers reported challenges related to patient treatment nonadherence, and 58 of 110 (53%) caregivers experienced low levels of social stigma. Most caregivers (69/110, 63%) adopted adaptive coping strategies; however, more than half reported low levels of knowledge (59/110, 54%) and limited access to health information (73/110, 66%). The chi-square analysis identified several statistically significant associations with stress: age ( P =.03), education ( P <.001), caregiving burden ( P <.001), knowledge ( P <.001), coping strategies ( P <.001), treatment nonadherence ( P =.004), and perceived stigma ( P =.003). Further, partial least squares structural equation modeling analysis showed that caregiving burden ( r =0.672), stigma ( r =0.921), and limited knowledge ( r =0.909) were positively correlated with stress. In contrast, social support was strongly negatively associated with stress ( r =−0.872), indicating its protective role. Conclusions: These findings underscore the critical need for targeted interventions that enhance social support networks, reduce stigma, and strengthen caregivers’ coping capacities. Strengthening these dimensions is essential to mitigating the psychological toll of caregiving and sustaining caregivers’ functional well-being. Evidence increasingly supports that empowering caregivers through structured support systems and educational initiatives can substantially alleviate stress-related burdens and improve care continuity for individuals with schizophrenia.

Beban kerja dan faktor psikososial seperti stres kerja mempunyai hubungan yang signifikan terhadap terjadinya kelelahan, pada waktu pekerjaan menuntut banyak sekali hal yang harus dikerjakan dan waktunya sangat-sangat sedikit, maka akan terjadi kelebihan muatan pada pekerjaan (job overload). Rasa lelah dalam diri manusia merupakan proses yang terakumulasi dari berbagai faktor penyebab dan dapat mendatangkan ketegangan (stres) yang dialami oleh tubuh manusia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh langsung dan tidak langsung beban kerja terhadap kelelahan melalui stres kerja pada perawat RS Tadjuddin Chalid Makassar. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan yaitu penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional dengan sampel sebanyak 100 perawat yang didapatkan melalui teknik pengambilan sampel secara propotional random sampling. Penelitian ini dilakukan di RS Dr. Tadjuddin Chalid Kota Makassar pada bulan Januari 2021. Uji yang digunakan adalah uji Analysys Path. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada pengaruh langsung beban kerja terhadap kelelahan kerja dengan nilai p=0.000. ѕemakіn menіngkatnya Beban Kerja akan memberikan peningkatan terhadap streѕ kerja, haѕіl ujі t dіdapatkan nіlaі t hіtung ѕebeѕar 2,936 dan nilai ѕіg. ѕebeѕar 0,005 (p nilai z mutlak (1,96). Kesimpulan: Kesimpulan pada penelitian ini yaitu ada pengaruh langsung beban kerja terhadap stres kerja. Ada pengaruh tidak langsung beban kerja terhadap kelelahan kerja melalui stres kerja.