Collagen type I (Col-I) is unique due to its high biocompatibility in human tissue. Despite its availability from various sources, Col-I naturally mimics the extracellular matrix (ECM) and generally makes up the larger protein component (90%) in vasculature, skin, tendon bone, and other tissue. The acceptable physicochemical properties of native Col-I further enhance the incorporation of Col-I in various fields, including pharmaceutical, cosmeceutical, regenerative medicine, and clinical. This review aims to discuss Col-I, covering the structure, various sources of availability, native collagen synthesis, current extraction methods, physicochemical characteristics, applications in various fields, and biomarkers. The review is intended to provide specific information on Col-I currently available, going back five years. This is expected to provide a helping hand for researchers who are concerned about any development on collagen-based products particularly for therapeutic fields.

Collagen (Col) and gelatin are most extensively used in various fields, particularly in pharmaceuticals and therapeutics. Numerous researchers have proven that they are highly biocompatible to human tissues, exhibit low antigenicity and are easy to degrade. Despite their different sources both Col and gelatin have almost the same effects when it comes to wound healing mechanisms. Considering this, the bioactivity and biological effects of both Col and gelatin have been, and are being, constantly investigated through in vitro and in vivo assays to obtain maximum outcomes in the future. With regard to their proven nutritional values as sources of protein, Col and gelatin products exert various possible biological activities on cells in the extracellular matrix (ECM). In addition, a vast number of novel Col and gelatin applications have been discovered. This review compared Col and gelatin in terms of their structures, sources of derivatives, physicochemical properties, results of in vitro and in vivo studies, their roles in wound healing and the current challenges in wound healing. Thus, this review provides the current insights and the latest discoveries on both Col and gelatin in their wound healing mechanisms.

Peperomia pellucida has been used widely in ethnomedicine and many studies have been conducted on this plant. Locals have been using this plant in traditional medicine and consumed as food. This review summarized previous studies conducted on this plant, focusing on plant’s chemical composition, pharmaceutical and traditional uses, pharmacological activities and dermatitis management. P. pellucida contains phytochemical groups, namely alkaloids, tannins, resins, flavonoids, steroids, phenols and carbohydrates, while the nutritional and mineral profile revealed that the plant is rich in crude protein, carbohydrate and total ash content. Traditionally, this plant has been used to treat different medicinal conditions such as conjunctivitis, convulsions, fatigue, fever, headache, gout, rheumatic pains, skin diseases that include dermatitis, acnes and eczema, breast cancer and diabetic. Studies reported that the plant possesses antimicrobial, anticancer, antidiabetic, and antioxidant activities. The natural pharmacological activities and active compounds in P. pellucida, namely tannins, saponins and flavonoids have been shown to help in managing dermatitis. This review concludes that P. pellucida can be utilized as a promising candidate for developing new therapeutic drug for the treatment of various diseases including dermatitis.

In response to the growing demand for effective treatments for respiratory infections, research has focused on the therapeutic properties of natural substances like Syzygium aromaticum (clove) and Eucalyptus globulus (Eucalyptus). Clove is rich in phytochemicals such as eugenol, which offers antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant benefits in managing respiratory infections. Similarly, Eucalyptus contains eucalyptol, which is known for its antimicrobial and antiinflammatory properties. This review systematically examines research on the active constituents of clove and Eucalyptus through a detailed analysis of scientific literature from databases such as Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Research Gate. By assessing the phytochemical and pharmacological properties of these plants, the review highlights their therapeutic potential in treating respiratory infections. It also emphasises the need to explore further their use in developing innovative treatment strategies for respiratory health.

Ocimum tenuiflorum (O. tenuiflorum), commonly recognised as Holy Basil or Tulsi, has garnered growing interest within the scientific and industrial communities due to its extensive phytochemical profile and diverse therapeutic properties. This bibliometric review examines global research trends concerning O. tenuiflorum from 2000 to 2024, utilising data from Web of Science (WOS) alongside bibliometric tools including VOSviewer and Biblioshiny. The analysis indicates a consistent increase in publication output, with India leading research contributions and notable inputs from the USA, Thailand, and other nations. Research clusters delineate five principal thematic areas: traditional medicine, phytochemistry, pharmacology, nanotechnology applications, and dermatology. The plant’s bioactive compounds- such as eugenol, ursolic acid, rosmarinic acid, and luteolin- exhibit significant antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, adaptogenic, antidiabetic, and dermatological effects. Particularly in dermatology, O. tenuiflorum demonstrates promising roles in anti-ageing, skin barrier protection, acne management, and wound healing via mechanisms involving collagen synthesis, cytokine inhibition, and UV protection. This comprehensive bibliometric and phytochemical review underscores the versatile therapeutic potential of O. tenuiflorum, thereby supporting its development within cosmeceutical and pharmaceutical sectors, while also highlighting opportunities for further multidisciplinary research.