The quantitative verification of an inkbottle pore and a continuative pore determined by mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) was conducted by comparing the volume of air obtained through the linear-traverse method (image analysis) with the mass change due to water absorption and drying. The c pore had a high correlation with the volume of air voids and the continuative pore with the amount of rapid water absorption and drying up to 3 hours from the start of the test.

Through the bokashi process, fermented leaves were incorporated as a partial alternative to sand in concrete to produce a concrete type that could be a prospective artificial reef material. The specimens were checked in small pools where algae—Chlorella vulgaris—was added and checked for growth. The results showed that the concrete with 20% bokashi fermented leaves (BFL) by weight of cement had 40 times higher algal coverage on the surface by the end of 35 days. Concrete with 2% bokashi fermented leaves (BFL), however, tended to increase the algal coverage by only 3 times.