The tourism sector has grown to be the largest industry in the world, providing jobs to national and local economies. The tourism sector and foreign direct investment are expanding with time, but more research is needed to determine how these developments affect economic growth. This paper attempt to investigate the impact of tourist receipts, tourism spending, and FDI on Bangladesh’s economic growth utilizing yearly data from 1998 to 2019 by using Johansen Cointegration Approach, Vector Error Correction Model and Granger Causality test. The present study focuses on long-term or short-term effects of tourism receipts, tourism expenditures, and FDI on economic growth in Bangladesh which have been ignored in the prior studies. The Johansen Cointegration Approach is a time series analysis technique that is used to identify the long-run cointegration of the variables. Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) is also applied to investigate the long and short-run relationships between variables. The outcome of the Johansen cointegration demonstrates that in the long run, international tourism receipts, tourism expenditures and FDI have a positive impact on economic growth. The findings of the VECM demonstrate the existence of a long-term causal nexus running from tourism receipts, tourism expenditures, and FDI to economic growth. In the short term, tourism expenditures positively related to economic growth while FDI negatively correlated to economic growth in Bangladesh. The Granger Causality test findings show that international tourism receipts Granger cause economic growth and there is a unidirectional causal linkage from tourism receipts (TR) to tourism expenditures. The findings also indicate a bi-directional causal link between tourism expenditures (TE) and economic growth (GDPG). Therefore, the study recommends that the government should evaluate the importance and sensitivity of international tourism and FDI in order to boost economic growth. Graphical Abstract

Addressing the ecological footprint is crucial for achieving sustainable development in South Asia, where the rapid economic and social developments present substantial challenges to the environment. This study aims to examine the effects of remittances, urbanization and electricity consumption on South Asia's ecological footprint, with a focus on the role of globalization. By employing a Panel ARDL framework on data spanning 2000 to 2021, we investigate the long-term and short-term dynamics of the variables. Additionally, we implement the Method of Moments Quantile Regression (MMQR) technique, which illustrated the independent variables' specific effects on the ecological footprint at various quantiles. Before utilizing these regression techniques, we conduct a set of diagnostic tests such as Cross‐Sectional Dependence Test, Unit root tests (LLC, IPS, CIPS, CADF) and panel cointegration test. According to the findings of our study, remittances have a reducing effect on the ecological footprint, while GDP per capita and urbanization considerably increase it. Electricity consumption has a smaller but still significant impact on environmental degradation. Globalization exhibits an intricate correlation, encompassing both advantageous and detrimental impacts on the ecological footprint. The Dumitrescu-Hurlin causality test's findings revealed a unidirectional causality from remittances and urbanization to the ecological footprint and bidirectional causality between electricity consumption and the ecological footprint. The study proposes implementing policy measures that encourage green economic strategies, prioritize the promotion of sustainable urban practices, enhancement of energy efficiency, utilization of the advantages of globalization for the environment, and efficient management of remittances to reduce ecological strain.

With the sustainable economy and the development of innovative technology, China is anticipated to have a large number of mobile payment (m-payment) users due to cultural influences and population size. This payment culture leads to a significant motivation to adopt m-payment services, which can stimulate new users from other groups. The role of cultural motivation is the most important factor in the m-payment context. This paper empirically examines the impact of cross-cultural motivation in the context of the practicing of social distancing behavior due to COVID-19 and the mobile payment (m-payment) context. We develop a conceptual model to validate user intention to use mobile payment systems during the COVID-19 crisis. Data were surveyed from 409 international students in China, and the model is validated using the AMOS structural equation modeling approach. Similar to the results of previous studies based on the adoption of mobile payment, this study also confirms the hypothesis testing. The key and robust result is that, due to cultural motivation and social distancing behavior, international students respond swiftly to the use of mobile payment services during COVID-19. Subsequently, perceived usefulness and awareness influence behavior intention to use mobile payment services. The findings of this study suggest that motivational characteristics, including the awareness of efficiency and the social distancing behavior due to COVID-19, play an important role in the adoption of mobile payment. As a result, the empirical results of this research provide useful information to stakeholders so that they can enhance m-payment services strategies and implement these successfully by considering various factors.

The exchange rate is an essential determinant of exports in any country, and export plays a vital role in driving a country’s economy. Nowadays, the variation of the exchange rate has become a highlighted topic. This paper explores the relationship between the Exchange Rate Volatility and the most exported item of Bangladesh, Knitwear Exports. This study also wants to check the connection between Bangladesh's Exchange Rate and Knitwear Exports. The study is based on secondary data for the period 1994–2022. To achieve the objectives, this study uses Knitwear exports as endogenous variables and the official exchange rate, inflation rate, and exchange rate volatility as the exogenous variables. The data are collected from the World Development Index (WDI) and the Bangladesh Garment Manufacturers and Exporters Association (BGMEA)). To effectively analyze the relationship between variables with potential mixed orders of integration, this study employs the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bound test. The ARDL bound test's ability to accommodate mixed-stationary data without pre-testing and its direct estimation of long-run and short-run effects make it a suitable choice for this analysis. The findings of this paper show that the exchange rate volatility negatively and significantly influences Knitwear exports in the short run with the elasticity 0.119. But in the long term, the result shows a positive but insignificant impact (elasticity: − 0.211). This study also shows that the exchange rate has a significant beneficial linkage with the exports of knitwear products in the long run. This paper recommends that although depreciation of the exchange rate has a beneficial influence on exports, it may prove harmful to other sectors of the economy. And Investment in the knitwear sector can lead to a boom in the economy of Bangladesh.