Background: Neonatal sepsis, which resulted from bacterial, viral, and fungal invasions of the bloodstream, is the major cause of neonatal mortality and neurodevelopmental impairment among neonates. It is responsible for more than one-third of neonatal deaths in Ethiopia. Frequently neonates referred to health facilities are at high risk of death. Hence, assessing and preventing the predictors of mortality in neonatal sepsis helps to reduce the burden of neonatal mortality.Objectives: To determine predictors of mortality among neonates admitted with sepsis at Durame general hospital, southern Ethiopia, 2020.Methods: Institution-based unmatched case-control study was carried out from March 8 to 30, 2020, among 219 neonates in Durame general hospital in southern Ethiopia. Neonates admitted with sepsis and died were considered as cases and neonates admitted with sepsis and survived (discharged alive) as controls. Cases were selected by taking the deaths of neonates consecutively among those neonates admitted with the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis. The next immediate three corresponding controls were selected by lottery method from the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) case registration book. Data was collected by using structured pretested checklists from neonates’ records and then entered into Epi data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 20. Logistic regression was used to identify the predictors of mortality. Statistical significance was declared atP < 0.05.Results: A total of 55 cases and 164 controls were included in this study. More than three quarters (81.8%) of cases had early onset sepsis. The multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that predictors of mortality in this study were; poor feeding [AOR = 4.15; 95% CI (1.64, 10.49)], respiratory distress [AOR = 2.72; 95% CI (1.31, 5.61)], estimated gestational age less than 37 weeks [AOR = 4.64; 95% CI (2.17, 9.91)], and convulsion [AOR = 3.13; 95% CI (1.12, 8.76)].Conclusion: This study showed that prematurity, convulsion, poor feeding, and respiratory distress were the predictors of sepsis-related neonatal mortality. It is important to pay attention to septicemic babies with any of the identified predictors to reduce sepsis-related mortality.

World Health Organization (WHO) predicted that there will be a shortfall of skilled healthcare by 2035 with the greatest shortfall in Africa and Southeast Asia due to satisfaction with payment and incentives. Low job satisfaction of health workers can result in increased staff turnover and absenteeism, which affects the efficiency of health services. Ethiopia has been affected by a shortage of health professionals due to a brain drain of health professionals. Our study, therefore, aimed at assessing the impact of the working environment and benefits packages on the level of satisfaction among health professionals working in selected public Health facilities in Eastern Ethiopia. Institutional based Cross-sectional study design was conducted among 422 selected health professionals in Bale Zone Public Health Facilities. After selecting 2 hospitals and 32 health centers by lottery method, proportional allocation of the sample was done for selected Hospitals and Health Centers. Then, to select individual health professional from each health center and hospital, a systematic sampling method was employed using the worker’s registration log book. Then, data were collected, cleaned and entered into EpiData software version 3.1 and then exported to IBM SPSS version 21 for analysis. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were done. The principal component analysis was employed for all Likert scale instruments to extract factor(s) representing each of the scales and have factor scores, which facilitate treatment of the variables as continuous during further analysis. Using this regression factor score, multiple linear regression analysis was performed and the effect of independent variables on the regression factor score of the outcome variable was quantified. A significance level of less than 0.05 was used in all cases to judge statistical significance. This study showed that the prevalence of job satisfaction of health professionals was 38.5% (95%CI: 33.82–43.2%). Age of health professionals ((β = 0.252, (95% CI: 0.067, 0.437))), type of health facility (β = − 0.280, (95% CI; − 0.519, − 0.041), service year (β = 0.487, (95%CI: 0.025, 0.998)), supply they need to do their job (β = 0.10, (95% CI: 0.009 to 0.19)), perception of health professional on allowances (β = − 0.216, (95% CI: − 0.306, − 0.125)) and perception of health professionals on employment benefits (β = 0.225, (95% CI: 0.135 to 0.315)) were statistically significant that affect job satisfaction factor score. level of job satisfaction of health professionals was found to be low. Level of job satisfaction was influenced by the age of the health professionals, type of health facility in which they were working, years of service they had in the health sectors, their working environment, professional allowance and benefits like financial rewards and benefits of being employed. Hence, policy makers and health managers need to pay special attention to increase the satisfaction of the health workforce at all levels in the health system. Moreover, special emphasis should be given for the benefits packages of health workers at different levels.

Virological treatment failure is a problem that a Human Immune Virus patient faces after starting treatment due to different factors. However, there were few studies done on the predictors of virological treatment failure among adult patients on first-line antiretroviral therapy in Ethiopia in general, and no study was done in the study area in particular. Therefore, the aim of the study was to identify predictors of virological treatment failure among adult patients on first-line antiretroviral therapy in Woldiya and Dessie Hospitals, Northeast Ethiopia. Hospital based case–control study was conducted in Woldia and Dessie Hospitals from from 12 August 2016–28 February 2018 on 154 cases and 154 controls among adult patients on first-line antiretroviral treatment. All cases were included and comparable controls were selected using stratified random sampling technique. Data were collected by document review using checklists and entered into Epidata version 3.1 and analyzed by SPSS version 21. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was done to identify the independent predictors of virological treatment failure. In this study, statistically higher odds of virological failure was observed among patients who had current CD4 T-cell count of < 200 mm3 (AOR = 2.4, 95% CI: 1.35, 4, 18) compared withCD4 T-cell count of > 200 mm3, current body mass index(BMI) < 16 kg/m2 (AOR = 4.2, 95% CI:1.85, 9.51) compared with BMI > 18.5 kg/m2, BMI between 16 and 18.5 kg/m2 (AOR = 3.72, 95% CI: 1.75, 7.92) versus BMI > 18.5 kg/m2, poor adherence to antiretroviral therapy (AOR = 5.4, 95% CI: 2.95, 9.97) compared with good adherence. This study showed that low current CD4 T-cell count and body mass index, as well as poor adherence for ART treatment predicts virological failure. Therefore, deliberate efforts are urgently needed in HIV care through improving their nutritional status by enhancing nutritional education and support, and by strengthening enhanced adherence counseling.

Background: Low-adherence to Anti-retroviral therapy (ART) negatively affects the clinical, immunological, and virologic outcomes of patients. Adherence is the most important factor in determining Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) treatment success and long-term viral suppression which ultimately reduces morbidity and mortality. Thus, this study aimed to identify factors affecting adherence to antiretroviral therapy among adolescents and youth living with HIV. Methods: Facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 21 to April 30, 2020 among 316 respondents in selected five high-loaded hospitals with adolescent and youth clients using systematic random sampling technique. Patients’ adherence was assessed when they had reportedly taken 95% or higher of their prescribed antiretroviral drugs in the five days before the interview. Data were collected, entered into EPI Data and exported to SPSS for analysis. Binary logistic regression was used to see the association between dependent and independent variables. Results: In this study, 316 respondents participated in the study, with a 99.7% response rate. The mean age of respondents were 17.94 years and majority of them (58.5%) were females. The overall ART adherence among adolescents and youths was found to be 70.6%. Being female (AOR = 0.323, 95% CI, 0.164–0.637), presence of opportunistic infection (AOR = 0.483, 95% CI, 0.249–0.936), taking additional medication beside ART (AOR = 0.436, 95% CI, 0.206–0.922) and availability of youth friendly services within the facility (AOR = 2.206, 95% CI, 1.031–4.721) were found to be predictors. Conclusion: The adherence rate in this study was low which is below the recommended adherence level. Being female, taking additional medication beside ART and presence of opportunistic infection were determinants of adherence. As a result, significant work must be done on opportunistic infection prevention through health education and promotion for screening and risk reduction. Similarly, adolescents and youths service integration with the ART Clinic is strongly advised.

Background: Diabetic Retinopathy is one of the serious complications patients’ diabetic patients suffer from. Little is known about which risk factors are associated with this complication. The aim of this study was therefore to identify determinants of Diabetic Retinopathy in Jimma University Medical Center. Methods: A facility-based case-control study was conducted. Cases were Diabetic patients with diabetic retinopathy and who were on follow up at the Jimma University Medical Center while controls were Diabetic patients but free of diabetic retinopathy and who were on follow up at the Jimma University Medical Center. Cases and controls were identified and 311 of them were recruited using systematic random sampling. Data were entered into the Epi-Data version 4.1 and analyzed using SPSS Version 20. Binary Logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify determinants of diabetic retinopathy. Result: A total of 106 cases and 205 controls diabetic participated in the study. Being ≥60 years of age (AOR = 5.04,95%CI: 1.83,13.87),being illiterate (AOR = 7.17, 95% CI: 2.61,19.7), poor adherence to medication (AOR =3: 95% CI: 1.29,6.95),having high systolic blood pressure (AOR = 3.38:95% CI: 1.26,9.05), having family history of Diabetes Mellitus (AOR = 3.95: 95% CI: 1.64,9.54), having other micro vascular complications (AOR = 3.76,95% CI: 1.33,10.66), poor glycemic control (AOR = 9.08, 95%CI: 3.7,22.29), poor cholesterol control (AOR = 0.21, 95%CI: 0.08,0.51) and being anaemic (AOR = 2.8, 95%CI: 1.05,7.47) were the independent determinants of diabetic retinopathy. Conclusion: This study found that poor adherence to medication, being at the age of 60 years and above, being illiterate patients, having high systolic blood pressure, having a family history of Diabetes Mellitus, having other micro vascular complication, poor glycemic control, poor cholesterol control and being anemic patient were the independent determinants of diabetic retinopathy. Therefore, more attention should be given to older age and illiterate patients. Giving more emphasis for patients poorly adhered to anti-diabetic medications and giving advice for diabetic patients with high systolic blood pressure to follow their blood pressure regularly are also vital. Diabetic patients should also control their Blood sugar and blood cholesterol levels to prevent diabetic retinopathy or reduce its further complications.

Patient satisfaction, one of the main components of quality of care, is a crucial phenomenon for the overall health care delivery system. Even though a number of studies have been conducted about patient satisfaction in different health services, studies in radiology services are flimsy in Ethiopia. This study aimed at assessing patient satisfaction towards radiological service and associated factors in Hawassa University Teaching and Referral hospital. An institution based cross-sectional study was conducted among 321 adult patients presented for radiological service in the study area using stratified sampling technique. Patient satisfaction was measured using SERVQUAL (Service Quality) tool that consisted of seven items: accessibility, quality of radiological service, courtesy of radiology staff, existence of good communication with service provider and desk worker, physical environment and privacy technique. Exit interviews of patients were conducted using a structured and pretested questionnaire. Data was collected by three grade ten completed trained data collectors from May 12 to May 28, 2016. Multiple logistic regressions were used to identify independent factors associated with patient satisfaction on radiological services using SPSS version 21. The overall patient satisfaction towards radiological service was 71.6%. Satisfaction to accessibility of the service was 84.5% while it was 80.6% to courtesy of the staff. Similarly, 81.6% reported satisfied with quality of the service and 59.4% and 71% of reported satisfied with physical environment and radiological service provider respectively. On the other hand, 99.7% of the respondents were dissatisfied with privacy of the service. The study revealed that patients who attended primary school (AOR = 0.317, 95% CI: 0.11–0.88), unemployed patients (AOR = 0.067, 95% CI: 0.007–0.622) and patients who had short waiting time to enter into examination room less than one hour (AOR = 4.12, 95% CI: 1.4–11.62) were factors associated with patients satisfaction. This study found that majority of respondents was satisfied with the radiological services. Respondent’s education level, occupation as well as duration of time taken to enter into examination room were important factors influencing the satisfaction condition. Hence, concerted effort is needed to constantly improve on patient satisfaction to better radiology returns arising from improved patient patronage. It is recommended to give great care and attention to clients during radiological examination procedure and also suggested that the department should decrease time taken to enter into examination room. On the other hand, the reasons behind more educated clients were less satisfied with radiologic service than more educated respondents need further investigation.