This 12-week clinical study evaluated the impact of 10% CPP-ACP and 5% sodium fluoride varnish regimes on the regression of nonorthodontic white spot lesions (WSLs). The study included 21 children with 101 WSLs who were randomised into four treatment regimes: weekly clinical applications of fluoride varnish for the first month (FV); twice daily self-applications of CPP-ACP paste (CPP-ACP); weekly applications of fluoride varnish for the first month and twice daily self-applications of CPP-ACP paste (CPP-ACP-FV); and no intervention (control). All groups undertook a standard oral hygiene protocol and weekly consultation. Visual appraisals and laser fluorescence (LF) measurements were made in weeks one and twelve. The majority of WSLs in the control and FV groups exhibited no shift in appearance, whereas, in the CPP-ACP and CPP-ACP-FV groups, the lesions predominantly regressed. The visual and LF assessments indicated that the extent of remineralisation afforded by the treatments was of the following order: control ~ FV < CPP-ACP ~ CPP-ACP-FV. Self-applications of CPP-ACP paste as an adjunct to standard oral hygiene significantly improved the appearance and remineralisation of WSLs. No advantage was observed for the use of fluoride varnish as a supplement to either the standard or CPP-ACP-enhanced oral hygiene regimes.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of incorporation of Al₂O₃, ZrO₂ and TiO₂ nanoparticles into glass–ionomer cements (GICs). Two different GICs were used in the study. Four groups were prepared for each material: the control group (without nanoparticles) and three groups modified by the incorporation of nanoparticles at 2, 5 or 10 wt %, respectively. Cements were mixed and placed in moulds (4 mm × 6 mm); after setting, the samples were stored in saline (one day and one week). Compressive strengths were measured and the morphology of the fractured surfaces was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. The elements released into the storage solutions were determined by Inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Addition of nanoparticles was found to alter the appearance of cements as examined by scanning electron microscopy. Compressive strength increased with the addition of ZrO₂ and especially TiO₂ nanoparticles, whereas the addition of Al₂O₃ nanoparticles generally weakened the cements. The ion release profile of the modified cements was the same in all cases. The addition of Al₂O₃, ZrO₂ and TiO₂ nanoparticles into GICs is beneficial, since it leads to reduction of the microscopic voids in the set cement. Of these, the use of ZrO₂ and TiO₂ nanoparticles also led to increased compressive strength. Nanoparticles did not release detectable levels of ions (Al, Zr or Ti), which makes them suitable for clinical use.

The authors aimed to present dental treatment of the cadaveric tooth in a transplanted maxilla in a patient with facial transplantation with bony framework and soft tissue envelope. The treatment procedure was scheduled after physical examination, and the final plan was designed according to the patient's special medical condition. The authors reported the first successful endodontic treatment of an allogeneic cadaveric donor tooth in a patient with facial transplantation. Dental disease represents a potential risk for infection in patients with allogeneic transplantation, which could affect the success of tissue transplantation and might lead to life-threatening conditions. The (re)treatment of the diseased teeth is possible even after the transplantation. The health of the teeth and jaws of the donor should be evaluated before transplantation, especially when maxilla or mandible transplantation is planned.

Key words: Hydrophilic; Fissure sealants; Er:YAG lasers; Microleakage; Microhardness

Objective Early loss of primary teeth due to caries can cause temporary or permanent problems, such as occlusion disorders, aesthetic problems, nutritional problems, abnormal habits, and speech disorders. Although the development of restorative materials has led to significant improvements, failures are still frequent. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the success rates of zirconia crown with compare to other crowns for the restoration of endodonticly treated teeth with excessive loss of material. Methods A total of 45 teeth of patients aged under 10 years, including primary molars and anterior teeth, requiring restoration after root canal treatment, were included in this randomized, non-blinded clinical study. Stainless steel (SSC), zirconia (ZC), and strip (SC) crowns were used and compared clinically and radiographically during a six-month follow-up period. Parents were asked to fill out a questionnaire at one week and six months to evaluate the parent and child satisfaction levels. The patients’ pain and discomfort levels were assessed using a visual analogue scale. The Mann-Whitney U, Chi-Squared and Friedman and Cochran Q tests were used for statistical comparisons using IBM SPSS Statistics version 23 (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA). Results The six-month follow-up evaluations revealed no significant differences in clinical outcomes between the SSC, ZC, and SC groups. There were no significant differences between the groups with respect to parent and child satisfaction. Conclusion The clinical outcomes of ZCs were comparable to those of the other crowns. ZCs could be a choice for aesthetic purposes, with the disadvantage of a higher cost.