In the frame of recent field collecting surveys, four species of Tingidae (Insecta: Heteroptera) new to Vietnam are recorded and three species new to science are described, namely Nectocader vietnamensis, Cetiothucha constanti, and Oncophysa hae. The diversity and richness of Vietnamese Tingidae is discussed, considering the locations visited versus the number of species discovered.

This study presents all known Vietnamese Orthoptera (Saltatoria) from 1887 to 2013 as a summarized checklist that includes currently valid names and synonyms for the fauna with their type localities. The sources are compared with reliable references and Orthoptera species file online. A total of 656 species and 12 families were estimated to occur in Vietnam through present.

Eight species of Issidae (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha) belonging to the tribe Parahiraciini, were collected in recent years in Bach Ma National Park and Phong Dien District in Thừa Thiên-Huế Province in Central Vietnam. A new genus Cyclopissus gen. nov. is erected to accommodate a new species Cyclopissus corticalis gen. et sp. nov. from Bach Ma National Park. Three new species of the genus Flavina Stål, 1861 are described: F. bachmana sp. nov. from Bach Ma National Park and Da Krong Nature Reserve (Quang Tri Province), and F. lami sp. nov. and F. quangi sp. nov. from Bach Ma. Two new species of the genus Pseudochoutagus Che, Zhang & Wang, 2011 are described: Ps. lindae sp. nov. from Bach Ma and Ps. trungi sp. nov. from Phong Dien. One new species of the genus Pusulissus Bourgoin & Wang, 2020, Pu. bachmaensis sp. nov., is described from Bach Ma. Gelastyrella litaoensis Yang, 1994 is recorded from Quang Tri and Thừa Thiên- Huế provinces in Central Vietnam and from Thanh Hoa and Ninh Binh provinces in North Vietnam, for the first time. These eight species represent the first records of the family Issidae for Thừa Thiên-Huế Province and hence, the Vietnamese fauna now counts 58 species in 13 genera. An identification key to the Vietnamese genera of Parahiraciini is given.

The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) related to tribe Cicadini exhibit some of the most remarkable phenotypes in the family, with many genera possessing striking colour patterns and unusual morphological features. This largely Asian group of 13 tribes has proven challenging for cicada taxonomists, in part because of likely convergent evolution or losses of these phenotypes. We present the first focused molecular phylogeny of this clade, including ~60 described genera. The genetic dataset contains 839 ingroup-informative sites (out of 2575) from mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, nuclear elongation factor-1 a, and nuclear acetyltransferase. We use Bayesian and maximum likelihood trees to test recent changes in tribe- and subtribe-level classification, and we reconstruct ancestral character states for potentially convergent traits influencing tribe descriptions. We use fossil and molecular clock calibrations to estimate the temporal and geographic context of the radiation. The tribes Gaeanini, Leptopsaltriini, Platypleurini, Psithyristriini, and Tosenini appear polyphyletic and in need of revision, in part because of convergent evolution of opaque wings and multiple convergent gains or losses of abdominal tubercles. Kalabita Moulton, 1923 is transferred from Platypleurini to Leptopsaltriini. Vittagaeanagen. nov. is established for Vittagaeana pavieicomb. nov. and Vittagaeana divescomb. nov., formerly in Tosena. Sinosenini syn. nov. is synonymised with Dundubiina. Ayuthiini trib. nov. is established with two new subtribes for Ayuthia Distant, 1919 and Distantalna Boulard, 2009, formerly in Tosenini. For the earliest split in the tree, one common ancestor appears to have been Indian + Asian in geographic distribution and the other Asian. We estimate that the radiation began in the middle Cenozoic Era, possibly as recently as the early Miocene. The recent and steady pattern of diversification suggests that refinement of tribe diagnoses will prove challenging. http://zoobank.org:urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:5A6C16F4-5269-453B-BA5C-B29C3394683A

Piper lolot is a species of herb used as a popular food in Vietnam. Furthermore, the species has been used as a Vietnamese traditional medicine to treat many diseases. Chemical constituents in the essential oil from leaves of Piper lolot were determined using GC/MS analysis. The anti-gout and anti-diabetic activities of the essential oil were determined through the inhibitory assays against xanthine oxidase, α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzymes. In addition, molecular docking simulations were used to elucidate the inhibitory mechanism between the main compounds and the enzymes. The dominant constituents of the Piper lolot essential oils were determined as β-caryophyllene (20.6%), β-bisabolene (11.6%), β-selinene (8.4%), β-elemene (7.7%), trans-muurola-4(14),5-diene (7.4%), and (E)-β-ocimene (6.7%). The essential oil displayed xanthine oxidase, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities with IC₅₀ values of 28.4, 130.6, and 59.1 μg/mL, respectively. The anti-gout and anti-diabetic activities of the essential oil from the P. lolot species are reported for the first time. Furthermore, molecular docking simulation was consistent to in vitro experiments. The present study provides initial evidence that the essential oil of P. lolot may be a potential natural source to develop new diabetes preparations.