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(1) Environmental education in an urban setting is crucial in terms of building a harmonious relationship between man and nature. As a kind of special ecological habitat, urban wetland parks provide convenience to enhance education on the natural environment. (2) In this study, we chose Harbin Qunli National Wetland Park in China as the subject, and analyzed the visual attention area with eye tracking to explore the differences in obtaining information about the natural environment in tourists with varying degrees of environmental concern and purposes of visit. A model connecting the perception preference and factors that affect visual attention of tourists was constructed. (3) Studies have shown that eco-society-hedonic tourists, who focus on parent–child activities, tend to pay more attention to wetland plants and prefer exploratory paths, while eco-hedonic tourists, whose main purposes are to relax and exercise, are more concerned about explanatory signs and enjoy flat scenic paths more. In addition, social tourists, who pay their visit for social activities, would care more about bird watching structures. (4) This research aims to assist in improving the legibility of environmental education space through the planning, design, and management of urban wetland parks, and explore the potential of landscape elements in enhancing public awareness.
Xun Zhu; Yaqian Zhang; Wei Zhao. Differences in Environmental Information Acquisition from Urban Green—A Case Study of Qunli National Wetland Park in Harbin, China. Sustainability 2020, 12, 8128 .
AMA StyleXun Zhu, Yaqian Zhang, Wei Zhao. Differences in Environmental Information Acquisition from Urban Green—A Case Study of Qunli National Wetland Park in Harbin, China. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (19):8128.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXun Zhu; Yaqian Zhang; Wei Zhao. 2020. "Differences in Environmental Information Acquisition from Urban Green—A Case Study of Qunli National Wetland Park in Harbin, China." Sustainability 12, no. 19: 8128.
Natural soundscapes have beneficial effects on the perceived restorativeness of an environment. This study examines the effect of birdsong, a common natural soundscape, on perceived restorativeness in Harbin Sun Island Park in China. Eight sites were selected and a series of questionnaire surveys on perceived restorativeness soundscape scale (PRSS) of four birdsong types were conducted during summer and winter. Two-hundred and forty respondents participated in this survey. Analysis of the survey results shows that different types of birdsong have different perceived restorativeness effects in different seasons. Crow birdsong has the worst effect on the perceived restorativeness in both summer and winter. Moreover, sound comfort and preference are significantly associated with the perceived restorativeness. The perceived restorativeness soundscape is best when birdsong is at a height of 4 m rather than 0.5 m or 2 m. The demographic/social factors of age, education, and stress level are all correlated with perceived restorativeness. There are suggestions for urban park design, especially with constructed natural elements. Creating a suitable habitat for multiple species of birds will improve perceived restorativeness. Moreover, appropriate activities should be provided in city parks to ensure restorativeness environments, especially for subjects with high levels of education and stress.
Wei Zhao; Hongyu Li; Xun Zhu; Tianji Ge. Effect of Birdsong Soundscape on Perceived Restorativeness in an Urban Park. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 5659 .
AMA StyleWei Zhao, Hongyu Li, Xun Zhu, Tianji Ge. Effect of Birdsong Soundscape on Perceived Restorativeness in an Urban Park. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (16):5659.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWei Zhao; Hongyu Li; Xun Zhu; Tianji Ge. 2020. "Effect of Birdsong Soundscape on Perceived Restorativeness in an Urban Park." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 16: 5659.
Green spaces in cities and urban parks serve as central areas for mental restoration and relieving pressure, and attention to soundscapes for their mental health benefits has become more prevalent. Birdsongs are perceived to enhance the restorative benefits of urban parks. This study examines Harbin Sun Island Park, the main bird habitat in the city of Harbin with numerous types of landscapes. We used space syntax to select the appropriate path space as a carrier and the pixel grid method to quantify path space shapes. A correlation analysis of field data was also used to explore the perceived restorative effects of birdsongs heard in urban parks using scales detailing the perceived restorative effects of various visual and auditory stimuli. The results show that soundscapes can significantly improve perceived recovery benefits, and that hearing birdsongs can significantly improve the perceived restorative benefits of wetland paths; the sky index of a tour path showed a significantly negative correlation with each feature (i.e., the four featured dimensions of “charm”, “escape”, “ductility” and “compatibility” included in the recovery scale), and the soft/hard ratio showed a significantly negative correlation with each studied feature. When the sky index ranged from 13–36%, tree coverage of the vertical coverage range was 30.28–38.6%, and when the soft/hard ratio ranged from 5–21, the perceived recovery benefit was strongest.
Xun Zhu; Ming Gao; Wei Zhao; Tianji Ge. Does the Presence of Birdsongs Improve Perceived Levels of Mental Restoration from Park Use? Experiments on Parkways of Harbin Sun Island in China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 2271 .
AMA StyleXun Zhu, Ming Gao, Wei Zhao, Tianji Ge. Does the Presence of Birdsongs Improve Perceived Levels of Mental Restoration from Park Use? Experiments on Parkways of Harbin Sun Island in China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (7):2271.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXun Zhu; Ming Gao; Wei Zhao; Tianji Ge. 2020. "Does the Presence of Birdsongs Improve Perceived Levels of Mental Restoration from Park Use? Experiments on Parkways of Harbin Sun Island in China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 7: 2271.
There are similarities and differences between open public space soundscape evaluation in different countries, mainly due to the influence of cultural background. This paper systematically compares the effect of social-cultural context on soundscape of urban public open spaces in China and Croatia. Eleven well-known and typical squares were selected. A series of questionnaire surveys within the soundscape framework were carried out during the summer season, and gathered data were analyzed. Principal component analysis (PCA) resulted in two principal components, eventfulness and pleasantness, as notable soundscape factors. However, eventfulness is the major factor in China, and pleasantness is the major factor in Croatia. In terms of environmental satisfaction, natural condition is the major factor based on PCA. Urban condition is the second factor in China, however, it is the third factor in Croatia. It is interesting to note that the physical environment is the most important factor in Croatian inland and coastal places, which is different compared to Chinese places. Visit purpose is the dominant factor associated with sound and environmental satisfaction. Natural sound and children have mainly positive correlations to sound and environmental satisfaction in China, whereas sounds of human activities have mainly negative correlations to sound and environmental satisfaction in Croatia.
Lingtong Deng; Jian Kang; Wei Zhao; Kristian Jambrošić. Cross-National Comparison of Soundscape in Urban Public Open Spaces between China and Croatia. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 960 .
AMA StyleLingtong Deng, Jian Kang, Wei Zhao, Kristian Jambrošić. Cross-National Comparison of Soundscape in Urban Public Open Spaces between China and Croatia. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (3):960.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLingtong Deng; Jian Kang; Wei Zhao; Kristian Jambrošić. 2020. "Cross-National Comparison of Soundscape in Urban Public Open Spaces between China and Croatia." Applied Sciences 10, no. 3: 960.