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The aim of this work was to identify the most sensitive soil quality indicators and assess soil quality after long-term application of sewage sludge (SS) and conventional mineral fertilization for rainfed cereal production in a sub-humid Mediterranean calcareous soil. The treatments included six combinations of SS at different doses (40 t ha−1 and 80 ha−1) and frequencies (every 1, 2 and 4 years), plus a control with mineral fertilization, and a baseline control without fertilization. Twenty-five years after the onset of the experiment, 37 pre-selected physical, chemical and biological soil parameters were measured, and a minimum data set was determined. Among these indicators, those significantly affected by treatment and depth were selected as sensitive. A principal component analysis (PCA) was then performed for each studied depth. At 0–15 cm, PCA identified three factors (F1, F2 and F3), and at 15–30 cm, two factors (F4 and F5) that explained 71.5% and 67.4% of the variation, respectively, in the soil parameters. The most sensitive indicators (those with the highest correlation within each factor) were related to nutrients (P and N), organic matter, and trace metals (F1 and F4), microporosity (F2), earthworm activity (F3), and exchangeable cations (F5). Only F3 correlated significantly (and negatively) with yield. From these results, we concluded that soil quality can be affected in opposite directions by SS application, and that a holistic approach is needed to better assess soil functioning under SS fertilization in this type of agrosystem.
Ana Simoes-Mota; Rosa Poch; Alberto Enrique; Luis Orcaray; Iñigo Virto. Soil Quality Assessment after 25 Years of Sewage Sludge vs. Mineral Fertilization in a Calcareous Soil. Land 2021, 10, 727 .
AMA StyleAna Simoes-Mota, Rosa Poch, Alberto Enrique, Luis Orcaray, Iñigo Virto. Soil Quality Assessment after 25 Years of Sewage Sludge vs. Mineral Fertilization in a Calcareous Soil. Land. 2021; 10 (7):727.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAna Simoes-Mota; Rosa Poch; Alberto Enrique; Luis Orcaray; Iñigo Virto. 2021. "Soil Quality Assessment after 25 Years of Sewage Sludge vs. Mineral Fertilization in a Calcareous Soil." Land 10, no. 7: 727.
Soil plays a significant role in controlling the global carbon (C) cycle. Studies on climate change mitigation have focused entirely on soil organic carbon (SOC) to increase C sequestration and decrease carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. In contrast, the contribution of soil inorganic carbon (SIC) to CO2 emissions is usually neglected because SIC is generally considered to be very stable. However, the significant worldwide increase in soil acidification, mainly because of intensive N fertilization and high atmospheric deposition, causes a considerable decrease in SIC stocks, leading to very high unaccounted CO2 efflux. Additionally, large areas of acidic soils worldwide are regularly subjected to high SIC applications in the form of lime to remediate acidity, which is another direct source of CO2 emission. Consequently, global efforts to mitigate climate change through SOC sequestration need a revisit as SIC-borne C losses are significant both in terms of C stocks and soil fertility loss, upon which future SOC sequestration will be reduced. Compared to SOC, wherein C stocks can be increased through management, SIC losses are irreversible and cause significant decline in soil health, ecosystem services, and functions. The present review is the first to summarize the current information about acidification-induced intensified SIC losses and their mechanisms. It included: (i) natural and anthropogenic sources and causes of soil acidification, (ii) losses of SIC as HCO3− leaching and CO2 efflux from calcareous soils (7.5 Tg C yr−1) and liming (273 Tg C yr−1) during acidity neutralization, (iii) the relationship between climate change and SIC stocks, (iv) consequences of SIC depletion in soil-plant-water systems, and (v) strategies to remediate and control soil acidification. We concluded that acidification-induced SIC-borne CO2 losses are a major C loss pathway and could jeopardize global efforts to mitigate climate change through SOC sequestration.
Sajjad Raza; Kazem Zamanian; Sami Ullah; Yakov Kuzyakov; Iñigo Virto; Jianbin Zhou. Inorganic carbon losses by soil acidification jeopardize global efforts on carbon sequestration and climate change mitigation. Journal of Cleaner Production 2021, 315, 128036 .
AMA StyleSajjad Raza, Kazem Zamanian, Sami Ullah, Yakov Kuzyakov, Iñigo Virto, Jianbin Zhou. Inorganic carbon losses by soil acidification jeopardize global efforts on carbon sequestration and climate change mitigation. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2021; 315 ():128036.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSajjad Raza; Kazem Zamanian; Sami Ullah; Yakov Kuzyakov; Iñigo Virto; Jianbin Zhou. 2021. "Inorganic carbon losses by soil acidification jeopardize global efforts on carbon sequestration and climate change mitigation." Journal of Cleaner Production 315, no. : 128036.
Climate change adaptation strategies are needed for agriculture, one of the most vulnerable human activities. In Navarre, North of Spain, ongoing adaptive management practices were identified and promoted in the framework of a regional adaptation strategy. Most include practices aiming to increase topsoil organic carbon (SOC) in agricultural land. In this work, the effectiveness of these practices (conservation agriculture, crop rotations, additions of organic matter, irrigation, and controlled grazing management) was assessed by means of monitoring SOC in a network of 159 agricultural fields across the region. These fields were selected across bioclimatic zones, where soil vulnerabilities and land-uses were previously assessed, to represent the most widespread conditions in the region. A sampling protocol designed to compare SOC stocks in plots with equal soil conditions within each zone, and with or without adaptive practices, allowed the determination of their effect size (measured as response ratios, RR). Exogenous organic matter addition was the most effective practice for SOC storage (RR 95% confidence interval (CI) [1.25–1.37]) across the region. Controlled grazing also resulted in net SOC gains (RR CI [1.13–1.42]) in temperate and semiarid grasslands. Conservation agriculture seemed to be more effective in the driest zone (RR CI [1.30–1.53]) than in the more humid ones (RR CI [0.98–1.21]). Irrigation also displayed a net positive effect (RR CI [1.17–1.34]), modulated by irrigated crop management, whereas crop rotations had an overall negative impact vs. monoculture (RR CI [0.84–0.96]), likely by their interaction with irrigation. These results confirm the variability in SOC responses to changes in management, and SOC as an indicator for assessing regional adaptation practices, although other biophysical, agronomic, and socio-economic factors also need to be accounted for.
Rodrigo Antón; Francisco Javier Arricibita; Alberto Ruiz-Sagaseta; Alberto Enrique; Isabel de Soto; Luis Orcaray; Armelle Zaragüeta; Iñigo Virto. Soil organic carbon monitoring to assess agricultural climate change adaptation practices in Navarre, Spain. Regional Environmental Change 2021, 21, 1 -15.
AMA StyleRodrigo Antón, Francisco Javier Arricibita, Alberto Ruiz-Sagaseta, Alberto Enrique, Isabel de Soto, Luis Orcaray, Armelle Zaragüeta, Iñigo Virto. Soil organic carbon monitoring to assess agricultural climate change adaptation practices in Navarre, Spain. Regional Environmental Change. 2021; 21 (3):1-15.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRodrigo Antón; Francisco Javier Arricibita; Alberto Ruiz-Sagaseta; Alberto Enrique; Isabel de Soto; Luis Orcaray; Armelle Zaragüeta; Iñigo Virto. 2021. "Soil organic carbon monitoring to assess agricultural climate change adaptation practices in Navarre, Spain." Regional Environmental Change 21, no. 3: 1-15.
Sewage sludge (SS) can be used as an organic amendment in agricultural soils, provided they comply with the relevant legislation. This use can incorporate traces of metals into the soil, which can cause environmental or human health problems. In the study period between 1992 and 2018 (26 years), it was observed that the use of SS as an organic fertilizer significantly increased the total concentration of Zn, Cu, Cr, Ni and Hg of this study between 55.6% (Hg) and 7.0% (Ni). The concentration of Zn, Cu, Pb, Ni and Cd extracted with DTPA, also increased between 122.2% (Zn) and 11.3% (Cd). In contrast, the Mn concentrations extracted with Diethylene Triamine Pentaacetic Acid (DTPA)were 6.5% higher in the treatments without SS. These changes in the soil had an impact on the crop, which showed a significant increase in the concentration of Zn, Cu and Cr in the grain, between 15.0% (Cr) and 4.4% (Cu), and a decrease in the concentration of Mn, Cr and Ni in the barley straw when SS was added to the soil between 32.2% (Mn) and 29.6% (Ni). However, the limits established by current legislation on soil protection and food were not exceeded. This limited transfer to the crop, is likely due to the high content of carbonates and organic matter in the soil, which limit the bioavailability of most of the trace metals (TM) in the soil. As a conclusion, we observe that the use of SS as an organic amendment increased the concentration of some TM in the soil, in its bioavailable forms, and in the crop.
Armelle Zaragüeta; Alberto Enrique; Iñigo Virto; Rodrigo Antón; Henar Urmeneta; Luis Orcaray. Effect of the Long-Term Application of Sewage Sludge to A Calcareous Soil on Its Total and Bioavailable Content in Trace Elements, and Their Transfer to the Crop. Minerals 2021, 11, 356 .
AMA StyleArmelle Zaragüeta, Alberto Enrique, Iñigo Virto, Rodrigo Antón, Henar Urmeneta, Luis Orcaray. Effect of the Long-Term Application of Sewage Sludge to A Calcareous Soil on Its Total and Bioavailable Content in Trace Elements, and Their Transfer to the Crop. Minerals. 2021; 11 (4):356.
Chicago/Turabian StyleArmelle Zaragüeta; Alberto Enrique; Iñigo Virto; Rodrigo Antón; Henar Urmeneta; Luis Orcaray. 2021. "Effect of the Long-Term Application of Sewage Sludge to A Calcareous Soil on Its Total and Bioavailable Content in Trace Elements, and Their Transfer to the Crop." Minerals 11, no. 4: 356.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the different agricultural management adaptive strategies considered in the framework of a regional climate change adaptation roadmap in Navarre (Spain), from the point of view of soil physical indicators associated to soil compaction and water retention. These indicators were chosen as representative of the potential of these strategies to improve the soil physical condition. That for, the effectiveness of conservation agriculture (CA), crop rotations (ROT), additions of organic matter (ExO), irrigation (IRR) and innovative grassland management (GSS) was assessed by monitoring soil bulk density (BD) and soil available water holding capacity (AWHC) in a network of 159 agricultural fields across homogeneous agro-climatic zones in the region. A sampling protocol designed to compare groups of plots with or without adaptive practices, and with equal soil characteristics within each zone, allowed to determine the effect size of each strategy (measured as response ratios, RR, calculated as the relative value of BD and AWHC in fields with adaptive management vs. without). Both parameters responded to soil and crop management, although the observed effect was highly variable. Only the ExO strategy showed an overall positive effect on BD. ROT, IRR and GSS displayed no effect and, in the case of CA, the effect was negative. In terms of AWHC, although the results within the zones were heterogeneous, the overall effect associated to the strategies ROT, ExO, IRR and GSS was neutral, and only CA resulted in an overall negative effect. The observed variability in terms of the effectiveness of the five strategies tested in this region highlights the need to understand the complexity of interrelationships between management and dynamic soil properties at the regional scale.
Rodrigo Antón; Alberto Ruiz-Sagaseta; Luis Orcaray; Francisco Arricibita; Alberto Enrique; Isabel Soto; Iñigo Virto. Soil Water Retention and Soil Compaction Assessment in a Regional-Scale Strategy to Improve Climate Change Adaptation of Agriculture in Navarre, Spain. Agronomy 2021, 11, 607 .
AMA StyleRodrigo Antón, Alberto Ruiz-Sagaseta, Luis Orcaray, Francisco Arricibita, Alberto Enrique, Isabel Soto, Iñigo Virto. Soil Water Retention and Soil Compaction Assessment in a Regional-Scale Strategy to Improve Climate Change Adaptation of Agriculture in Navarre, Spain. Agronomy. 2021; 11 (3):607.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRodrigo Antón; Alberto Ruiz-Sagaseta; Luis Orcaray; Francisco Arricibita; Alberto Enrique; Isabel Soto; Iñigo Virto. 2021. "Soil Water Retention and Soil Compaction Assessment in a Regional-Scale Strategy to Improve Climate Change Adaptation of Agriculture in Navarre, Spain." Agronomy 11, no. 3: 607.
In the European Union, the setting of Operational Groups (OG) is supported by the European Innovation Partnership to tackle specific problems and favor innovation in agriculture. They constitute an important aspect of the current Common Agricultural Policy. Increasing or maintaining soil organic carbon (SOC) content under arable farming has been acknowledged as a primary target of European agriculture. SOC-preserving agriculture needs its techniques to be tailored to local conditions, namely, the combination of factors related to the environment (climate and soil characteristics), to the farming system (land use type, farm specialization, crop management), but also to the social and cultural context (market and availability of production means, subsidies, farmers’ education, propensity for innovation and change). In this paper we present inspirational ideas and show success examples of local adaptations strategies to increase or maintain SOC content in soils under arable farming in Europe. They include: · Adoption of soil management strategies to improve SOC storage in irrigated systems. · Precision farming and other high-tech solutions able to generate local diagnosis and adaptive strategies for increasing SOC and reducing greenhouse gasses emissions. · Innovative strategies for extending soil cover periods and introducing cover crops in rotations in areas with limited water availability or prone to harsh weather conditions. · Management of rainfed and low input crops to maintain and increase SOC in dry climates and erosive prone soils. These case studies could facilitate the setting up of OGs and the application of innovative practices in different European countries.
E.A.C. Costantini; D. Antichi; M. Almagro; K. Hedlund; G. Sarno; I. Virto. Local adaptation strategies to increase or maintain soil organic carbon content under arable farming in Europe: Inspirational ideas for setting operational groups within the European innovation partnership. Journal of Rural Studies 2020, 79, 102 -115.
AMA StyleE.A.C. Costantini, D. Antichi, M. Almagro, K. Hedlund, G. Sarno, I. Virto. Local adaptation strategies to increase or maintain soil organic carbon content under arable farming in Europe: Inspirational ideas for setting operational groups within the European innovation partnership. Journal of Rural Studies. 2020; 79 ():102-115.
Chicago/Turabian StyleE.A.C. Costantini; D. Antichi; M. Almagro; K. Hedlund; G. Sarno; I. Virto. 2020. "Local adaptation strategies to increase or maintain soil organic carbon content under arable farming in Europe: Inspirational ideas for setting operational groups within the European innovation partnership." Journal of Rural Studies 79, no. : 102-115.
The Life Nadapta project (https://lifenadapta.navarra.es/en/inicio) aims to develop a regional-scale integrated strategy for climate change adaptation in the region of Navarre (Spain). This strategy encompasses the most affected economic sectors, including agriculture. Agriculture is highly dependent on climatic conditions, and therefore especially vulnerable to changes in climate. This vulnerability is dependent, among other factors, on soil characteristics and condition. The interaction of this vulnerability with the exposure of agrosystems to climate change impacts (drivers of change) can explain the expected risks associated to these impacts.
Understanding the resilience and possibilities of adaptation of agrosystems requires assessing how they can modulate their vulnerability and/or reduce their exposure. Agricultural management, and in particular, soil organic matter management play a key role in this sense.
In this framework, the project assesses the vulnerability and adaptability of agrosystems in three steps: First, a preliminary diagnosis of soils vulnerability in the territory was conducted, including a division in 12 homogeneous areas and the particular assessment of soil characteristic in each of them. Then, three major strategies of agricultural management aiming to improve the adaptability of agrosystems (namely crop rotations, organic fertilization and conservation agriculture) will be assessed by selecting representative agricultural plots under contrasted management in each of the areas. More than 150 plots will be included in this assessment, that makes a regional network for monitoring. That for, a specific sampling design was developed to effectively reflect the variability and different soil characteristics, and ant the same time, grant homogeneous paired comparisons. As the three strategies are known to have a potential to increase soil organic C (SOC) stocks, and to modify other soil parameters such as water retention or erodibility, the last phase consists in assessing SOC and other indicators of soil condition, under the light of the projected climate change scenarios and identified impacts in the region.
Preliminary results show differences in vulnerability for the selected areas, and different responses of SOC and other soil indicators to the strategies tested, depending on the natural characteristics of the soils and the historical land-use in the territory.
Inigo Virto; Rodrigo Antón; Fco. Javier Arricibita; Alberto Ruiz-Sagaseta; Alberto Enrique; Isabel De Soto; Luis Orcaray; Armel Zaragüeta. LIFE Nadapta: A regional-scale strategy using soil condition assessment for evaluating climate change vulnerability and adaptation of agriculture in Navarre, Spain. 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleInigo Virto, Rodrigo Antón, Fco. Javier Arricibita, Alberto Ruiz-Sagaseta, Alberto Enrique, Isabel De Soto, Luis Orcaray, Armel Zaragüeta. LIFE Nadapta: A regional-scale strategy using soil condition assessment for evaluating climate change vulnerability and adaptation of agriculture in Navarre, Spain. . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleInigo Virto; Rodrigo Antón; Fco. Javier Arricibita; Alberto Ruiz-Sagaseta; Alberto Enrique; Isabel De Soto; Luis Orcaray; Armel Zaragüeta. 2020. "LIFE Nadapta: A regional-scale strategy using soil condition assessment for evaluating climate change vulnerability and adaptation of agriculture in Navarre, Spain." , no. : 1.
Soil organisms, including earthworms, are a key component of terrestrial ecosystems. However, little is known about their diversity, their distribution, and the threats affecting them. We compiled a global dataset of sampled earthworm communities from 9212 sites in 57 countries as a basis for predicting patterns in earthworm diversity, abundance, and biomass. We found that local species richness and abundance typically peaked at mid-latitudes, displaying patterns opposite to those observed in aboveground organisms. However, high species dissimilarity across tropical locations may cause diversity across the entirety of the tropics to be higher than elsewhere. Climate variables and habitat cover were found to be more important in shaping earthworm communities than soil properties. These findings suggest that climate and habitat change may have serious implications for earthworm communities and for the functions they provide.
Helen R. P. Phillips; Carlos A. Guerra; Marie L. C. Bartz; Maria J. I. Briones; George Brown; Thomas W. Crowther; Olga Ferlian; Konstantin B. Gongalsky; Johan Van Den Hoogen; Julia Krebs; Alberto Orgiazzi; Devin Routh; Benjamin Schwarz; Elizabeth M. Bach; Joanne M. Bennett; Ulrich Brose; Thibaud Decaëns; Birgitta König-Ries; Michel Loreau; Jérôme Mathieu; Christian Mulder; Wim H. van der Putten; Kelly S. Ramirez; Matthias C. Rillig; David Russell; Michiel Rutgers; Madhav P. Thakur; Franciska T. de Vries; Diana H. Wall; David A. Wardle; Miwa Arai; Fredrick O. Ayuke; Geoff H. Baker; Robin Beauséjour; José C. Bedano; Klaus Birkhofer; Eric Blanchart; Bernd Blossey; Thomas Bolger; Robert L. Bradley; Mac A. Callaham; Yvan Capowiez; Mark E. Caulfield; Amy Choi; Felicity V. Crotty; Andrea Dávalos; Darío J. Diaz Cosin; Anahí Dominguez; Andrés Esteban Duhour; Nick van Eekeren; Christoph Emmerling; Liliana B. Falco; Rosa Fernández; Steven J. Fonte; Carlos Fragoso; André L. C. Franco; Martine Fugère; Abegail T. Fusilero; Shaieste Gholami; Michael J. Gundale; Mónica Gutiérrez López; Davorka K. Hackenberger; Luis M. Hernández; Takuo Hishi; Andrew R. Holdsworth; Martin Holmstrup; Kristine N. Hopfensperger; Esperanza Huerta Lwanga; Veikko Huhta; Tunsisa T. Hurisso; Basil V. Iannone; Madalina Iordache; Monika Joschko; Nobuhiro Kaneko; Radoslava Kanianska; Aidan M. Keith; Courtland A. Kelly; Maria L. Kernecker; Jonatan Klaminder; Armand W. Koné; Yahya Kooch; Sanna T. Kukkonen; H. Lalthanzara; Daniel R. Lammel; Iurii M. Lebedev; Yiqing Li; Juan B. Jesus Lidon; Noa K. Lincoln; Scott R. Loss; Raphael Marichal; Radim Matula; Jan Hendrik Moos; Gerardo Moreno; Alejandro Morón-Ríos; Bart Muys; Johan Neirynck; Lindsey Norgrove; Marta Novo; Visa Nuutinen; Victoria Nuzzo; Mujeeb Rahman P; Johan Pansu; Shishir Paudel; Guénola Pérès; Lorenzo Pérez-Camacho; Raúl Piñeiro; Jean-François Ponge; Muhammad Imtiaz Rashid; Salvador Rebollo; Javier Rodeiro-Iglesias; Miguel Á. Rodríguez; Alexander M. Roth; Guillaume X. Rousseau; Anna Rozen; Ehsan Sayad; Loes van Schaik; Bryant C. Scharenbroch; Michael Schirrmann; Olaf Schmidt; Boris Schröder; Julia Seeber; Maxim P. Shashkov; Jaswinder Singh; Sandy M. Smith; Michael Steinwandter; José A. Talavera; Dolores Trigo; Jiro Tsukamoto; Anne W. de Valença; Steven J. Vanek; Iñigo Virto; Adrian A. Wackett; Matthew W. Warren; Nathaniel H. Wehr; JoAnn K. Whalen; Michael B. Wironen; Volkmar Wolters; Irina V. Zenkova; Weixin Zhang; Erin K. Cameron; Nico Eisenhauer. Global distribution of earthworm diversity. Science 2019, 366, 480 -485.
AMA StyleHelen R. P. Phillips, Carlos A. Guerra, Marie L. C. Bartz, Maria J. I. Briones, George Brown, Thomas W. Crowther, Olga Ferlian, Konstantin B. Gongalsky, Johan Van Den Hoogen, Julia Krebs, Alberto Orgiazzi, Devin Routh, Benjamin Schwarz, Elizabeth M. Bach, Joanne M. Bennett, Ulrich Brose, Thibaud Decaëns, Birgitta König-Ries, Michel Loreau, Jérôme Mathieu, Christian Mulder, Wim H. van der Putten, Kelly S. Ramirez, Matthias C. Rillig, David Russell, Michiel Rutgers, Madhav P. Thakur, Franciska T. de Vries, Diana H. Wall, David A. Wardle, Miwa Arai, Fredrick O. Ayuke, Geoff H. Baker, Robin Beauséjour, José C. Bedano, Klaus Birkhofer, Eric Blanchart, Bernd Blossey, Thomas Bolger, Robert L. Bradley, Mac A. Callaham, Yvan Capowiez, Mark E. Caulfield, Amy Choi, Felicity V. Crotty, Andrea Dávalos, Darío J. Diaz Cosin, Anahí Dominguez, Andrés Esteban Duhour, Nick van Eekeren, Christoph Emmerling, Liliana B. Falco, Rosa Fernández, Steven J. Fonte, Carlos Fragoso, André L. C. Franco, Martine Fugère, Abegail T. Fusilero, Shaieste Gholami, Michael J. Gundale, Mónica Gutiérrez López, Davorka K. Hackenberger, Luis M. Hernández, Takuo Hishi, Andrew R. Holdsworth, Martin Holmstrup, Kristine N. Hopfensperger, Esperanza Huerta Lwanga, Veikko Huhta, Tunsisa T. Hurisso, Basil V. Iannone, Madalina Iordache, Monika Joschko, Nobuhiro Kaneko, Radoslava Kanianska, Aidan M. Keith, Courtland A. Kelly, Maria L. Kernecker, Jonatan Klaminder, Armand W. Koné, Yahya Kooch, Sanna T. Kukkonen, H. Lalthanzara, Daniel R. Lammel, Iurii M. Lebedev, Yiqing Li, Juan B. Jesus Lidon, Noa K. Lincoln, Scott R. Loss, Raphael Marichal, Radim Matula, Jan Hendrik Moos, Gerardo Moreno, Alejandro Morón-Ríos, Bart Muys, Johan Neirynck, Lindsey Norgrove, Marta Novo, Visa Nuutinen, Victoria Nuzzo, Mujeeb Rahman P, Johan Pansu, Shishir Paudel, Guénola Pérès, Lorenzo Pérez-Camacho, Raúl Piñeiro, Jean-François Ponge, Muhammad Imtiaz Rashid, Salvador Rebollo, Javier Rodeiro-Iglesias, Miguel Á. Rodríguez, Alexander M. Roth, Guillaume X. Rousseau, Anna Rozen, Ehsan Sayad, Loes van Schaik, Bryant C. Scharenbroch, Michael Schirrmann, Olaf Schmidt, Boris Schröder, Julia Seeber, Maxim P. Shashkov, Jaswinder Singh, Sandy M. Smith, Michael Steinwandter, José A. Talavera, Dolores Trigo, Jiro Tsukamoto, Anne W. de Valença, Steven J. Vanek, Iñigo Virto, Adrian A. Wackett, Matthew W. Warren, Nathaniel H. Wehr, JoAnn K. Whalen, Michael B. Wironen, Volkmar Wolters, Irina V. Zenkova, Weixin Zhang, Erin K. Cameron, Nico Eisenhauer. Global distribution of earthworm diversity. Science. 2019; 366 (6464):480-485.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHelen R. P. Phillips; Carlos A. Guerra; Marie L. C. Bartz; Maria J. I. Briones; George Brown; Thomas W. Crowther; Olga Ferlian; Konstantin B. Gongalsky; Johan Van Den Hoogen; Julia Krebs; Alberto Orgiazzi; Devin Routh; Benjamin Schwarz; Elizabeth M. Bach; Joanne M. Bennett; Ulrich Brose; Thibaud Decaëns; Birgitta König-Ries; Michel Loreau; Jérôme Mathieu; Christian Mulder; Wim H. van der Putten; Kelly S. Ramirez; Matthias C. Rillig; David Russell; Michiel Rutgers; Madhav P. Thakur; Franciska T. de Vries; Diana H. Wall; David A. Wardle; Miwa Arai; Fredrick O. Ayuke; Geoff H. Baker; Robin Beauséjour; José C. Bedano; Klaus Birkhofer; Eric Blanchart; Bernd Blossey; Thomas Bolger; Robert L. Bradley; Mac A. Callaham; Yvan Capowiez; Mark E. Caulfield; Amy Choi; Felicity V. Crotty; Andrea Dávalos; Darío J. Diaz Cosin; Anahí Dominguez; Andrés Esteban Duhour; Nick van Eekeren; Christoph Emmerling; Liliana B. Falco; Rosa Fernández; Steven J. Fonte; Carlos Fragoso; André L. C. Franco; Martine Fugère; Abegail T. Fusilero; Shaieste Gholami; Michael J. Gundale; Mónica Gutiérrez López; Davorka K. Hackenberger; Luis M. Hernández; Takuo Hishi; Andrew R. Holdsworth; Martin Holmstrup; Kristine N. Hopfensperger; Esperanza Huerta Lwanga; Veikko Huhta; Tunsisa T. Hurisso; Basil V. Iannone; Madalina Iordache; Monika Joschko; Nobuhiro Kaneko; Radoslava Kanianska; Aidan M. Keith; Courtland A. Kelly; Maria L. Kernecker; Jonatan Klaminder; Armand W. Koné; Yahya Kooch; Sanna T. Kukkonen; H. Lalthanzara; Daniel R. Lammel; Iurii M. Lebedev; Yiqing Li; Juan B. Jesus Lidon; Noa K. Lincoln; Scott R. Loss; Raphael Marichal; Radim Matula; Jan Hendrik Moos; Gerardo Moreno; Alejandro Morón-Ríos; Bart Muys; Johan Neirynck; Lindsey Norgrove; Marta Novo; Visa Nuutinen; Victoria Nuzzo; Mujeeb Rahman P; Johan Pansu; Shishir Paudel; Guénola Pérès; Lorenzo Pérez-Camacho; Raúl Piñeiro; Jean-François Ponge; Muhammad Imtiaz Rashid; Salvador Rebollo; Javier Rodeiro-Iglesias; Miguel Á. Rodríguez; Alexander M. Roth; Guillaume X. Rousseau; Anna Rozen; Ehsan Sayad; Loes van Schaik; Bryant C. Scharenbroch; Michael Schirrmann; Olaf Schmidt; Boris Schröder; Julia Seeber; Maxim P. Shashkov; Jaswinder Singh; Sandy M. Smith; Michael Steinwandter; José A. Talavera; Dolores Trigo; Jiro Tsukamoto; Anne W. de Valença; Steven J. Vanek; Iñigo Virto; Adrian A. Wackett; Matthew W. Warren; Nathaniel H. Wehr; JoAnn K. Whalen; Michael B. Wironen; Volkmar Wolters; Irina V. Zenkova; Weixin Zhang; Erin K. Cameron; Nico Eisenhauer. 2019. "Global distribution of earthworm diversity." Science 366, no. 6464: 480-485.
Soil minerals are known to play a major role in soil organic carbon (SOC) stabilization. However, the exact nature of the role is still poorly understood as comparative studies are complicated by the fact that mineralogy usually varies with other important factors such as climate, land-use, texture and acidity. This study investigated naturally-occurring minerals and C storage in nine mature, second-rotation Pinus radiata D. Don forest plantations at a similar development stage and growing under similar climatic conditions, but established on soils derived from three different parent materials: sandstone, basalt and trachyte. We quantified the SOC stocks in the 0–20 cm soil layer, clay-size minerals and metal oxides. The distribution of SOC in labile and mineral-bound fractions and the chemical structure of the SOC were also determined, by CPMAS NMR spectroscopy. For similar tree biomass, mean SOC storage was 2 times higher in the soils derived from basalt and 2.5 times higher in the soils derived from trachyte which were relatively rich in chlorite/vermiculite mixed layers and short-range order aluminium and iron forms, than in the sandstone-derived soils dominated by illite and with no short-range order aluminium. The parent material also affected the major C components of the SOC. Thus, the proportion of aromatic-C forms in the total SOC was higher in the sandstone-derived soil than in the soils of volcanic origin. Furthermore, the proportion of SOC in the mineral-bound fraction was around 30% in the sandstone-derived soil and around 50% in the volcanic soils. We conclude that estimates of ecosystem SOC stocks in acid temperate forest soils should include proxies for clay mineralogy, such as phyllosilicate minerals, contents of Fe and Al (hydr-) oxides and non-crystalline compounds. In addition, we recommend the inclusion of soil parent material as a proxy in models aimed at estimating regional SOC stocks.
Nahia Gartzia-Bengoetxea; Iñigo Virto; Ander Arias-González; Alberto Enrique; Oihane Fernández-Ugalde; Pierre Barré. Mineral control of organic carbon storage in acid temperate forest soils in the Basque Country. Geoderma 2019, 358, 113998 .
AMA StyleNahia Gartzia-Bengoetxea, Iñigo Virto, Ander Arias-González, Alberto Enrique, Oihane Fernández-Ugalde, Pierre Barré. Mineral control of organic carbon storage in acid temperate forest soils in the Basque Country. Geoderma. 2019; 358 ():113998.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNahia Gartzia-Bengoetxea; Iñigo Virto; Ander Arias-González; Alberto Enrique; Oihane Fernández-Ugalde; Pierre Barré. 2019. "Mineral control of organic carbon storage in acid temperate forest soils in the Basque Country." Geoderma 358, no. : 113998.
Stony soils are distributed all over the world. The study of their characteristics has gained importance lately due to their increasing use as agricultural soils. The effect that rock fragments exert on the soil hydraulic properties is difficult to measure in situ, and is usually derived from the fine earth properties. However, the corrections used so far do not seem accurate for all types of stony soils. Our objective was to assess the adequacy of estimating the hydraulic properties of a stony soil from the fine earth ones by correcting the latter by the volume occupied by rock fragments. To do that, we first assessed the validity of different approaches for estimating the hydraulic properties of a stone-free and a stony (40% rock fragments) cylinder prepared with samples from the same silt loam soil. The functions relating to the soil hydraulic properties (θ-h, K-h-θ) were estimated by the Wind method and by inverse estimation, using data from an evaporation experiment where the soil water content and pressure head were measured at different soil depths over time. Results from the evaporation experiment were compared to those obtained by applying the equation that corrects fine earth properties by the rock fragments volume. Wind and the Inverse Estimation methods were successfully applied to estimate soil water content and hydraulic conductivity from the stony soil experiment, except for some uncertainties caused by the limited range of suction in which the experiment was conducted. The application of an equation for adjusting the soil water content at different pressure heads (allowing for defining the soil water retention curve, SWRC), and the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity (K) directly from the stone content was not satisfactory. K values obtained from the measured data were higher than those inferred by the correcting equation in the wet range, but decreased much faster with a decreasing pressure head. The use of this equation did therefore not take into account the effect that the creation of lacunar pores by the presence of rock fragments likely exerts on water flow processes. The use of such correction needs therefore to be revised and new approaches are needed for estimating the hydraulic conductivity in stony soils. In relation to SWRC, a new equation to calculate the water content of a stony soil accounting for the influence of possible lacunar pores is proposed.
Nerea Arias; Iñigo Virto; Alberto Enrique; Paloma Bescansa; Riley Walton; Ole Wendroth. Effect of Stoniness on the Hydraulic Properties of a Soil from an Evaporation Experiment Using the Wind and Inverse Estimation Methods. Water 2019, 11, 440 .
AMA StyleNerea Arias, Iñigo Virto, Alberto Enrique, Paloma Bescansa, Riley Walton, Ole Wendroth. Effect of Stoniness on the Hydraulic Properties of a Soil from an Evaporation Experiment Using the Wind and Inverse Estimation Methods. Water. 2019; 11 (3):440.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNerea Arias; Iñigo Virto; Alberto Enrique; Paloma Bescansa; Riley Walton; Ole Wendroth. 2019. "Effect of Stoniness on the Hydraulic Properties of a Soil from an Evaporation Experiment Using the Wind and Inverse Estimation Methods." Water 11, no. 3: 440.
Legume plants can promote C storage by enhancing the formation and stabilization of soil aggregates that protect soil organic C (SOC) from mineralization. However, this effect can vary with soil biochemical properties, environmental conditions and legume species. This work aimed to test if including grain legumes in rotation with cereals in a sandy acid soil in a Mediterranean climate can enhance aggregation and SOC storage. Triticale (× Triticosecale ‘Alter’ cv.) fodder was monocultivated with and without synthetic-N fertilizer and in rotation either with irrigated cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata’ Fradel’ cv.), rainfed faba beans (Vicia faba ‘Favel’ cv.) or peas (Pisum sativum ‘Grisel’ cv.) in a sandy loam Cambisol for three years. Legume residues were incorporated into the soil after grain harvest. Crop yields and respective organic C inputs were determined. Topsoil (0–20 cm) samples were analyzed for clay-size minerals mineralogy and mass and C distribution in aggregate-size fractions obtained by wet-sieving. SOC stocks were calculated before and after the trial and in non-cultivated controls. Despite differences in C inputs to the soil, SOC storage was not enhanced with legume cultivation. This may be due to the short duration of the experiment or to the low clay content (10%) and very low reactivity of the clay-size minerals (kaolinite-dominated) of the soil, which seem to have weakened SOC protection. However, non-cultivated controls had up to three times higher SOC stocks, indicating that organic C can be stored in this soil under adequate conditions. Nonetheless, a legume-effect on soil aggregation was observed. Introducing irrigated cowpea in the rotation maintained soil structure, as evidenced by a similar macroaggregate (>250 μm, Magg) content to the baseline, which was deteriorated in the fertilized cereal monoculture in the respective site (less Magg than the baseline). Furthermore, including rainfed faba bean in the rotation improved the soil structure (more Magg than the baseline), which was similar to the baseline when pea was used instead or when cereal was monocropped with synthetic N fertilizer. We conclude that including legumes in rotation with cereal can benefit soil structure in the short-term in the studied edaphoclimatic conditions, but these benefits depend on legume species and agricultural management. However, beneficial effects in SOC stock seem not to be attainable in these conditions in such a short period.
Miguel Oliveira; Pierre Barré; Henrique Trindade; Iñigo Virto. Different efficiencies of grain legumes in crop rotations to improve soil aggregation and organic carbon in the short-term in a sandy Cambisol. Soil and Tillage Research 2018, 186, 23 -35.
AMA StyleMiguel Oliveira, Pierre Barré, Henrique Trindade, Iñigo Virto. Different efficiencies of grain legumes in crop rotations to improve soil aggregation and organic carbon in the short-term in a sandy Cambisol. Soil and Tillage Research. 2018; 186 ():23-35.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMiguel Oliveira; Pierre Barré; Henrique Trindade; Iñigo Virto. 2018. "Different efficiencies of grain legumes in crop rotations to improve soil aggregation and organic carbon in the short-term in a sandy Cambisol." Soil and Tillage Research 186, no. : 23-35.
Marcos Apesteguia; Alain F. Plante; Iñigo Virto. Methods assessment for organic and inorganic carbon quantification in calcareous soils of the Mediterranean region. Geoderma Regional 2018, 12, 39 -48.
AMA StyleMarcos Apesteguia, Alain F. Plante, Iñigo Virto. Methods assessment for organic and inorganic carbon quantification in calcareous soils of the Mediterranean region. Geoderma Regional. 2018; 12 ():39-48.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarcos Apesteguia; Alain F. Plante; Iñigo Virto. 2018. "Methods assessment for organic and inorganic carbon quantification in calcareous soils of the Mediterranean region." Geoderma Regional 12, no. : 39-48.
Adesiji R. Adeolu; Katerina Agelaki; Taofic Alabi; Jorge Álvaro-Fuentes; Andry Andriamananjara; Riana H. Andrisoa; Rodrigo Antón; Marcos Apesteguia; José L. Arrúe; Shrikant Badole; Dhananjay Barman; Andreas Baumgarten; Pratap Bhattacharyya; Ana Bielsa; Márta Birkás; Juan A. Blanco; Bernard Bodson; Nadhem Brahim; Yves Brostaux; Asuman Büyükkılıç-Yanardag; Alison Cameron; María B. Almendro Candel; Carlos Cantero-Martínez; Dora M. Carmona-Garcés; Daniel Cluzeau; Gilles Colinet; Ashim Datta; Denise De Lima Dias Delarica; Gabriel M.P. De Melo; Valéria P. De Melo; Wanderley J. De Melo; Eráclito R. de Sousa-Neto; Márton Dencső; Georg Dersch; Claudia Di Bene; Riviane M.A. Donha; Javier Jerez Escolano; Roberta Farina; Ángel Faz; Ángel Faz-Cano; Rosa Francaviglia; Frédéric Francis; Uwe Franko; Jan Frouz; Noelia Garcia-Franco; Györgyi Gelybó; Luciene Gomes; Melisa Gómez-Garrido; Ralf Gründling; Eric Haubruge; Jennifer Hewson; Eleanor Hobley; Ágota Horel; Rico Hübner; Hatem Ibrahim; Julia P.G. Jones; Christophe Jourdan; Ilona Kása; Victor Kavvadias; Georgios Koubouris; Anantha Krishna Chaitanya; Aboulkacem Lemtiri; Beatriz Lozano-García; I. Gomez Lucas; Shyam Prasad Majumder; Stella Malliaraki; Biswapati Mandal; Alessandro Marchetti; Silvia Martínez-Martínez; Juan José Martínez-Sánchez; Thamer A. Mohammad; José Luis Moreno; Maria Angeles Muñoz; Nathália Nascimento; Nik N. Nik Daud; Rafael Obregón-Romero; Alfonso Olaya-Abril; Claire Olivier; Jean P. Ometto; Sara Ondoño; Felipe Pacheco; Dhaneshwar Padhan; Maria Papadopoulou; Luis Parras-Alcántara; J. Navarro Pedreño; Chiara Piccini; Jérome Pierreux; Alain Plante; Daniel Plaza-Bonilla; Georgios Psarras; Akhilesh Singh Raghubanshi; Gabrielle Rajoelison; Tahiana Ramananantoandro; Nantenaina Ramboatiana; Nandrianina Ramifehiarivo; Ntsoa Ranaivoson; Andriambolantsoa Rasolohery; Marie P. Razafimanantsoa; Tantely Razafimbelo; Ravo N.G. Razafinarivo; Mieja Razafindrakoto; Herintsitohaina Razakamanarivo; Padfield Rory; Laurent Saint-André; Taru Sandén; Alexander K. Sayok; Rishikesh Singh; Hema Singh; Heide Spiegel; Pratap Srivastava; Evers Stephanie; Martire A. Terrero; Sideris Theocharopoulos; Eszter Toth; SachchidaNand Tripathi; Antonio Troccoli; Ilja Van Meerveld; Evangelia Vavoulidou; Olga Vindušková; Iñigo Virto; Martin Wiesmeier; Raúl Zornoza; Antonis A. Zorpas. Contributors. Soil Management and Climate Change 2018, 1 .
AMA StyleAdesiji R. Adeolu, Katerina Agelaki, Taofic Alabi, Jorge Álvaro-Fuentes, Andry Andriamananjara, Riana H. Andrisoa, Rodrigo Antón, Marcos Apesteguia, José L. Arrúe, Shrikant Badole, Dhananjay Barman, Andreas Baumgarten, Pratap Bhattacharyya, Ana Bielsa, Márta Birkás, Juan A. Blanco, Bernard Bodson, Nadhem Brahim, Yves Brostaux, Asuman Büyükkılıç-Yanardag, Alison Cameron, María B. Almendro Candel, Carlos Cantero-Martínez, Dora M. Carmona-Garcés, Daniel Cluzeau, Gilles Colinet, Ashim Datta, Denise De Lima Dias Delarica, Gabriel M.P. De Melo, Valéria P. De Melo, Wanderley J. De Melo, Eráclito R. de Sousa-Neto, Márton Dencső, Georg Dersch, Claudia Di Bene, Riviane M.A. Donha, Javier Jerez Escolano, Roberta Farina, Ángel Faz, Ángel Faz-Cano, Rosa Francaviglia, Frédéric Francis, Uwe Franko, Jan Frouz, Noelia Garcia-Franco, Györgyi Gelybó, Luciene Gomes, Melisa Gómez-Garrido, Ralf Gründling, Eric Haubruge, Jennifer Hewson, Eleanor Hobley, Ágota Horel, Rico Hübner, Hatem Ibrahim, Julia P.G. Jones, Christophe Jourdan, Ilona Kása, Victor Kavvadias, Georgios Koubouris, Anantha Krishna Chaitanya, Aboulkacem Lemtiri, Beatriz Lozano-García, I. Gomez Lucas, Shyam Prasad Majumder, Stella Malliaraki, Biswapati Mandal, Alessandro Marchetti, Silvia Martínez-Martínez, Juan José Martínez-Sánchez, Thamer A. Mohammad, José Luis Moreno, Maria Angeles Muñoz, Nathália Nascimento, Nik N. Nik Daud, Rafael Obregón-Romero, Alfonso Olaya-Abril, Claire Olivier, Jean P. Ometto, Sara Ondoño, Felipe Pacheco, Dhaneshwar Padhan, Maria Papadopoulou, Luis Parras-Alcántara, J. Navarro Pedreño, Chiara Piccini, Jérome Pierreux, Alain Plante, Daniel Plaza-Bonilla, Georgios Psarras, Akhilesh Singh Raghubanshi, Gabrielle Rajoelison, Tahiana Ramananantoandro, Nantenaina Ramboatiana, Nandrianina Ramifehiarivo, Ntsoa Ranaivoson, Andriambolantsoa Rasolohery, Marie P. Razafimanantsoa, Tantely Razafimbelo, Ravo N.G. Razafinarivo, Mieja Razafindrakoto, Herintsitohaina Razakamanarivo, Padfield Rory, Laurent Saint-André, Taru Sandén, Alexander K. Sayok, Rishikesh Singh, Hema Singh, Heide Spiegel, Pratap Srivastava, Evers Stephanie, Martire A. Terrero, Sideris Theocharopoulos, Eszter Toth, SachchidaNand Tripathi, Antonio Troccoli, Ilja Van Meerveld, Evangelia Vavoulidou, Olga Vindušková, Iñigo Virto, Martin Wiesmeier, Raúl Zornoza, Antonis A. Zorpas. Contributors. Soil Management and Climate Change. 2018; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAdesiji R. Adeolu; Katerina Agelaki; Taofic Alabi; Jorge Álvaro-Fuentes; Andry Andriamananjara; Riana H. Andrisoa; Rodrigo Antón; Marcos Apesteguia; José L. Arrúe; Shrikant Badole; Dhananjay Barman; Andreas Baumgarten; Pratap Bhattacharyya; Ana Bielsa; Márta Birkás; Juan A. Blanco; Bernard Bodson; Nadhem Brahim; Yves Brostaux; Asuman Büyükkılıç-Yanardag; Alison Cameron; María B. Almendro Candel; Carlos Cantero-Martínez; Dora M. Carmona-Garcés; Daniel Cluzeau; Gilles Colinet; Ashim Datta; Denise De Lima Dias Delarica; Gabriel M.P. De Melo; Valéria P. De Melo; Wanderley J. De Melo; Eráclito R. de Sousa-Neto; Márton Dencső; Georg Dersch; Claudia Di Bene; Riviane M.A. Donha; Javier Jerez Escolano; Roberta Farina; Ángel Faz; Ángel Faz-Cano; Rosa Francaviglia; Frédéric Francis; Uwe Franko; Jan Frouz; Noelia Garcia-Franco; Györgyi Gelybó; Luciene Gomes; Melisa Gómez-Garrido; Ralf Gründling; Eric Haubruge; Jennifer Hewson; Eleanor Hobley; Ágota Horel; Rico Hübner; Hatem Ibrahim; Julia P.G. Jones; Christophe Jourdan; Ilona Kása; Victor Kavvadias; Georgios Koubouris; Anantha Krishna Chaitanya; Aboulkacem Lemtiri; Beatriz Lozano-García; I. Gomez Lucas; Shyam Prasad Majumder; Stella Malliaraki; Biswapati Mandal; Alessandro Marchetti; Silvia Martínez-Martínez; Juan José Martínez-Sánchez; Thamer A. Mohammad; José Luis Moreno; Maria Angeles Muñoz; Nathália Nascimento; Nik N. Nik Daud; Rafael Obregón-Romero; Alfonso Olaya-Abril; Claire Olivier; Jean P. Ometto; Sara Ondoño; Felipe Pacheco; Dhaneshwar Padhan; Maria Papadopoulou; Luis Parras-Alcántara; J. Navarro Pedreño; Chiara Piccini; Jérome Pierreux; Alain Plante; Daniel Plaza-Bonilla; Georgios Psarras; Akhilesh Singh Raghubanshi; Gabrielle Rajoelison; Tahiana Ramananantoandro; Nantenaina Ramboatiana; Nandrianina Ramifehiarivo; Ntsoa Ranaivoson; Andriambolantsoa Rasolohery; Marie P. Razafimanantsoa; Tantely Razafimbelo; Ravo N.G. Razafinarivo; Mieja Razafindrakoto; Herintsitohaina Razakamanarivo; Padfield Rory; Laurent Saint-André; Taru Sandén; Alexander K. Sayok; Rishikesh Singh; Hema Singh; Heide Spiegel; Pratap Srivastava; Evers Stephanie; Martire A. Terrero; Sideris Theocharopoulos; Eszter Toth; SachchidaNand Tripathi; Antonio Troccoli; Ilja Van Meerveld; Evangelia Vavoulidou; Olga Vindušková; Iñigo Virto; Martin Wiesmeier; Raúl Zornoza; Antonis A. Zorpas. 2018. "Contributors." Soil Management and Climate Change , no. : 1.
Iñigo Virto; Rodrigo Antón; Marcos Apesteguía; Alain Plante. Role of Carbonates in the Physical Stabilization of Soil Organic Matter in Agricultural Mediterranean Soils. Soil Management and Climate Change 2018, 121 -136.
AMA StyleIñigo Virto, Rodrigo Antón, Marcos Apesteguía, Alain Plante. Role of Carbonates in the Physical Stabilization of Soil Organic Matter in Agricultural Mediterranean Soils. Soil Management and Climate Change. 2018; ():121-136.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIñigo Virto; Rodrigo Antón; Marcos Apesteguía; Alain Plante. 2018. "Role of Carbonates in the Physical Stabilization of Soil Organic Matter in Agricultural Mediterranean Soils." Soil Management and Climate Change , no. : 121-136.
Stony soils are increasingly being converted to intensive agricultural use, including irrigation. Conservation tillage can be adopted in these soils for soil protection and quality enhancement, but its assessment can be troublesome. Crop yields and the implications of rock fragments for soil quality indicators and for calculating C and N stocks were monitored under conventional and no-tillage in an experimental field recently converted to irrigation, on a soil with 40% rock fragments. Gains of up to 10 Mg C ha−1 were observed in the tilled layer (0–30 cm) only with two years of irrigation, with no differences between treatments, although the vertical distribution of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) was affected by the correction of the rock fragment content. The labile organic fraction stood as a sensitive indicator to management changes, even after rock fragment correction. Different methodologies used for rock fragment correction led to overestimations of 20% of organic C stocks.
N Arias; L. Orcaray; P. Bescansa; A Enrique; I. Virto. Implications of Rock Fragments for Soil Quality Evaluation: Assessing Changes in a Gravelly Irrigated Soil Following No Till Adoption. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 2017, 1 -15.
AMA StyleN Arias, L. Orcaray, P. Bescansa, A Enrique, I. Virto. Implications of Rock Fragments for Soil Quality Evaluation: Assessing Changes in a Gravelly Irrigated Soil Following No Till Adoption. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis. 2017; ():1-15.
Chicago/Turabian StyleN Arias; L. Orcaray; P. Bescansa; A Enrique; I. Virto. 2017. "Implications of Rock Fragments for Soil Quality Evaluation: Assessing Changes in a Gravelly Irrigated Soil Following No Till Adoption." Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis , no. : 1-15.
Irrigation is being initiated on large areas of traditionally rainfed land to meet increasing global demand for food, feed, fiber and fuel. However, the consequences of this transition on soil quality (SQ) have scarcely been studied. Therefore, after previously identifying the most tillage-sensitive SQ indicators under long-term rainfed conditions, conversion of a research site on a Haplic Calcisol in Navarre, in northeast Spain provided an ideal location to reevaluate those SQ indicators after three years of irrigated management. The Soil Management Assessment Framework (SMAF) was used to test our hypothesis that adopting irrigation could change the sensitivity and importance of non-irrigated SQ indicators. Several soil physical, chemical, and biological indicators along with crop yields were used to evaluate SQ three years after initiating irrigation on a long-term conventional tillage (CT), minimum tillage (MT) and no-tillage (NT) study where either barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) or wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was being grown. The results confirmed our hypothesis that irrigation would change the relative importance of various SQ indicators and suggested that some SMAF algorithms, such as those used to assess bulk density, needed to be recalibrated for these Mediterranean soils.
Marcos Apesteguía; Iñigo Virto; Luis Orcaray; Paloma Bescansa; Alberto Enrique; María José Imaz; Douglas L. Karlen. Tillage Effects on Soil Quality after Three Years of Irrigation in Northern Spain. Sustainability 2017, 9, 1476 .
AMA StyleMarcos Apesteguía, Iñigo Virto, Luis Orcaray, Paloma Bescansa, Alberto Enrique, María José Imaz, Douglas L. Karlen. Tillage Effects on Soil Quality after Three Years of Irrigation in Northern Spain. Sustainability. 2017; 9 (8):1476.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarcos Apesteguía; Iñigo Virto; Luis Orcaray; Paloma Bescansa; Alberto Enrique; María José Imaz; Douglas L. Karlen. 2017. "Tillage Effects on Soil Quality after Three Years of Irrigation in Northern Spain." Sustainability 9, no. 8: 1476.
Isabel S. de Soto; Iñigo Virto; Pierre Barré; Oihane Fernández-Ugalde; Rodrigo Antón; Isabelle Martínez; Carine Chaduteau; Alberto Enrique; Paloma Bescansa. A model for field-based evidences of the impact of irrigation on carbonates in the tilled layer of semi-arid Mediterranean soils. Geoderma 2017, 297, 48 -60.
AMA StyleIsabel S. de Soto, Iñigo Virto, Pierre Barré, Oihane Fernández-Ugalde, Rodrigo Antón, Isabelle Martínez, Carine Chaduteau, Alberto Enrique, Paloma Bescansa. A model for field-based evidences of the impact of irrigation on carbonates in the tilled layer of semi-arid Mediterranean soils. Geoderma. 2017; 297 ():48-60.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIsabel S. de Soto; Iñigo Virto; Pierre Barré; Oihane Fernández-Ugalde; Rodrigo Antón; Isabelle Martínez; Carine Chaduteau; Alberto Enrique; Paloma Bescansa. 2017. "A model for field-based evidences of the impact of irrigation on carbonates in the tilled layer of semi-arid Mediterranean soils." Geoderma 297, no. : 48-60.
This study aimed to develop new techniques for the remediation of contaminated soils based on the application of zero-valent iron nanoparticles (nZVI) and bioremediation with compost from organic wastes and a mixed technique of both. An assessment of the effectiveness of remediation in two soils contaminated with hydrocarbons and heavy metals was carried out, with the aim of looking for positive synergies by combining the two techniques, and demonstrating their viability on an industrial scale. The application of nZVI for in situ immobilization of As and Cr in two different soils (Soil I from a contaminated industrial site and Soil II, contaminated artificially) showed a decrease in the concentration of As in Soil I and Soil II, as well as a decrease in Cr concentration for Soil I and Soil II in the leachate of both soils. The addition of compost and nanoparticles under uncontrolled environmental conditions in biopiles was able to produce a decrease in the concentration of aliphatic hydrocarbons of up to 60% in the two soils. Especially, degradation and transformation of longer chains occurred. A significant reduction of ecotoxicity was observed throughout the process in the biopile of soil II, not reaching the LC50 even with 100% of the sample after the treatment, in both earthworm and seeds growth tests
A. Galdames; Amaia Mendoza; M. Orueta; Isabel Sonsoles De Soto García; M. Sánchez; Iñigo Virto; J.L. Vilas. Development of new remediation technologies for contaminated soils based on the application of zero-valent iron nanoparticles and bioremediation with compost. Resource-Efficient Technologies 2017, 3, 166 -176.
AMA StyleA. Galdames, Amaia Mendoza, M. Orueta, Isabel Sonsoles De Soto García, M. Sánchez, Iñigo Virto, J.L. Vilas. Development of new remediation technologies for contaminated soils based on the application of zero-valent iron nanoparticles and bioremediation with compost. Resource-Efficient Technologies. 2017; 3 (2):166-176.
Chicago/Turabian StyleA. Galdames; Amaia Mendoza; M. Orueta; Isabel Sonsoles De Soto García; M. Sánchez; Iñigo Virto; J.L. Vilas. 2017. "Development of new remediation technologies for contaminated soils based on the application of zero-valent iron nanoparticles and bioremediation with compost." Resource-Efficient Technologies 3, no. 2: 166-176.
International audienceFinely divided minerals play a key role on the stabilization of soil organic matter (SOM). Among them, phyllosilicates are known to be particularly efficient due to their surface properties. However, how the wide variety of phyllosilicates with contrasted surface properties results in differing abilities to stabilize SUM is still unclear. In this study, we used a C-3/C-4 chronosequence established in a temperate Cambisol to compare the quantity of organic C and the incorporation of maize-derived C associated to various particle-size fractions with contrasting phyllosilicate mineralogy. We separated sand, silt and clay fractions in samples from 0-20-cm and 45-60-cm horizons. In each fraction, we measured organic C, total N and C isotope signatures. Phyllosilicate mineralogy of fine-silt, coarse-clay, medium-clay, and fine-clay fractions (2-20 mu m, 0.2-2 mu m, 0.2-0.05 mu m, <0.05 mu m) was determined using X-ray diffraction. Although phyllosilicate mineralogy differed between fractions, no clear relation was observed between mineralogy and organic C among the various particle-size fractions in any horizon. Interestingly, coarse-clay fractions providing a lower specific surface area had the greatest content of organic C and the lowest incorporation of fresh maize-C This supported the hypothesis that a significant part of organic C stabilized in these fractions is due to the presence of very stable clay-size aggregates (resistant to sonication) that encapsulate organic C. The differing ability of the various phyllosilicates to stabilize organic C should therefore be evaluated according to both their ability to adsorb organic C and to form stable clay-size aggregates. This may prevent from finding simple relationships between phyllosilicate mineralogy and organic C stabilization
Oihane Fernández-Ugalde; Pierre Barre; Iñigo Virto; Fabien Hubert; Daniel Billiou; Claire Chenu. Does phyllosilicate mineralogy explain organic matter stabilization in different particle-size fractions in a 19-year C3/C4 chronosequence in a temperate Cambisol? Geoderma 2016, 264, 171 -178.
AMA StyleOihane Fernández-Ugalde, Pierre Barre, Iñigo Virto, Fabien Hubert, Daniel Billiou, Claire Chenu. Does phyllosilicate mineralogy explain organic matter stabilization in different particle-size fractions in a 19-year C3/C4 chronosequence in a temperate Cambisol? Geoderma. 2016; 264 ():171-178.
Chicago/Turabian StyleOihane Fernández-Ugalde; Pierre Barre; Iñigo Virto; Fabien Hubert; Daniel Billiou; Claire Chenu. 2016. "Does phyllosilicate mineralogy explain organic matter stabilization in different particle-size fractions in a 19-year C3/C4 chronosequence in a temperate Cambisol?" Geoderma 264, no. : 171-178.
Irrigation is known to influence soil organic matter dynamics and aggregation, but its effects are not completely understood. In this work, organic C inputs from crops and the topsoil (0–10 cm) organic fraction and aggregates size-distribution were measured during the two first growing seasons in an experimental field with four treatments: rainfed and irrigated wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and rainfed and irrigated maize (Zea mays L.). Crops inputs were calculated from grain yields and harvest index data. The organic C stock was measured for an equivalent soil mass from C concentrations and bulk density. Aggregates size-fractions were obtained with a method based in the hierarchical model of aggregation. Maize-derived C incorporated was quantified using δ13C concentrations in soil samples, because maize residues have higher δ13C values than C3 plants. Despite some differences in yield, no differences were observed in total C inputs to the soil from crops and in organic C stocks or aggregate-size distribution. However, the proportion of maize-derived organic C was higher in irrigated than in rainfed plots (13.4% and 4.94%, respectively), and maize-C was observed to incorporate preferentially into large macroaggregates (2000–5000μm). Incorporation of maize-C in small macroaggregates and microaggregates (250–2000 μm and 50–250 μm) was observed only under irrigation, supporting the hypothesis that irrigation can change the incorporation and mineralization dynamics of crop residues into the soil organic pool and modify their distribution within the soil structure.
Marcos Apesteguía; Inigo Virto; Luis Orcaray; Alberto Enrique; Paloma Bescansa. Effect of the Conversion to Irrigation of Semiarid Mediterranean Dryland Agrosecoystems on Soil Carbon Dynamics and Soil Aggregation. Arid Land Research and Management 2015, 29, 399 -414.
AMA StyleMarcos Apesteguía, Inigo Virto, Luis Orcaray, Alberto Enrique, Paloma Bescansa. Effect of the Conversion to Irrigation of Semiarid Mediterranean Dryland Agrosecoystems on Soil Carbon Dynamics and Soil Aggregation. Arid Land Research and Management. 2015; 29 (4):399-414.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarcos Apesteguía; Inigo Virto; Luis Orcaray; Alberto Enrique; Paloma Bescansa. 2015. "Effect of the Conversion to Irrigation of Semiarid Mediterranean Dryland Agrosecoystems on Soil Carbon Dynamics and Soil Aggregation." Arid Land Research and Management 29, no. 4: 399-414.