River water is one of the most important natural resources for economic development and environmental sustainability. However, river water systems are vulnerable in some of the densely populated regions across the globe. Intense sand mining and waste disposal can lead to river changes, loose foundations, and biodiversity loss. This study aims to develop a web-based geographic information system (GIS) platform to monitor river channel changes and their impacts on river environments due to sand mining and waste burial. The system integrates open-source software, Windows Server 2012, a web server, and PostgreSQL with PostGIS plugins for efficient mapping and storage of geospatial data and volunteered reporting of location events. Interferometric methods, including SNAP2STAMPS Automated Algorithm, persistent scatterer interferometry (PSI), small baseline subset (SBAS), and Snap software, were used to analyze spatial changes of subsidence from Sentinel-1 satellite data from 2021 to 2023 in the Gadar River in Oshnavieh, Iran. The results showed that the maximum subsidence at the riverbank was −10.1 cm due to sand mining, and the maximum uplift was 8.2 cm due to waste landfilling. The average subsidence was reported to be −5.1 cm. The results emphasize spatial analysis, showcasing material mining’s impact on subsidence trends and underscoring the significance of public participation in monitoring river health. Three parameters—completeness, correctness, and quality—were used to validate the system. Validation results showed completeness, correctness, and quality rates of 94.15%, 92.48%, and 86.63%, respectively.

Mobile-Geographic Information System (GIS) is one of the dimensions of these enhancements, which, due to its flexibility, its simplicity with traditional GIS systems, the need for less expertise and low cost, has brought this technology into a variety of areas. Mobile technologies using mobile devices is proving to be a more effective implementation for crime detection and monitoring. Mobile-GIS are operating within a wider range of GIS technologies, wireless technologies, and global positioning technology. The ability to use this system to report crime and control crime in cities has led different countries to use this system for easier and less costly reporting of citizens, and many developed countries use Mobile-GIS technology to do this. And they use this technology depending on their needs. In this research, Mobile-GIS applications in the five developed countries of the world are being studied and their disadvantages and advantages are discussed, and finally, regarding to society safety the possibilities and necessity of police department to develop such programs are discussed. In this study, we are proposing a crime reporting and management model using GIS technologies and review the all possibility and limitation to implementation are confronted in order to mitigate the challenges are faced by most developing countries in reducing the crime rates. A conceptual plan for constructing such a program in the police department has been proposed, which is suggested by using systems like Real-time kinematic (RTK) to improve the user's location to increase accuracy.

Rivers play a crucial role in the hydrologic cycle and are central to economic and industrial development in many countries. However, in recent years, rivers have become highly vulnerable to environmental threats due to unsustainable extraction of sand, gravel, and sediments from the riverbed. This activity has caused severe damage to the ecosystem of rivers, resulting in adverse effects on plant and animal communities, increased risk of potential floods, and other associated issues. Conventional methods of monitoring and managing riverbeds have proven to be time-consuming and expensive.To address this issue, this study proposes the use of new web-based technologies for online monitoring of rivers. Advanced location detection systems and web-based technologies have enabled citizens to generate geospatial information, regardless of their knowledge or specialization. The timeliness of the volunteered geographic information (VGI) highlights the value of such information in all stages of monitoring and management, such as prevention, preparation, and response.To this end, a web-based public reporting system was developed and implemented to record violations and reports pertaining to the riverbeds. These reports were then collected in a geographic database, and a land displacement map was produced using Sentinel satellite data. The collected data was subsequently verified through phone calls and site visits to the reported locations. Finally, data from public reports and interferometry radar data were combined to achieve significant results. These results identified a strong correlation between sand mining from the riverbed and displacement of neighboring lands. Moreover, the study concluded that such online monitoring systems offer faster monitoring of rivers and help in effective river management and violation control.