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Currently, built LED luminaires are usually multi-source. This causes a large number of photometric and simulation problems connected with computer lighting visualization. This paper highlights three key issues with these luminaires: a change in the traditional understanding of the coordinate system for these luminaires, the photometric test distance of these luminaires and the need for the photometric separation of a single LED in the computer lighting simulation process. An optical model of a linear LED luminaire used in floodlighting was formulated on this basis. The presented conclusions refer to practical applications. Thus, it is necessary to address the crucial points that specify the coordinate system for the multi-source LED luminaire by its designer and present the information in a datasheet. The other important points concern determining the appropriate photometric test distance for the multi-source LED luminaires of a given type and creating photometric files for the different distances in the operation of the luminaire. Taking the above ideas into account will lead to an improvement in the quality and accuracy of lighting measurements and simulations.
Krzysztof Skarżyński; Wojciech Żagan; Kamil Krajewski. LED Luminaires: Many Chips—Many Photometric and Lighting Simulation Issues to Solve. Energies 2021, 14, 4646 .
AMA StyleKrzysztof Skarżyński, Wojciech Żagan, Kamil Krajewski. LED Luminaires: Many Chips—Many Photometric and Lighting Simulation Issues to Solve. Energies. 2021; 14 (15):4646.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKrzysztof Skarżyński; Wojciech Żagan; Kamil Krajewski. 2021. "LED Luminaires: Many Chips—Many Photometric and Lighting Simulation Issues to Solve." Energies 14, no. 15: 4646.
This paper presents an attempt at a unified approach for the assessment of outdoor lighting solutions at the design stage. First of all, the lighting criteria for different types of outdoor lighting installations have been carefully described. Despite the differences in criteria, it is possible to find a common ground for the assessment of lighting solutions at the design stage. This is based on the need for the assessment of lighting solutions to be included in the requirements for the luminous environment, light pollution, and energy efficiency. The review and analysis of the standards and reports allows an experimental procedure to be created, the main aim of which is to find the best and most sustainable lighting solution for any outdoor situation. The procedure was tested by the example of an analysis of parking lot lighting solutions. In the case analyzed, 120 solutions were considered. It appeared that, in only 65 cases were the requirements referring to both lighting condition and light pollution met. Finally, based on the lighting energy efficiency assessment, ten solutions were selected as the most suitable. Furthermore, only one solution out of the ten was the most beneficial, taking into account the extra criterion of basic economic cost. The case study confirms that the assessment procedure allows the most beneficial solution to be selected, taking into account the luminous environment, as well as light pollution and energy efficiency criteria. The proposed multi-criteria assessment procedure may be used as a valuable tool by lighting designers to select the most beneficial solution in order to meet the needs of safety, visual efficiency, and comfort, as well as taking into account light pollution and energy efficiency restrictions.
Piotr Pracki; Krzysztof Skarżyński. A Multi-Criteria Assessment Procedure for Outdoor Lighting at the Design Stage. Sustainability 2020, 12, 1330 .
AMA StylePiotr Pracki, Krzysztof Skarżyński. A Multi-Criteria Assessment Procedure for Outdoor Lighting at the Design Stage. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (4):1330.
Chicago/Turabian StylePiotr Pracki; Krzysztof Skarżyński. 2020. "A Multi-Criteria Assessment Procedure for Outdoor Lighting at the Design Stage." Sustainability 12, no. 4: 1330.
The main aim of this work is to present a new method of floodlighting – the ‘Layered Method’. It has been possible to create this method due to the rapid development of linear luminaires with LEDs. When luminaires are located a very short distance from an illuminated wall and are directed at a low angle, the layered floodlighting method gives an unusual and interesting visual effect. In this situation, the length of light distribution on the illuminated wall is the same as the length of the light line and is rather short in width. This gives the opportunity of creating the effect of a layer of light, which can be used, for example, to illuminate Renaissance tenement houses and all types of longitudinal architectural details, such as tympanums or balusters. This paper presents the state-of-the-art use of the layered method of floodlighting. All advantages and disadvantages, in terms of lighting technology and architecture, are carefully described. The ideas contained in this paper could be useful for those who are interested in making architectural objects more beautiful by means of illumination at night-time.
W Żagan; K Skarżyński. The “layered method” – A third method of floodlighting. Lighting Research & Technology 2019, 52, 641 -653.
AMA StyleW Żagan, K Skarżyński. The “layered method” – A third method of floodlighting. Lighting Research & Technology. 2019; 52 (5):641-653.
Chicago/Turabian StyleW Żagan; K Skarżyński. 2019. "The “layered method” – A third method of floodlighting." Lighting Research & Technology 52, no. 5: 641-653.
Floodlighting designs have only been analysed in terms of visual and aesthetic beauty up to now. Research in the field of floodlighting has also focused on other aspects of this type of lighting in recent years. The energy efficiency issue and the impact on light pollution are the most crucial aspects. These issues have not yet been properly explored in the literature. Significant factors which affect the issue of the engineering aspect of floodlighting have to be determined and studied carefully because of their high importance. The main aim of this paper is to present the key factors which have a crucial impact on energy efficiency and light pollution in the field of floodlighting. These factors are: the direction and location of the lighting equipment, luminous intensity distribution, light output ratio, the method of floodlighting and the spectral power distribution of a light source, as well as the spectral distribution of the reflectance from the illuminated surface. Each of these factors are precisely commented on. These are presented by means of a calculation, a measurement or a visualization example, which clearly allow the crux of the problem to be analysed in the easiest way. The research shows that the problem of improving floodlighting design in respect of energy efficiency and light pollution is a complex and exacting problem for a lighting designer. It definitely requires the creation of an individual and unified system of assessment. It ought to take into account all the crucial factors and be simple, understandable and easy to use. Development of such a system is underway at the Lighting Technology Division of Warsaw University of Technology. It will soon be finalized in the form of a doctoral dissertation by one of the authors of this paper.
Wojciech Zagan; Krzysztof Skarżyński. Factors Having a Crutial Impact on Energy Efficiency of Floodlighitng. 2018 VII. Lighting Conference of the Visegrad Countries (Lumen V4) 2018, 1 -5.
AMA StyleWojciech Zagan, Krzysztof Skarżyński. Factors Having a Crutial Impact on Energy Efficiency of Floodlighitng. 2018 VII. Lighting Conference of the Visegrad Countries (Lumen V4). 2018; ():1-5.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWojciech Zagan; Krzysztof Skarżyński. 2018. "Factors Having a Crutial Impact on Energy Efficiency of Floodlighitng." 2018 VII. Lighting Conference of the Visegrad Countries (Lumen V4) , no. : 1-5.
The main purpose of this work is to present a method and some examples of field measurements of the parameters known as floodlighting utilisation factor (FUF) and relative loss of luminous flux. The measurements were performed using a traditional luminance meter with a specified measuring area. The results of these measurements, which were made on two selected floodlit objects (The Center for Foreign Missions Veterans in Warsaw and the Monastery in Węgrów), are also shown and precisely commented on in this work.
Krzysztof Skarzynski. Field measurement of Floodlighting Utilisation Factor. 2016 IEEE Lighting Conference of the Visegrad Countries (Lumen V4) 2016, 1 -4.
AMA StyleKrzysztof Skarzynski. Field measurement of Floodlighting Utilisation Factor. 2016 IEEE Lighting Conference of the Visegrad Countries (Lumen V4). 2016; ():1-4.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKrzysztof Skarzynski. 2016. "Field measurement of Floodlighting Utilisation Factor." 2016 IEEE Lighting Conference of the Visegrad Countries (Lumen V4) , no. : 1-4.
Krzysztof Skarżyński. An attempt at controlling the utilisation factor and light pollution within the context of floodlighting. PRZEGLĄD ELEKTROTECHNICZNY 2016, 1, 180 -183.
AMA StyleKrzysztof Skarżyński. An attempt at controlling the utilisation factor and light pollution within the context of floodlighting. PRZEGLĄD ELEKTROTECHNICZNY. 2016; 1 (9):180-183.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKrzysztof Skarżyński. 2016. "An attempt at controlling the utilisation factor and light pollution within the context of floodlighting." PRZEGLĄD ELEKTROTECHNICZNY 1, no. 9: 180-183.
Krzysztof Skarżyński. Possible ways of floodlighting the baroque-style Zamoyski Palace in Kozlowka. PRZEGLĄD ELEKTROTECHNICZNY 2015, 1, 157 -159.
AMA StyleKrzysztof Skarżyński. Possible ways of floodlighting the baroque-style Zamoyski Palace in Kozlowka. PRZEGLĄD ELEKTROTECHNICZNY. 2015; 1 (8):157-159.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKrzysztof Skarżyński. 2015. "Possible ways of floodlighting the baroque-style Zamoyski Palace in Kozlowka." PRZEGLĄD ELEKTROTECHNICZNY 1, no. 8: 157-159.