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The Asian hornet (Vespa velutina) is a keen predator of honeybees and other insects. Its success as invasive species threatens the stability of ecosystem services provided by them, such as pollination of wild plants and crops. In this study we analyse their impact as hunters of flower visitors on plant pollination, by studying the hunting behaviour of V. velutina in flower surroundings, the effect of V. velutina hunting on the floral visiting behaviour by insects and its impact on the amount of conspecific pollen deposited on the stigmas of Mentha suaveolens, a native and common herb to southern and western Europe. We made observations and video-recordings in blooming patches with and without the presence of V. velutina and quantified the deposition of conspecific pollen on stigmas in those same patches. Asian hornets were frequent and successful hunters of flower visitors of Mentha suaveolens, inducing changes in the foraging behaviour of several groups of pollinators. The patch visitation rate of European honeybees (Apis mellifera), the flower visitation rate of small hymenopterans and the flower visitation time of bumblebees (Bombus sp.) and syrphids was significantly reduced in patches with presence of the predator. As a consequence, the quantity of conspecific pollen on stigmas of the studied native plant decreased in patches with V. velutina. In this study we demonstrate the negative impact of the invasive hornet V. velutina on pollination services in invaded areas as a consequence of their hunting of pollinators in flower patches.
Sandra V. Rojas-Nossa; María Calviño-Cancela. The invasive hornet Vespa velutina affects pollination of a wild plant through changes in abundance and behaviour of floral visitors. Biological Invasions 2020, 22, 2609 -2618.
AMA StyleSandra V. Rojas-Nossa, María Calviño-Cancela. The invasive hornet Vespa velutina affects pollination of a wild plant through changes in abundance and behaviour of floral visitors. Biological Invasions. 2020; 22 (8):2609-2618.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSandra V. Rojas-Nossa; María Calviño-Cancela. 2020. "The invasive hornet Vespa velutina affects pollination of a wild plant through changes in abundance and behaviour of floral visitors." Biological Invasions 22, no. 8: 2609-2618.
In October 2017, an extreme wildfire outbreak in the NW of the Iberian Peninsula burned thousands of hectares, resulting in human deaths and important economic damage. This paper provides a first comprehensive assessment of the exposure of the local communities in the Spanish region of Galicia, where forestlands routinely experience fire outbreaks, as the one that occurred in 14th, 15th and 16th October with more than two hundred fire incidents. We delimitate the wildfire perimeters, characterize the area burned in regards to vegetation characteristics, evaluate the affected wildland-urban interface (WUI), and quantify the population and buildings exposed to wildfires. The burned area was found to be unevenly distributed, concentrated in the south of the region, and in municipalities with nearly half of their lands under WUI. This resulted in a high level of exposure in the affected lands. We estimated that 51 communities were inside fire perimeters. Moreover, 873 communities with more than 87,000 people residing on them, were at a close distance of less than 1 km away. This study demonstrates the importance of understanding extreme wildfire events and their potential impacts which can guide how best communities can respond to them. The high number of population exposed to the studied event shows the necessity of integrating land-use planning with wildfire risk prevention and preparedness.
María-Luisa Chas-Amil; Eduardo García-Martínez; Julia Touza. Iberian Peninsula October 2017 wildfires: Burned area and population exposure in Galicia (NW of Spain). International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 2020, 48, 101623 .
AMA StyleMaría-Luisa Chas-Amil, Eduardo García-Martínez, Julia Touza. Iberian Peninsula October 2017 wildfires: Burned area and population exposure in Galicia (NW of Spain). International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction. 2020; 48 ():101623.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaría-Luisa Chas-Amil; Eduardo García-Martínez; Julia Touza. 2020. "Iberian Peninsula October 2017 wildfires: Burned area and population exposure in Galicia (NW of Spain)." International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 48, no. : 101623.
Pinus pinaster is a common plantation species in many Mediterranean-climate regions of the world and has become invasive in several of these, but little is known about its invasive potential, with no studies regarding its invasion potential and patterns being carried out in Australia. It has been widely planted over many decades in the Perth region of southwest Australia. Here we used plots to measure the density, size and approximate age of P. pinaster wildings in native vegetation adjacent to pine plantations and in areas of cleared plantations. Results demonstrated that densities of P. pinaster wildings were highest at edges and varied widely with vegetation type, being much greater in dense, wetland vegetation compared to more open sclerophyllous woodlands, which was contrary to that experienced in other regions. Wilding regeneration following clearing was also highly variable. Local populations of black cockatoos, which fell cones to ground for feeding, are likely to have contributed to low levels of spread into native bushland by curtailing wind dispersal of seeds from tree canopies, as well as providing an ample seed source for regeneration of wildings at cleared sites. Wildfires, which can lead to mass regeneration of P. pinaster elsewhere, did not promote spread of wildings into adjoining bushland, but did enhance wilding densities in wetland vegetation within the plantation matrix.
Eddie J.B. van Etten; C. Anne Belen; María Calviño-Cancela. Invasion patterns of Pinus pinaster in south-west Australia in relation to fire, vegetation type and plantation management. Forest Ecology and Management 2020, 463, 118042 .
AMA StyleEddie J.B. van Etten, C. Anne Belen, María Calviño-Cancela. Invasion patterns of Pinus pinaster in south-west Australia in relation to fire, vegetation type and plantation management. Forest Ecology and Management. 2020; 463 ():118042.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEddie J.B. van Etten; C. Anne Belen; María Calviño-Cancela. 2020. "Invasion patterns of Pinus pinaster in south-west Australia in relation to fire, vegetation type and plantation management." Forest Ecology and Management 463, no. : 118042.
We explore the patterns of epiphytic lichen community richness and composition (both taxonomical and functional) on the trunks of the two most important species used for forestry in NW Spain (the non-native Eucalyptus globulus, and Pinus pinaster, a native species in the Iberian Peninsula) across a chronosequence of age classes. We recorded a total of 56 lichen taxa in 30 genera across all sites. Lichen abundance and species richness was significantly affected by tree species (eucalypt vs. pine plantations) by age and by the interaction between them. Pines had more lichen abundance and diversity than eucalypts in all ages, with 2–17 times more lichen cover and 2.5–6.5 times higher average species richness, depending on the age. The taxonomical and functional composition of the epiphytic community was also affected by the tree species, the age and its interaction. The colonization pattern in both eucalypts and pines was typical of an additive system, with an ongoing increase of species and epiphytic cover, where early colonizers persist and new species are added later on without replacing the existing species. This study demonstrates that plantations of the native species P. pinaster provides a more suitable habitat for lichens than those of the exotic E. globulus in the study region, not only as a consequence of longer rotation cycles but for the higher rate of lichen colonization and expansion in their trunks, as these differences were observed in all ages.
María Calviño-Cancela; Max Neumann; M. Eugenia López de Silanés. Contrasting patterns of lichen abundance and diversity in Eucalyptus globulus and Pinus pinaster plantations with tree age. Forest Ecology and Management 2020, 462, 117994 .
AMA StyleMaría Calviño-Cancela, Max Neumann, M. Eugenia López de Silanés. Contrasting patterns of lichen abundance and diversity in Eucalyptus globulus and Pinus pinaster plantations with tree age. Forest Ecology and Management. 2020; 462 ():117994.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaría Calviño-Cancela; Max Neumann; M. Eugenia López de Silanés. 2020. "Contrasting patterns of lichen abundance and diversity in Eucalyptus globulus and Pinus pinaster plantations with tree age." Forest Ecology and Management 462, no. : 117994.
Research to date has not examined how the impacts of arrests manifest across space and time in environmental crimes. We evaluate whether arrests reduce or merely spatiotemporally displace intentional illegal outdoor firesetting. Using municipality-level daily wildfire count data from Galicia, Spain, from 1999 to 2014, we develop daily spatiotemporal ignition count models of agricultural, non-agricultural and total intentional illegal wildfires as functions of spatiotemporally lagged arrests, the election cycle, seasonal and day indicators, meteorological factors and socioeconomic variables. We find evidence that arrests reduce future intentional illegal fires across space in subsequent time periods.
Jeffrey P. Prestemon; David T. Butry; María Luisa Chas-Amil; Julia M. Touza. Net reductions or spatiotemporal displacement of intentional wildfires in response to arrests? Evidence from Spain. International Journal of Wildland Fire 2019, 28, 397 .
AMA StyleJeffrey P. Prestemon, David T. Butry, María Luisa Chas-Amil, Julia M. Touza. Net reductions or spatiotemporal displacement of intentional wildfires in response to arrests? Evidence from Spain. International Journal of Wildland Fire. 2019; 28 (6):397.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJeffrey P. Prestemon; David T. Butry; María Luisa Chas-Amil; Julia M. Touza. 2019. "Net reductions or spatiotemporal displacement of intentional wildfires in response to arrests? Evidence from Spain." International Journal of Wildland Fire 28, no. 6: 397.
Exploring the human dimensions of forest fires is a crucial, although often overlooked, aspect of wildfire research, since wildfires often have important socio-economic impacts and humans are nowadays the main cause of wildfires in many areas of the world. We carried out a telephone survey (N = 345 interviews) in one of the most fire-prone areas in Europe (NW Spain) in order to assess citizens’ awareness about wildfire causes and risks, their perception of the value of the vegetation and of administrative measures to fight against fires. Perceptions of respondents about fire causes were in general realistic although fires caused by pyromaniacs and for profit were overestimated, while vegetation management was comparatively underestimated. Citizens were broadly aware of the fire risk associated with different vegetation types, rightly considering native oak forests and agricultural fields as less risky than shrublands and pine and eucalypt plantations. Tree-dominated vegetation was more valued than treeless formations, and native forests more than tree plantations, which seems related to a preference for ecological value over utilitarian considerations. In addition, the value of eucalypt plantations was clearly affected by the education level of respondents, being less valued as the education level increased. Most citizens considered that the administration was not doing enough to fight against fires. The law that compels landowners to reduce fuels in wildland-urban interfaces was considered effective by most respondents (72%), but 50% considered it difficult to implement by landowners. This may explain the poor degree of compliance of this law.
María Calviño-Cancela; Nuria Cañizo-Novelle. Human dimensions of wildfires in NW Spain: causes, value of the burned vegetation and administrative measures. PeerJ 2018, 6, e5657 .
AMA StyleMaría Calviño-Cancela, Nuria Cañizo-Novelle. Human dimensions of wildfires in NW Spain: causes, value of the burned vegetation and administrative measures. PeerJ. 2018; 6 ():e5657.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaría Calviño-Cancela; Nuria Cañizo-Novelle. 2018. "Human dimensions of wildfires in NW Spain: causes, value of the burned vegetation and administrative measures." PeerJ 6, no. : e5657.
Tree plantations are an important cause of plant invasions worldwide, being a serious concern for biodiversity conservation. Pinus and Eucalyptus are the two most important genera for the forestry industry worldwide, with Eucalyptus globulus and Pinus radiata among the most widespread and invasive. In this study we analyse the establishment of wildlings of these two species in native eucalypt forests (karri and jarrah forests) of SW Australia, a global biodiversity hotspot. We selected boundaries between plantations and adjoining native forests (26 for E. globulus and 25 for P. radiata) and established in each a plot 100 m long (aligned to outer edge of forest) × 100 m or 50 m deep into the native forest (for boundaries with P. radiata and E. globulus plantations, respectively), that was thoroughly searched for wildlings. Eucalyptus globulus wildlings were only found in 3 of the 26 boundaries studied, 6 individuals in total, all within first 10 m from the forest edge. Pinus radiata wildlings were found in all boundaries and at all distances inspected. Wildling density was greater in jarrah forest compared to karri forest (mean 70.7 and 24.7 wildlings ha−1; respectively); it was negatively correlated with understorey cover (r = −0.501, F = 7.72, p = 0.011) and the density of older wildlings (20 + years) was positively correlated with time since plantation establishment (r = 0.512; F = 8.16; P = 0.009). Invasion of native eucalypt forests by alien E. globulus does not seem currently of concern in SW Australia. The scheduled short rotations (8–10 years), which means that trees are mostly harvested before reaching their full reproductive potential, lower dispersal ability than P. radiata and the customary establishment of cleared margins around plantations (10 m wide on average) all contribute to reduce the propagule pressure in native forests and with it the invasion potential. Nevertheless, attention should be paid to abandoned plantations left unharvested for longer, which may increase the invasion risks. In contrast, P. radiata plantations do constitute a threat to native vegetation for the invasion capacity of this species, as indicated by the presence of wildlings in all native forests studied, together with the relatively high density of old trees with high reproductive capacity in the forests interior. Awareness about wilding pine spread is urgently needed in SW Australia, in order to minimise the risks.
María Calviño-Cancela; Eddie J.B. van Etten. Invasive potential of Eucalyptus globulus and Pinus radiata into native eucalypt forests in Western Australia. Forest Ecology and Management 2018, 424, 246 -258.
AMA StyleMaría Calviño-Cancela, Eddie J.B. van Etten. Invasive potential of Eucalyptus globulus and Pinus radiata into native eucalypt forests in Western Australia. Forest Ecology and Management. 2018; 424 ():246-258.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaría Calviño-Cancela; Eddie J.B. van Etten. 2018. "Invasive potential of Eucalyptus globulus and Pinus radiata into native eucalypt forests in Western Australia." Forest Ecology and Management 424, no. : 246-258.
Plantations of alien tree species may pose environmental risks associated to their spontaneous spread in areas of introduction. Eucalyptus globulus Labill. is one of the most used species in forestry and has been reported as invasive in many areas around the world. Fire has been suggested to enhance E. globulus recruitment but no study to date has compared burnt vs. unburnt sites for seedling emergence and survival, and little is known about the mechanisms that could favour recruitment after fire. A better understanding of the effect of fire on the invasive potential of E. globulus is essential for improved management of this species in the areas of introduction. In this study, we analyse the effect of fire on the emergence and establishment of E. globulus seedlings in the field, in the most common habitats adjacent to plantations in NW Spain, and explore the underlying mechanisms that could explain the patterns observed by means of greenhouse experiments. Fire enhanced seedling recruitment in the forested habitats studied, due to a positive effect on both seedling emergence and survival. Seedling emergence was 42.5 and 7.0 times higher in burnt vs. unburnt sites in native forests and pine plantations, respectively. Final seedling establishment was 2% in burnt vs. nil in unburnt native forests, and 2.5 times higher in burnt vs. unburnt pine plantations. In shrublands, however, final seedling establishment was similar in burnt and unburnt sites. The positive effect in forested habitats seems to be mainly related to the destruction of litter, which played an important role as a physical barrier to seedling emergence, and to the increase in light availability, which has a positive effect on seedling survival and can result from litter consumption or the burning/scorching of the canopies. Our results demonstrate that fire can increase the invasion risk posed by E. globulus to the native vegetation next to plantations, especially in native oak forests, which had been shown to be rather resistant to E. globulus seedling establishment in the absence of fire. This increased seedling recruitment in burnt areas together with the high fire-proneness of eucalypts could lead to positive feedbacks that may favour eucalypt expansion, further increasing the vulnerability of the native vegetation to colonization by this alien tree.
María Calviño-Cancela; Paula Lorenzo; Luís González. Fire increases Eucalyptus globulus seedling recruitment in forested habitats: Effects of litter, shade and burnt soil on seedling emergence and survival. Forest Ecology and Management 2018, 409, 826 -834.
AMA StyleMaría Calviño-Cancela, Paula Lorenzo, Luís González. Fire increases Eucalyptus globulus seedling recruitment in forested habitats: Effects of litter, shade and burnt soil on seedling emergence and survival. Forest Ecology and Management. 2018; 409 ():826-834.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaría Calviño-Cancela; Paula Lorenzo; Luís González. 2018. "Fire increases Eucalyptus globulus seedling recruitment in forested habitats: Effects of litter, shade and burnt soil on seedling emergence and survival." Forest Ecology and Management 409, no. : 826-834.
María Calviño-Cancela; María Luisa Chas-Amil; Eduardo D. García-Martínez; Julia Touza. Interacting effects of topography, vegetation, human activities and wildland-urban interfaces on wildfire ignition risk. Forest Ecology and Management 2017, 397, 10 -17.
AMA StyleMaría Calviño-Cancela, María Luisa Chas-Amil, Eduardo D. García-Martínez, Julia Touza. Interacting effects of topography, vegetation, human activities and wildland-urban interfaces on wildfire ignition risk. Forest Ecology and Management. 2017; 397 ():10-17.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaría Calviño-Cancela; María Luisa Chas-Amil; Eduardo D. García-Martínez; Julia Touza. 2017. "Interacting effects of topography, vegetation, human activities and wildland-urban interfaces on wildfire ignition risk." Forest Ecology and Management 397, no. : 10-17.
Detailed monitoring of vegetation changes in ice-free areas of Antarctica is crucial to determine the effects of climate warming and increasing human presence in this vulnerable ecosystem. Remote sensing techniques are especially suitable in this distant and rough environment, with high spectral and spatial resolutions needed owing to the patchiness and similarity between vegetation elements. We analyze the reflectance spectra of the most representative vegetation elements in ice-free areas of Antarctica to assess the potential for discrimination. This research is aimed as a basis for future aircraft/satellite research for long-term vegetation monitoring. The study was conducted in the Barton Peninsula, King George Island. The reflectance of ground patches of different types of vegetation or bare ground (c. 0.25 m2, n=30 patches per class) was recorded with a spectrophotometer measuring between 340 nm to 1025 nm at a resolution of 0.38 nm. We used Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) to classify the cover classes according to reflectance spectra, after reduction of the number of bands using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The first five principal components explained an accumulated 99.4% of the total variance and were added to the discriminant function. The LDA classification resulted in c. 92% of cases correctly classified (a hit ratio 11.9 times greater than chance). The most important region for discrimination was the visible and near ultraviolet (UV), with the relative importance of spectral bands steeply decreasing in the Near Infra-Red (NIR) region. Our study shows the feasibility of discriminating among representative taxa of Antarctic vegetation using their spectral patterns in the near UV, visible and NIR. The results are encouraging for hyperspectral vegetation mapping in Antarctica, which could greatly facilitate monitoring vegetation changes in response to a changing environment, reducing the costs and environmental impacts of field surveys.
María Calviño-Cancela; Julio Martín-Herrero. Spectral Discrimination of Vegetation Classes in Ice-Free Areas of Antarctica. Remote Sensing 2016, 8, 856 .
AMA StyleMaría Calviño-Cancela, Julio Martín-Herrero. Spectral Discrimination of Vegetation Classes in Ice-Free Areas of Antarctica. Remote Sensing. 2016; 8 (10):856.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaría Calviño-Cancela; Julio Martín-Herrero. 2016. "Spectral Discrimination of Vegetation Classes in Ice-Free Areas of Antarctica." Remote Sensing 8, no. 10: 856.
Wildland-urban interfaces (WUIs) are areas where urban settlements and wildland vegetation intermingle, making the interaction between human activities and wildlife especially intense. Their relevance is increasing worldwide as they are expanding and are associated with fire risk. The WUI may affect the fire risk associated with the type of vegetation (land cover/land use; LULC), a well-known risk factor, due to differences in the type and intensity of human activities in different LULCs within and outside WUIs. No previous studies analyse this interaction between the effects of the WUI and the LULC, despite its importance for understanding the patterns of fire risk, an essential prerequisite to undertake management decisions that can influence fire regimes. The aim of this study is to assess the effect of the WUI on fire ignition risk and the area burned, and the interaction between its effect and that of the LULC. We used a database of 26,838 wildfires recorded in 2006–2011 in NW Spain and compared fire patterns in relation to WUI and LULC with a random model, using a Montecarlo approach. There was a clear effect of the WUI on the risk of both fire ignition and spread (higher ignition risk but lower risk of spread in WUIs). The risk of fire was also affected by LULC and, interestingly, the pattern among LULCs differed between WUI and non-WUI areas. This interaction WUI × LULC was particularly important for forestry plantations, which showed the highest increase in ignition risk in WUI compared to non-WUI areas. Native forests and agricultural areas had the lowest ignition risk. Agricultural areas showed the smallest difference in fire size between WUI and non-WUI areas, while shrublands showed much larger fires outside WUIs. Deliberate fires were larger in general than those with other causes, especially outside the WUI. The differences found between LULCs in fire risk, both in WUI and non-WUI areas, have interesting implications for fire management. Promotion of land covers with low fire risk should be considered as a low cost alternative to the usual fire prevention measures based on fuel load reduction, which require the continuous clearing of vegetation. In this regard, the low fire risk in native forests should be taken into account. Native forests naturally colonize many areas in the study region and require low or no management, in contrast with agricultural areas, also with low fire risk but requiring continuous management in order to avoid colonization by natural vegetation.
María Calviño-Cancela; María L. Chas-Amil; Eduardo D. García-Martínez; Julia Touza. Wildfire risk associated with different vegetation types within and outside wildland-urban interfaces. Forest Ecology and Management 2016, 372, 1 -9.
AMA StyleMaría Calviño-Cancela, María L. Chas-Amil, Eduardo D. García-Martínez, Julia Touza. Wildfire risk associated with different vegetation types within and outside wildland-urban interfaces. Forest Ecology and Management. 2016; 372 ():1-9.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaría Calviño-Cancela; María L. Chas-Amil; Eduardo D. García-Martínez; Julia Touza. 2016. "Wildfire risk associated with different vegetation types within and outside wildland-urban interfaces." Forest Ecology and Management 372, no. : 1-9.
Here we present the amount of pollen of eucalypt and pollen of other types for birds captured in two bird ringing stations for 14 months (March 2014 to April 2015) in NW Spain. Common and latin names of all birds species captured, together with the number of captured individuals (N), prevalence of eucalypt pollen (percentage of individuals with eucalypt pollen) and of pollen of other types and average pollen loads per individual for eucalypt and other pollen types is presented. See [1] for further information and discussion.
María Calviño-Cancela; Max Neumann. Pollen loads of eucalypt and other pollen types in birds in NW Spain. Data in Brief 2015, 5, 348 -50.
AMA StyleMaría Calviño-Cancela, Max Neumann. Pollen loads of eucalypt and other pollen types in birds in NW Spain. Data in Brief. 2015; 5 ():348-50.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaría Calviño-Cancela; Max Neumann. 2015. "Pollen loads of eucalypt and other pollen types in birds in NW Spain." Data in Brief 5, no. : 348-50.
Highlights•Eucalyptus globulus is widely planted around the world.•It is pollinated mainly by birds in its native range.•No specialist bird pollinators exist in Europe.•Eucalypts were the most important flower resource for birds in this study.•This novel interaction may favor seed production and spread of eucalypts. AbstractThe degree of ecological integration of an exotic species depends on the emergence of new interactions with the host community, either antagonistic or mutualistic, such as pollination. This will determine the impact of the new species on the host community (positive or negative, direct or indirect) as well as the capacity of the new species to sustain biodiversity.Eucalypts are the most widely planted trees in the world and depend on pollination by animals for seed production. Blue gum (Eucalyptus globulus), one of the most commonly used and a dominant tree in NW of Spain, where this study has been conducted, is pollinated mainly by birds in its native range. In Europe pollination is mainly insect mediated, there are no specialized nectar-feeding birds and ornithophily (plant adaptation for bird pollination) is extremely rare (only recognized for one species, a Tertiary relict). Nevertheless, opportunistic nectar-feeding has been occasionally observed for some European songbirds.In this study, we determine the prevalence and strength of the interaction between eucalypts and birds by analyzing the occurrence and abundance of pollen in birds captured in mist nets in mixed landscapes with eucalypt plantations.Eucalypts represented the most important flower resource for the flower-visiting bird community. Eucalypt pollen was present in 171 individuals belonging to 19 bird species (out of the 485 birds captured in 33 species) and represented 98.2% of all pollen recorded. The large pollen loads found are indicative of frequent eucalypt flower use by the bird community.This study provides a good example of the ecological integration of a widely planted forestry species. The frequency of eucalypt pollen in birds points to the widespread use of this novel resource by birds and to the high ecological relevance of this interaction. The establishment of this novel interaction may favor seed production and, with it, population regeneration and spread of this exotic tree.
María Calviño-Cancela; Max Neumann. Ecological integration of eucalypts in Europe: Interactions with flower-visiting birds. Forest Ecology and Management 2015, 358, 174 -179.
AMA StyleMaría Calviño-Cancela, Max Neumann. Ecological integration of eucalypts in Europe: Interactions with flower-visiting birds. Forest Ecology and Management. 2015; 358 ():174-179.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaría Calviño-Cancela; Max Neumann. 2015. "Ecological integration of eucalypts in Europe: Interactions with flower-visiting birds." Forest Ecology and Management 358, no. : 174-179.
Os incendios forestais producidos en Galicia, na meirande parte dos casos intencionadamente, arrasan miles de hectáreas de superficie forestal cada ano. Neste traballo realizamos un estudo descritivo dos incendios rexistrados durante o período 1999-2008 no Distrito XV-A Limia, así como unha estimación económica dos custos derivados das operacións de extinción. Para isto empregamos os partes de incendio dos 6.383 incendios forestais ocorridos neste distrito, e deseñamos dous escenarios de valoración para a estimación do valor dos medios humanos e materiais empregados nos lumes do distrito. As nosas estima-cións amosan un custo anual medio de extinción por hectárea de superficie forestal que varía entre os 5,3 euros e os 6,4 euros.
María Cristina Vázquez Vázquez; María Luisa Chas-Amil; Julia María Touza Montero. Estimación dos custos das operacións de extinción de incendios forestais: estudo de caso no distrito forestal de A Limia. Revista Galega de Economía 2015, 23, 1 .
AMA StyleMaría Cristina Vázquez Vázquez, María Luisa Chas-Amil, Julia María Touza Montero. Estimación dos custos das operacións de extinción de incendios forestais: estudo de caso no distrito forestal de A Limia. Revista Galega de Economía. 2015; 23 (1):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaría Cristina Vázquez Vázquez; María Luisa Chas-Amil; Julia María Touza Montero. 2015. "Estimación dos custos das operacións de extinción de incendios forestais: estudo de caso no distrito forestal de A Limia." Revista Galega de Economía 23, no. 1: 1.
Development of efficient forest wildfire policies requires an understanding of the underlying reasons behind forest fire occurrences. Globally, there is a close relationship between forest wildfires and human activities; most wildfires are human events due to negligence (e.g., agricultural burning escapes) and deliberate actions (e.g., vandalism, pyromania, revenge, land use change attempts). We model the risk of wildfire as a function of the spatial pattern of urban development and the abandonment/intensity of agricultural and forestry activities, while controlling for biophysical and climatic factors. We use a count data approach to model deliberately set fires in Galicia, N.W. Spain, where wildfire is a significant threat to forest ecosystems, with nearly 100,000 wildfires recorded during a thirteen-year period (1999–2011). The spatial units of analysis are more than 3600 parishes. Data for the human influences are derived from fine-resolution maps of wildland–urban interface (WUI), housing spatial arrangements, road density, forest ownership, and vegetation type. We found wildfire risk to be higher where there are human populations and development/urbanisation pressure, as well as in unattended forest areas due to both rural exodus and a fragmented forest ownership structure that complicates the profitability of forestry practices. To better help direct management efforts, parameter estimates from our model were used to predict wildfire counts under alternative scenarios that account for variation across space on future land-use conditions. Policies that incentivize cooperative forest management and that constrain urban development in wildlands at hotspot fire locations are shown to reduce wildfire risk. Our results highlight the need for spatially targeted fire management strategies.
M.L. Chas-Amil; J.P. Prestemon; C.J. McClean; J. Touza. Human-ignited wildfire patterns and responses to policy shifts. Applied Geography 2014, 56, 164 -176.
AMA StyleM.L. Chas-Amil, J.P. Prestemon, C.J. McClean, J. Touza. Human-ignited wildfire patterns and responses to policy shifts. Applied Geography. 2014; 56 ():164-176.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM.L. Chas-Amil; J.P. Prestemon; C.J. McClean; J. Touza. 2014. "Human-ignited wildfire patterns and responses to policy shifts." Applied Geography 56, no. : 164-176.
Julia Touza; Alicia Pérez-Alonso; María Luisa Chas-Amil; Katharina Dehnen-Schmutz. Explaining the rank order of invasive plants by stakeholder groups. Ecological Economics 2014, 105, 330 -341.
AMA StyleJulia Touza, Alicia Pérez-Alonso, María Luisa Chas-Amil, Katharina Dehnen-Schmutz. Explaining the rank order of invasive plants by stakeholder groups. Ecological Economics. 2014; 105 ():330-341.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJulia Touza; Alicia Pérez-Alonso; María Luisa Chas-Amil; Katharina Dehnen-Schmutz. 2014. "Explaining the rank order of invasive plants by stakeholder groups." Ecological Economics 105, no. : 330-341.
Effective management of invasive plants requires a precise determination of their distribution. Remote sensing techniques constitute a promising alternative to field surveys and hyperspectral sensors (also known as imaging spectrometers, with a large number of spectral bands and high spectral resolution) are especially suitable when very similar categories are to be distinguished (e.g. plant species). A main priority in the development of this technology is to lower its cost and simplify its use, so that its demonstrated aptitude for many environmental applications can be truly realized. With this aim, we have developed a system for hyperspectral imaging (200 spectral bands in the 380–1000 nm range and circa 3 nm spectral resolution) operated on board ultralight aircraft (namely a gyrocopter), which allows a drastic reduction of the running costs and operational complexity of image acquisition, and also increases the spatial resolution of the images (circa 5–8 pixels/m2 at circa 65 km/h and 300 m height). The detection system proved useful for the species tested (Acacia melanoxylon, Oxalis pes-caprae, and Carpobrotus aff. edulis and acinaciformis), with user’s and producer’s accuracy always exceeding 90%. The detection accuracy reported corresponds to patches down to 0.125 m2 (50% of pixels 0.5×0.5 m in size), a very small size for many plant species, making it very effective for initial stages of invasive plant spread. In addition, its low operating costs, similar to those of a 4WD ground vehicle, facilitate frequent image acquisition. Acquired images constitute a permanent record of the status of the study area, with great amount of information that can be analyzed in the future for other purposes, thus greatly facilitating the monitoring of natural areas at detailed spatial and temporal scales for improved management.
Maria Calvino-Cancela; Roi Mendez-Rial; Javier Reguera-Salgado; Julio Martin-Herrero. Alien Plant Monitoring with Ultralight Airborne Imaging Spectroscopy. PLOS ONE 2014, 9, e102381 .
AMA StyleMaria Calvino-Cancela, Roi Mendez-Rial, Javier Reguera-Salgado, Julio Martin-Herrero. Alien Plant Monitoring with Ultralight Airborne Imaging Spectroscopy. PLOS ONE. 2014; 9 (7):e102381.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria Calvino-Cancela; Roi Mendez-Rial; Javier Reguera-Salgado; Julio Martin-Herrero. 2014. "Alien Plant Monitoring with Ultralight Airborne Imaging Spectroscopy." PLOS ONE 9, no. 7: e102381.
This study deals with the time-activity budgets of Amazilia amazilia, a territorial hummingbird, and its preferences for different flower species and perches in the gardens of Lima (Peru) in September 2001. A. amazilia spent an important part of its time resting on perches (ca. 80%) and only 15.5% for foraging, devoted essentially to flower visitation and only 0.3% for hunting and drinking water. Territorial defence accounted for 2% of total time, mostly against Coereba flaveola, an introduced nectarivorous species that seem to be an important competitor of A. amazilia. Flower use is not directly related to flower abundance (χ29 = 1 546, p<0.0001), with Justicia brandegeana and red-flowered Salvia splendens being selected and Impatiens balsamina being rejected. The large amount of time spent on the perches makes them an important element of the habitat. The perches selected are typically on trees, close to the flowers visited, and in a low vertical and middle horizontal position, surrounded by low foliage density, probably to minimize heat loss. Se estudió la distribución del tiempo en las actividades de Amazilia amazilia, un colibrí territorial, y sus preferencias por diferentes flores y perchas en los jardines de Lima (Perú), en septiembre de 2001. A. amazilia pasa una parte importante de su tiempo descansando en las perchas (ca. 80%) y sólo un 15.5% alimentándose, dedicado fundamentalmente a visitar flores y sólo un 0.3% a cazar y a beber agua. La defensa del territorio ocupó un 2% del tiempo total, la mayor parte frente a Coereba flaveola, una especie nectarívora introducida que parece constituir un importante competidor de A. amazilia. El uso de las distintas especies de flores no se relaciona con su abundancia (χ2/9 = 1546, p<0.0001), siendo Justicia brandegeana y Salvia splendens de flores rojas seleccionadas e Impatiens balsamina rechazada. La gran cantidad de tiempo que pasa en las perchas las convierte en un elemento importante del hábitat. Las perchas seleccionadas se encuentran típicamente en árboles, cercanas a las flores que visita y, se sitúan en posición baja y central rodeadas de baja densidad de follaje, probablemente para minimizar la pérdida de calor.
María Calviño-Cancela. Time-activity budgets and behaviour of the Amazilia hummingbird, Amazilia amazilia (Apodiformes: Trochilidae) in an urban environment. Revista de Biología Tropical 2014, 54, 873 -878.
AMA StyleMaría Calviño-Cancela. Time-activity budgets and behaviour of the Amazilia hummingbird, Amazilia amazilia (Apodiformes: Trochilidae) in an urban environment. Revista de Biología Tropical. 2014; 54 (3):873-878.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaría Calviño-Cancela. 2014. "Time-activity budgets and behaviour of the Amazilia hummingbird, Amazilia amazilia (Apodiformes: Trochilidae) in an urban environment." Revista de Biología Tropical 54, no. 3: 873-878.
The contact zone between human infrastructure and wildland vegetation, known as the wildland–urban interface (WUI), has increased worldwide over the last decades and has a direct relationship with the risk of forest fires. Human activities increase the likelihood of wildfires, which can have disastrous consequences for property and land use and can pose a serious threat to lives. This paper examines the spatial patterns of the WUI and wildfire ignition points in Galicia (NW, Spain). We spatially delimited and classified WUI areas by the intensity of human presence, using the spatial arrangement of buildings. We also classified the areas by forest fragmentation and then explored the statistical differences in the density of forest-fire ignitions among areas in the different WUI categories. The study area in Galicia has the highest rate of wildfire incidents in Spain. Our results show that more than half of the built area is located in the WUI and that fire ignition is approximately twice as frequent in WUI as in non-WUI areas. The highest wildfire occurrence is in unforested areas of the WUI, while the lowest fire density is associated with isolated buildings. Areas with very dense clusters of buildings surrounded by forestland, characterized here as peri-urban areas, have the highest density of fire ignition. This trend highlights the vulnerability of the interface to fire in this region. Particularly in high risk areas, our work can advance spatial delimitation policies and further the development and promotion of plans for the protection of human lives, property and economic activity.
María Luisa Chas-Amil; J. Touza; E. García-Martínez. Forest fires in the wildland–urban interface: A spatial analysis of forest fragmentation and human impacts. Applied Geography 2013, 43, 127 -137.
AMA StyleMaría Luisa Chas-Amil, J. Touza, E. García-Martínez. Forest fires in the wildland–urban interface: A spatial analysis of forest fragmentation and human impacts. Applied Geography. 2013; 43 ():127-137.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaría Luisa Chas-Amil; J. Touza; E. García-Martínez. 2013. "Forest fires in the wildland–urban interface: A spatial analysis of forest fragmentation and human impacts." Applied Geography 43, no. : 127-137.
Aim The genetic structure of many plant species is heavily dependent on their pollinators and seed dispersers, and can thus be altered if either of the associated mutualistic interactions is disrupted. In this study we assess the genetic diversity and structure and infer the seed/pollen gene‐flow patterns among insular populations of Daphne rodriguezii, a shrub pollinated and dispersed by animals that has lost its only disperser (the lizard Podarcis lilfordi) in most of its populations. Location The island of Menorca and the islet of Colom (Balearic Islands, Western Mediterranean). Methods To assess the contribution of gene flow via pollen and seeds to the genetic structure of D. rodriguezii we used amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs; seeds and pollen) and plastid DNA sequences (cpDNA; seeds). We sampled individuals from all population nuclei of the species (12–19 adults per population): one population in Colom, where the plant–lizard interaction persists, and four in Menorca, where the seed dispersal mutualism disappeared with the extinction of the lizard. Results The highest heterozygosity values were found in Colom and in its closest population (Favàritx), whereas values were lower in the smallest Menorcan populations, which also had higher relatedness among individuals. We found distinct genetic signals between AFLP and cpDNA analyses. While AFLP markers showed low differentiation between populations, cpDNA showed a clear differentiation between them. Main conclusions Our results point to negative impacts of the disperser loss on genetic diversity and relatedness in the smaller and more isolated populations. They also suggest an old isolation by seeds, probably occurring well before the extinction of the lizard (c. 2000 years ago). Gene flow was maintained via pollination; however, the seed disperser loss may ultimately hinder pollinator‐mediated gene flow, as a result of reduced probabilities of effective pollination among increasingly distant and scarce individuals.
María Calviño-Cancela; Marcial Escudero; Javier Rodriguez-Pérez; Emilio Cano; Pablo Vargas; Guillermo Velo‐Antón; Anna Traveset. The role of seed dispersal, pollination and historical effects on genetic patterns of an insular plant that has lost its only seed disperser. Journal of Biogeography 2012, 39, 1996 -2006.
AMA StyleMaría Calviño-Cancela, Marcial Escudero, Javier Rodriguez-Pérez, Emilio Cano, Pablo Vargas, Guillermo Velo‐Antón, Anna Traveset. The role of seed dispersal, pollination and historical effects on genetic patterns of an insular plant that has lost its only seed disperser. Journal of Biogeography. 2012; 39 (11):1996-2006.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaría Calviño-Cancela; Marcial Escudero; Javier Rodriguez-Pérez; Emilio Cano; Pablo Vargas; Guillermo Velo‐Antón; Anna Traveset. 2012. "The role of seed dispersal, pollination and historical effects on genetic patterns of an insular plant that has lost its only seed disperser." Journal of Biogeography 39, no. 11: 1996-2006.