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The first and last mile (FLM) problem, namely the poor connection between trip origins or destination and public transport stations, is a significant obstacle to sustainable transportation as it is likely to encourage the use of cars for FLM travel, if not for the entire trip. This study examines the role of modality style and built environment in FLM mode choice behaviour, in order to identify the key features that might invoke a travel mode shift from cars to more sustainable travel options for both mandatory and discretionary trips. More specifically, this study draws on disaggregate data from the South East Queensland household travel survey and presents a latent class choice model to unravel modality style groups. Results reveal two distinct individual-level modality style groups: (1) driving and walking oriented; (2) multimodal travellers. Individuals in the second modality style group were found to be relatively inelastic to FLM travel time for mandatory trips, while individuals in the first group were largely unaffected by built environment characteristics and highly habitual in their mode choice behaviour for both mandatory and discretionary trips. Home residence environments with high road intersection density and public transport accessibility, and home residence environments with diverse land use mix, respectively encourage individuals within the second modality style to walk for mandatory trips, and discretionary trips. To this end, when place-based policies seek to change certain built environment features, individuals in the second modality style are more likely to shift their preference from cars to more sustainable modes. Finally, our findings have practical planning implications in targeting mode shift through highlighting the importance of considering the intersection of individual modality style in a given locale and mode choice behaviour. More specifically, our findings advocate for place-based policies that seek to target particular locales with the certain modality style deemed to be more predisposed to adopting a mode shift.
Ying Lu; Carlo G. Prato; Jonathan Corcoran. Disentangling the behavioural side of the first and last mile problem: the role of modality style and the built environment. Journal of Transport Geography 2020, 91, 102936 .
AMA StyleYing Lu, Carlo G. Prato, Jonathan Corcoran. Disentangling the behavioural side of the first and last mile problem: the role of modality style and the built environment. Journal of Transport Geography. 2020; 91 ():102936.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYing Lu; Carlo G. Prato; Jonathan Corcoran. 2020. "Disentangling the behavioural side of the first and last mile problem: the role of modality style and the built environment." Journal of Transport Geography 91, no. : 102936.
The estimation of the effect of contributors to crash injury severity and the prediction of crash injury severity outcomes suffer often from biases related to missing data in crash datasets that contain incomplete records. As both estimation and prediction would greatly improve if the missing values were recovered, this study proposes a sequential approach to handle incomplete crash datasets and rank contributors to the injury severity of crashes on mountainous freeways in China. The sequential approach consists of two parts: (i) multivariate imputation by chained equations imputes the missing values of independent variables; (ii) a random forest classifier analyses the correlation between the dependent and the independent variables. The first part considers different imputation methods in light of the independent variables being either binary, categorical or continuous, whereas the second part classifies the correlations according to the random forest classifier. The proposed method was applied to the case-study about mountainous freeways in China and compared to the analysis of the raw dataset to evaluate its effectiveness, and the results illustrate that the method improves significantly the classification accuracy when compared with existing methods. Moreover, the classifier ranked the contributors to the injury severity of traffic crashes on mountainous freeways: in order of importance vehicle type, crash type, road longitudinal gradient, crash cause, curve radius, and deflection angles. Interestingly, a lower importance was found for environmental factors.
Linchao Li; Carlo G. Prato; Yonggang Wang. Ranking contributors to traffic crashes on mountainous freeways from an incomplete dataset: A sequential approach of multivariate imputation by chained equations and random forest classifier. Accident Analysis & Prevention 2020, 146, 105744 .
AMA StyleLinchao Li, Carlo G. Prato, Yonggang Wang. Ranking contributors to traffic crashes on mountainous freeways from an incomplete dataset: A sequential approach of multivariate imputation by chained equations and random forest classifier. Accident Analysis & Prevention. 2020; 146 ():105744.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLinchao Li; Carlo G. Prato; Yonggang Wang. 2020. "Ranking contributors to traffic crashes on mountainous freeways from an incomplete dataset: A sequential approach of multivariate imputation by chained equations and random forest classifier." Accident Analysis & Prevention 146, no. : 105744.
Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) play an important role in the needed transition away from fossil fuels and Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles (ICEVs). Although transport planning models and routing problem solutions exist for BEVs, the assumption that BEV drivers search for the shortest path while constraining energy consumption does not have any empirical basis. This study presents a study of actual route choice behavior of drivers from 107 Danish households participating in a large-scale experiment with BEVs and at the same time driving their ICEVs. GPS traces from 8968 BEV and 6678 ICEV routes were map matched to a detailed road network to construct observed routes, and a route choice model was specified and estimated to capture behavioral differences related to the vehicle type. The results reveal that drivers had a higher sensitivity to travel time and trip length when driving BEVs, and to route directness after receiving the BEV, regardless of vehicle type. The results suggest the need to revise the assumptions of transport planning models and routing problems for BEVs in order not to fail to predict what drivers will do by ignoring differences and similarities related to vehicle type.
Anders F. Jensen; Thomas K. Rasmussen; Carlo G. Prato. A Route Choice Model for Capturing Driver Preferences When Driving Electric and Conventional Vehicles. Sustainability 2020, 12, 1149 .
AMA StyleAnders F. Jensen, Thomas K. Rasmussen, Carlo G. Prato. A Route Choice Model for Capturing Driver Preferences When Driving Electric and Conventional Vehicles. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (3):1149.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnders F. Jensen; Thomas K. Rasmussen; Carlo G. Prato. 2020. "A Route Choice Model for Capturing Driver Preferences When Driving Electric and Conventional Vehicles." Sustainability 12, no. 3: 1149.
This study explores the relations between cycling habits, eudaimonic well-being and positive mood. Specifically, this study investigates whether cycling contributes to the formation of positive physical, social, and self-actualisation concepts, which in turn could affect the mood and well-being of travellers. A survey was administered to 1131 inhabitants of the Brisbane area in Australia to elicit their socioeconomic traits and travel habits, as well as to measure self-concepts related to self-actualisation and the relation between cycling and mood. Structural equation modelling explored the system of relations between socioeconomic characteristics, observed travel habits, and latent self-concepts. The results of this study highlight that there exists a positive relation between bicycle use, self-actualisation on physical, psychological, social and self-efficacy dimensions and positive mood. Also, the findings of this study suggest that policy implications follow: (i) active travel to school and work should be promoted as a mean to increase the eudaimonic capacity through cycling, as this is one of the most important capacities for both children and adults; (ii) improvements in cycling infrastructure would not only foster higher cycling rates, but also reduce stress for commuter cyclists; (iii) eudaimonic benefits should be included in multi-criteria and cost-benefit analyses to better grasp cycling benefits.
Sigal Kaplan; Dagmara K. Wrzesinska; Carlo G. Prato. Psychosocial benefits and positive mood related to habitual bicycle use. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour 2019, 64, 342 -352.
AMA StyleSigal Kaplan, Dagmara K. Wrzesinska, Carlo G. Prato. Psychosocial benefits and positive mood related to habitual bicycle use. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour. 2019; 64 ():342-352.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSigal Kaplan; Dagmara K. Wrzesinska; Carlo G. Prato. 2019. "Psychosocial benefits and positive mood related to habitual bicycle use." Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour 64, no. : 342-352.
Although the taxi industry is playing an important role in Chinese everyday life, little attention has been posed towards occupational health issues concerning the taxi drivers' working conditions, driving behaviour and road safety. A cross-sectional survey was administered to 1021 taxi drivers from 21 companies in four Chinese cities and collected information about (i) sociodemographic characteristics, (ii) working conditions, (iii) frequency of daily aberrant driving behaviour, and (iv) involvement in property-damage-only (PDO) and personal injury (PI) crashes over the past two years. A hybrid bivariate model of crash involvement was specified: (i) the hybrid part concerned a latent variable model capturing unobserved traits of the taxi drivers; (ii) the bivariate part modelled jointly both types of crashes while capturing unobserved correlation between error terms. The survey answers paint a gloomy picture in terms of workload, as taxi drivers reported averages of 9.4 working hours per day and 6.7 working days per week that amount on average to about 63.0 working hours per week. Moreover, the estimates of the hybrid bivariate model reveal that increasing levels of fatigue, reckless behaviour and aggressive behaviour are positively related to a higher propensity of crash involvement. Lastly, the heavy workload is also positively correlated with the higher propensity of crashing, not only directly as a predictor of crash involvement, but also indirectly as a covariate of fatigue and aberrant driving behaviour. The findings from this study provide insights into potential strategies for preventive education and taxi industry management to improve the working conditions and hence reduce fatigue and road risk for the taxi drivers.
Yonggang Wang; Linchao Li; Carlo G. Prato. The relation between working conditions, aberrant driving behaviour and crash propensity among taxi drivers in China. Accident Analysis & Prevention 2019, 126, 17 -24.
AMA StyleYonggang Wang, Linchao Li, Carlo G. Prato. The relation between working conditions, aberrant driving behaviour and crash propensity among taxi drivers in China. Accident Analysis & Prevention. 2019; 126 ():17-24.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYonggang Wang; Linchao Li; Carlo G. Prato. 2019. "The relation between working conditions, aberrant driving behaviour and crash propensity among taxi drivers in China." Accident Analysis & Prevention 126, no. : 17-24.
The fast economic growth in China has dramatically increased the number of heavy traffic and the length of the expressway network, with consequent road safety issues emerging in particular in mountainous expressways. This study positions itself at the intersection of these issues by analysis determinants of injury severity for truck crashes on mountainous expressways in China. A sample of 2695 heavy truck crashes occurring on four mountain expressways in Jiangxi and Shaanxi (China) between 2006 and 2015 was analysed to uncover the effect on crash injury severity of geometric, driver, crash, truck and environmental characteristics. Given that the expansion of the expressway network is underway, model findings focused on the effect of geometric characteristics and suggested that road design should have curves that are neither too sharp nor too long, as well as longitudinal gradients not too steep. Also, model findings indicated a need for the toughening of deterrence measures and the bolstering of police enforcement with respect to aberrant driver behaviour (e.g., driving without a valid license, without seat belts, or while intoxicated) and most relevantly overloading of the trucks.
Yonggang Wang; Carlo G. Prato. Determinants of injury severity for truck crashes on mountain expressways in China: A case-study with a partial proportional odds model. Safety Science 2019, 117, 100 -107.
AMA StyleYonggang Wang, Carlo G. Prato. Determinants of injury severity for truck crashes on mountain expressways in China: A case-study with a partial proportional odds model. Safety Science. 2019; 117 ():100-107.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYonggang Wang; Carlo G. Prato. 2019. "Determinants of injury severity for truck crashes on mountain expressways in China: A case-study with a partial proportional odds model." Safety Science 117, no. : 100-107.
This study presents a joint discrete-discrete copula-based model that simultaneously estimates the determinants of the choice to use a container terminal and of the choice of dwell time. Moreover, this study proposes the treatment of missing information as a latent variable by specifying a hybrid version of the joint copula-based model. Model estimates show the practicality of enriching a dataset with missing information via a robust econometric solution. Results also illustrate the importance of distance, time-of-day, and industry type on the choice of using CTs and on the decision of the dwell time in both import and export container transport.
Elnaz Irannezhad; Carlo Prato; Mark Hickman. A joint hybrid model of the choices of container terminals and of dwell time. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review 2019, 121, 119 -133.
AMA StyleElnaz Irannezhad, Carlo Prato, Mark Hickman. A joint hybrid model of the choices of container terminals and of dwell time. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review. 2019; 121 ():119-133.
Chicago/Turabian StyleElnaz Irannezhad; Carlo Prato; Mark Hickman. 2019. "A joint hybrid model of the choices of container terminals and of dwell time." Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review 121, no. : 119-133.
This study looks at cyclists’ willingness to share the road with drivers through the lens of the Symbolic Interaction Theory. The hypothesis is that the willingness to share the road relates to (i) how cyclists perceive themselves, (ii) how cyclists perceive drivers, and (iii) how cyclists believe that drivers perceive them. A survey was designed to collect information about these three self-concepts as well as preferences for a short route in mixed traffic over a longer route on dedicated cycling infrastructure. Data were collected for a sample of 474 cyclists in Israel and a hybrid choice model allowed to uncover the relations between the choice of sharing the road and the latent constructs pertaining to the Symbolic Interaction Theory. Results show that: (i) the belief that drivers perceive cyclists as aggressive leads to more assertive cycling behaviour and in turn to higher willingness to share the road; (ii) the perception of drivers as aggressive, as opposed to the perception of them as attentive, leads to more cautious cyclist behaviour and in turn to lower willingness to cycle in mixed traffic; (iii) cyclists are not willing to share the road if they have physical negative experiences with near-misses and incidents, as well as emotional negative perceptions of the road sharing experience.
Sigal Kaplan; Ravid Luria; Carlo G. Prato. The relation between cyclists’ perceptions of drivers, self-concepts and their willingness to cycle in mixed traffic. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour 2018, 62, 45 -57.
AMA StyleSigal Kaplan, Ravid Luria, Carlo G. Prato. The relation between cyclists’ perceptions of drivers, self-concepts and their willingness to cycle in mixed traffic. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour. 2018; 62 ():45-57.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSigal Kaplan; Ravid Luria; Carlo G. Prato. 2018. "The relation between cyclists’ perceptions of drivers, self-concepts and their willingness to cycle in mixed traffic." Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour 62, no. : 45-57.
Promoting walking goes a long way in contributing to the sustainability and health of future cities and regions, and improving pedestrian safety is essential for building more sustainable and healthier communities. As the problem is multifaceted in nature, this study looks at patterns of pedestrian crashes from a perspective that goes beyond the traditional investigation of pedestrian characteristics and behaviour by analysing the contribution of built environment, land use, and traffic conditions. Moreover, this study goes beyond the traditional analysis of traditional police reports by integrating them with rich geographic information system resources. This study analysed a sample of 7469 crashes between a pedestrian and another road user that occurred in Denmark between 2006 and 2015. The crash locations were geocoded and matched to a detailed traffic network, a transport planning model, and several resources detailing building and land use composition. Latent class analysis uncovered patterns of pedestrian crashes for both the fully identified records and the substantial amount of hit-and-run records. Findings from this study reveal a major red thread in the lack of hazard awareness for both pedestrians and road users and suggest solutions from both the behavioural and the infrastructure perspectives. Major needs are (i) educating pedestrians about the risks related to drinking and then walking along major roads in the darkness, (ii) making crossings for pedestrians and approaches for road users easier to understand and to access in order to reduce unnecessary conflicts, and (iii) designing traffic calming solutions around major shopping and leisure locations in dense city centres.
Carlo G. Prato; Sigal Kaplan; Alexandre Patrier; Thomas Kjær Rasmussen. Integrating police reports with geographic information system resources for uncovering patterns of pedestrian crashes in Denmark. Journal of Transport Geography 2018, 74, 10 -23.
AMA StyleCarlo G. Prato, Sigal Kaplan, Alexandre Patrier, Thomas Kjær Rasmussen. Integrating police reports with geographic information system resources for uncovering patterns of pedestrian crashes in Denmark. Journal of Transport Geography. 2018; 74 ():10-23.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarlo G. Prato; Sigal Kaplan; Alexandre Patrier; Thomas Kjær Rasmussen. 2018. "Integrating police reports with geographic information system resources for uncovering patterns of pedestrian crashes in Denmark." Journal of Transport Geography 74, no. : 10-23.
Young novice drivers’ modes of driving are highly influenced by perceptions of norms conveyed by family and friends. Although risky driving of young drivers is a worldwide phenomenon, cross-cultural comparisons are rarely undertaken. To compare young drivers from Israel and Queensland (Australia) and look into contributors representing four sets of variables on different levels – background, personal, familial and social. Young drivers, aged 17–22, from Israel (n = 161) and Queensland (n = 164), completed a set of valid and reliable self-report questionnaires: The Proneness to Reckless Driving Scale, The Aggression Questionnaire, The Family Climate for Road Safety, and The Safe Driving Climate among Friends scale. A Bayesian estimation of the linear regression models aimed at finding the best specification to express the willingness to take risks as a function of the independent variables was conducted. It revealed that the estimated proportion of variance explained was 66.1% for the Israeli sample and 72.0% for the Queensland sample. In both samples, higher willingness to take risks was associated with a higher tendency towards aggressive behaviour, lower family orientation towards road safety, higher friends’ pressure, and lower commitment shared by friends while driving. In addition, women reported willingness to take lower risks than men and young drivers with separated or divorced parents reported higher willingness to drive recklessly than young drivers from intact families. Some variation exists with specific dimensions contributing differently to the two cultural samples. The findings of the current study confirm the utility of looking at multi-level variables when referring to young drivers’ risk taking, and indicate that two different samples drawn from diverse cultures yielded quite similar results. Importantly, the central roles of parents and friends should be considered in every endeavour to reduce the rates of risks undertaken by young drivers worldwide.
Orit Taubman – Ben-Ari; Vera Skvirsky; Timothy J. Greenbury; Carlo Giacomo Prato. Explaining risks behind the wheel – Comparing Israeli and Queensland young drivers. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour 2018, 58, 184 -192.
AMA StyleOrit Taubman – Ben-Ari, Vera Skvirsky, Timothy J. Greenbury, Carlo Giacomo Prato. Explaining risks behind the wheel – Comparing Israeli and Queensland young drivers. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour. 2018; 58 ():184-192.
Chicago/Turabian StyleOrit Taubman – Ben-Ari; Vera Skvirsky; Timothy J. Greenbury; Carlo Giacomo Prato. 2018. "Explaining risks behind the wheel – Comparing Israeli and Queensland young drivers." Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour 58, no. : 184-192.
This study explores the effect of cooperation among shipping lines on transport costs and pollutant emissions. The quantitative benefits of the cooperation were measured via a simulation-based model that (i) optimized inland empty container reuse and (ii) considered a two-dimensional capacity (weight and size) for vehicle types and demands. Inland empty container optimization was integrated with a dynamic vehicle allocation and routing problem with time-window constraints, while the two-dimensional capacity considered minimising total transport costs in a time-varying network with road segment usage constraints by truck type. The simulation model was used to evaluate the status quo and the cooperation scenarios by analysing two weeks of import and export container movements for the port of Brisbane (Australia). The major findings from the study are: (i) the cooperation among shipping companies avoids a significant number of unnecessary truck movements and of storage days for empty containers; (ii) the cooperation translates into truck-sharing and utilisation of larger trucks, which are more environmentally friendly and cost-efficient choices when compared to smaller trucks; (iii) the introduction of a decision support system provides solutions to the freight actors regarding optimal routing and vehicle allocation, based on real-world constraints and dynamics. Remarkably, the savings in the cooperation scenario are substantial, yielding a 40% reduction of fuel consumption and pollutant emissions.
Elnaz Irannezhad; Carlo Giacomo Prato; Mark Hickman. The effect of cooperation among shipping lines on transport costs and pollutant emissions. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment 2018, 65, 312 -323.
AMA StyleElnaz Irannezhad, Carlo Giacomo Prato, Mark Hickman. The effect of cooperation among shipping lines on transport costs and pollutant emissions. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. 2018; 65 ():312-323.
Chicago/Turabian StyleElnaz Irannezhad; Carlo Giacomo Prato; Mark Hickman. 2018. "The effect of cooperation among shipping lines on transport costs and pollutant emissions." Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment 65, no. : 312-323.
Transforming a driving-oriented region into a bicycle-oriented region would contribute significantly to building healthier and more sustainable communities, but barriers to cycling make this potential transformation untapped. Unlike traditional research taking the “travel behaviour” perspective, this study looked at cycling from the “new mobilities” perspective of travel being not only movement in space and time, but also an experience that leads to emotional well-being and satisfies human needs. Accordingly, this study proposed a behavioural framework to examine the intentions of inhabitants of a driving-oriented region to use conventional and electric bicycles within a hypothetical scenario of a bicycle sharing system. The behavioural framework was designed to assess the relations between intentions and characteristics of travellers in terms of socioeconomic traits, habitual travel, and human needs according to the ERG (existence, relatedness, growth) theory of needs. A web-based survey collected the information necessary to evaluate empirically the framework, and a hybrid bivariate ordered model estimated the hypothesised relations. The findings from the model revealed gender and age differences in the probability of using electric bicycles, as female as well as older respondents were more likely to prefer the technological innovation. Also, the findings from the model showed indeed relations between needs and the intentions to use bicycle sharing schemes: interestingly, while functional and relational needs were associated with a higher likelihood of using both types of bicycle, self-actualisation needs were related to a higher probability of using a conventional bicycle and a lower one of using an electric bicycle. Accordingly, promoting bicycle sharing and more broadly cycling should not only focus on the value of moving from one place to the next, but also on the social and relational value of cycling as well as the self-actualisation potential.
Sigal Kaplan; Dagmara K. Wrzesinska; Carlo G. Prato. The role of human needs in the intention to use conventional and electric bicycle sharing in a driving-oriented country. Transport Policy 2018, 71, 138 -146.
AMA StyleSigal Kaplan, Dagmara K. Wrzesinska, Carlo G. Prato. The role of human needs in the intention to use conventional and electric bicycle sharing in a driving-oriented country. Transport Policy. 2018; 71 ():138-146.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSigal Kaplan; Dagmara K. Wrzesinska; Carlo G. Prato. 2018. "The role of human needs in the intention to use conventional and electric bicycle sharing in a driving-oriented country." Transport Policy 71, no. : 138-146.
The enormous potential of cycling to make cities and regions more sustainable is often not realized. Given the evidence that women cycle less than men, this study looks into the cycling habits of female immigrants from driving-oriented to cycling-oriented countries in relation to the fulfillment of their needs and their immersion in their new culture. A survey measured existence, relatedness, and growth needs with Likert-type items and collected socioeconomic characteristics and travel habits of 570 female Polish immigrants who moved to established and developing cycling cultures. A hybrid bivariate ordered model captured the propensity toward habitual cycling in the adopted country and cycling intentions upon return to the home country in relation to the needs and the traits of the female immigrants. Model results suggest that the cycling habits of female immigrants are related to past travel habits, while future intentions of cycling are connected to tangible (e.g., distance) and emotional (e.g., income stigma) barriers. Relevantly, model results indicate a positive relation between cycling culture and cycling habits in terms of both culture strength and exposure, but also a negative relation between relatedness to the home country and future intentions of cycling. Lastly, model results show that cycling habits relate to the fulfillment of existence needs and even more of relatedness and growth needs. Accordingly, the key to promote cycling among female immigrants is not only to satisfy their functional needs, but also cater to their emotional and self-actualization needs.
Sigal Kaplan; Dagmara K. Wrzesinska; Carlo Giacomo Prato. The Role of Culture and Needs in the Cycling Habits of Female Immigrants from a Driving-Oriented to a Cycling-Oriented Country. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2018, 2672, 155 -165.
AMA StyleSigal Kaplan, Dagmara K. Wrzesinska, Carlo Giacomo Prato. The Role of Culture and Needs in the Cycling Habits of Female Immigrants from a Driving-Oriented to a Cycling-Oriented Country. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board. 2018; 2672 (3):155-165.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSigal Kaplan; Dagmara K. Wrzesinska; Carlo Giacomo Prato. 2018. "The Role of Culture and Needs in the Cycling Habits of Female Immigrants from a Driving-Oriented to a Cycling-Oriented Country." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 3: 155-165.
Stochastic User Equilibrium (SUE) models allow the representation of the perceptual and preferential differences that exist when drivers compare alternative routes through a transportation network. However, as an effect of the used choice models, conventional applications of SUE are based on the assumption that all available routes have a positive probability of being chosen, however unattractive. In this paper, a novel choice model, the Bounded Choice Model (BCM), is presented along with network conditions for a corresponding Bounded SUE. The model integrates an exogenously-defined bound on the random utility of the set of paths that are used at equilibrium, within a Random Utility Theory (RUT) framework. The model predicts which routes are used and unused (the choice sets are equilibrated), while still ensuring that the distribution of flows on used routes accords to a Discrete Choice Model. Importantly, conditions to guarantee existence and uniqueness of the Bounded SUE are shown. Also, a corresponding solution algorithm is proposed and numerical results are reported by applying this to the Sioux Falls network.
David Paul Watling; Thomas Kjær Rasmussen; Carlo Giacomo Prato; Otto Anker Nielsen. Stochastic user equilibrium with a bounded choice model. Transportation Research Part B: Methodological 2018, 114, 254 -280.
AMA StyleDavid Paul Watling, Thomas Kjær Rasmussen, Carlo Giacomo Prato, Otto Anker Nielsen. Stochastic user equilibrium with a bounded choice model. Transportation Research Part B: Methodological. 2018; 114 ():254-280.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDavid Paul Watling; Thomas Kjær Rasmussen; Carlo Giacomo Prato; Otto Anker Nielsen. 2018. "Stochastic user equilibrium with a bounded choice model." Transportation Research Part B: Methodological 114, no. : 254-280.
Cycling-inclusive urban planning is attracting attention worldwide because of the environmental, health, economic, and transport benefits inherent to cycling from the individual and the societal perspectives. The Czech Republic is one of the emerging cycling countries that are trying to promote and support cycling, but cycling mode shares are low because of the poor quality of the scarce infrastructure and the psychological barrier of the perceived lack of safety when cycling in mixed traffic. This study takes a multimodal approach based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour and focuses on the factors underlying the willingness to share the road from the perspective of cyclists and drivers: positive attitudes toward cycling, positive attitudes toward cyclists’ behavior, social norms toward cycling and anxiety to share the road. A web-based questionnaire was tailor-designed and administered in the Czech Republic via social networks, web forums, and the Civinet network, and a hybrid bivariate-ordered model tested the behavioral framework. Results show that the willingness to share the road as a cyclist or as a driver relates positively to positive attitudes towards cycling and cyclists’ behavior, and negatively to the anxiety of sharing the road. Moreover, mediator effects are observed and a clear relation emerges between the experience on the road as both a cyclist and a driver on the willingness to share the road as a cyclist. Lastly, results show that the factors underlying road sharing intentions are related significantly to gender, travel habits, and perceived personal and infrastructure-related barriers to cycling.
Sigal Kaplan; Igor Mikolasek; Hana Bruhova Foltynova; Kira H. Janstrup; Carlo G. Prato. Attitudes, norms and difficulties underlying road sharing intentions as drivers and cyclists: Evidence from the Czech Republic. International Journal of Sustainable Transportation 2018, 13, 350 -362.
AMA StyleSigal Kaplan, Igor Mikolasek, Hana Bruhova Foltynova, Kira H. Janstrup, Carlo G. Prato. Attitudes, norms and difficulties underlying road sharing intentions as drivers and cyclists: Evidence from the Czech Republic. International Journal of Sustainable Transportation. 2018; 13 (5):350-362.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSigal Kaplan; Igor Mikolasek; Hana Bruhova Foltynova; Kira H. Janstrup; Carlo G. Prato. 2018. "Attitudes, norms and difficulties underlying road sharing intentions as drivers and cyclists: Evidence from the Czech Republic." International Journal of Sustainable Transportation 13, no. 5: 350-362.
Optimising stopping patterns in railway schedules is a cost-effective way to reduce passengers’ generalised travel costs without increasing train operators’ costs. The challenge consists in striking a balance between an increase in waiting time for passengers at skipped stations and a decrease in travel time for through-going passengers, with possible consequent changes in the passenger demand and route choices. This study presents the formulation of the skip-stop problem as a bi-level optimisation problem where the lower level is a schedule-based transit assignment model that delivers passengers’ route choices to the skip-stop optimisation model at the upper level, and where the upper level in return provides an improved timetable to the lower level. A heuristic method for large-scale urban networks is presented to solve this extremely complex bi-level problem, where the skip-stop optimisation is a mixed-integer problem, whereas the route choice model is a non-linear non-continuous mapping of the timetable. The method was tested on the suburban railway network in the Greater Copenhagen Region (Denmark): the reduction in railway passengers’ in-vehicle travel time was 5.5%, the reduction in passengers’ generalised travel cost was 3.2% and, at the system level, the yearly consumer surplus amounted at 76.7 million DKK (about 10.3 million EUR or 12.7 million USD) when compared to the existing stopping patterns.
Jens Parbo; Otto Anker Nielsen; Carlo G. Prato. Reducing passengers’ travel time by optimising stopping patterns in a large-scale network: A case-study in the Copenhagen Region. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 2018, 113, 197 -212.
AMA StyleJens Parbo, Otto Anker Nielsen, Carlo G. Prato. Reducing passengers’ travel time by optimising stopping patterns in a large-scale network: A case-study in the Copenhagen Region. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice. 2018; 113 ():197-212.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJens Parbo; Otto Anker Nielsen; Carlo G. Prato. 2018. "Reducing passengers’ travel time by optimising stopping patterns in a large-scale network: A case-study in the Copenhagen Region." Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 113, no. : 197-212.
Park-and-ride (P&R) offers an alternative to the exclusive use of the car when considering the door-to-door travel experience. The intended effects of good P&R services are an increase in public transport ridership, a decrease in the vehicle-kilometers traveled, and a reduction in the number of cars in the city centers. However, no consensus exists in the literature about the effectiveness of P&R, and no consideration of parking space utilization exists when searching for the optimal location of P&R lots or analyzing P&R choices. Accordingly, this study models the utilization of 7590 parking spaces in 20 P&R lots along the major arterials around Brisbane (Australia). A discrete-time logistic regression model calculates the probability that each parking space is occupied at the end of one of 60 time intervals between 4:00 a.m. and 9:00 a.m. on a weekday. The findings from the model suggest that the probability of a parking space to be occupied increases with a larger capacity of the P&R lot, a larger number of public transport services, and a lower walking time to the platforms. Moreover, the results suggest that a parking space is more likely to be occupied in P&R lots farther from the central business district (CBD) until 8.00 a.m., but it is more probable to be occupied in P&R lots closer to the CBD from 8.00 a.m. onwards. This dynamic model of parking space utilization within a P&R lot could contribute to the evaluation of future P&R utilization, the formulation of realistic optimization models, and the estimation of dynamic activity-based models.
Bibhuti Sharma; Mark Hickman; Carlo G. Prato. Discrete-Time Hazard Model of the Dynamic Utilization of Parking Spaces within Park-and-Ride Lots. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2018, 2672, 911 -919.
AMA StyleBibhuti Sharma, Mark Hickman, Carlo G. Prato. Discrete-Time Hazard Model of the Dynamic Utilization of Parking Spaces within Park-and-Ride Lots. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board. 2018; 2672 (8):911-919.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBibhuti Sharma; Mark Hickman; Carlo G. Prato. 2018. "Discrete-Time Hazard Model of the Dynamic Utilization of Parking Spaces within Park-and-Ride Lots." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 8: 911-919.
This study proposes the investigation of the relations between the perception of safety improvement, the provision of information with road signs, the amount of provided information, and observable and unobservable traits of road users. A web-based survey collected information about the estimation of conflicts and the perception of safety improvement in 12 traffic locations grouped according to (i) low amount of information that generated ambiguity and (ii) high amount of information that generated redundancy. Moreover, the web-based survey gathered information about socioeconomic characteristics, driving frequency, driving habits, driving style and need of closure of road users, the latter being measured with two validated psychometric scales. The survey was administered to 753 Hungarians with expertise in transport and traffic (for the purpose of having a good estimation of safety improvements) and experience with redundant information (for the purpose of having a sample familiar with one of the issues). A Structural Equation Modelling approach allowed estimating a system of relations that suggested the following: (i) the perception of safety improvement is not related only to road sign comprehension, but also to the amount of information and, more relevantly, the driving style and the information processing needs of the drivers; (ii) the perception that road signs improve safety varies with gender, age, driving frequency and driving habits, thus making the purpose of road signs to reduce conflict a more complex task because of the effect of the traits of the road users; (iii) the road design should adhere to three of the principles of sustainable safety that have been proposed to design self-explanatory roads; (iv) solutions should look into personalised driving assistance that would be able to address the different needs that drivers have to feel safe.
Sigal Kaplan; Shaun Bortei-Doku; Carlo G. Prato. The relation between the perception of safe traffic and the comprehension of road signs in conditions of ambiguous and redundant information. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour 2018, 55, 415 -425.
AMA StyleSigal Kaplan, Shaun Bortei-Doku, Carlo G. Prato. The relation between the perception of safe traffic and the comprehension of road signs in conditions of ambiguous and redundant information. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour. 2018; 55 ():415-425.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSigal Kaplan; Shaun Bortei-Doku; Carlo G. Prato. 2018. "The relation between the perception of safe traffic and the comprehension of road signs in conditions of ambiguous and redundant information." Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour 55, no. : 415-425.
Growing interest in sustainable transportation systems has driven decision-makers toward policies and investments aimed at promoting cycling, but little to no effort has been made toward incorporating bicycle transport in transport planning models. This study contributes toward this direction by estimating a bicycle route choice model in value-of-distance space from a large sample of 3384 cycling trips that were traced with GPS devices in the Copenhagen Region. The novelty of this study lies in (i) observing cyclists' behavior in a cycling-oriented country, (ii) exploiting rich data about the cycling environment, (iii) estimating the model in value-of-distance rather than preference space, and (iv) not focusing only on preferences for traditional variables (e.g., distance, turns, hilliness, intersections, motorized road characteristics), but also on perceptions and preferences for bicycle facilities (e.g., bicycle lanes, bicycle paths, bicycle traces) and land-use designations (e.g., residential, industrial, sports, scenic areas). The findings from the model show that: (i) cyclists exhibit heterogeneous preferences for avoiding right and left turns, cycling the wrong way, using roundabouts and bridges, and cycling alongside residential and scenic areas; (ii) cyclists dislike cycling on unpaved and hilly surfaces and alongside larger roads; (iii) cyclists have clear perceptions about different types of bicycle facilities, with a preference for bicycle lanes and segregated paths; (iv) cyclists have clear perceptions about land-use designations, with a preference for cycling alongside sports and scenic areas; (v) time-of-day and air temperature contribute to the perceptions of cyclists and their preferences for bicycle facilities and land-use designations.
Carlo Giacomo Prato; Katrín Halldórsdóttir; Otto Anker Nielsen. Evaluation of land-use and transport network effects on cyclists' route choices in the Copenhagen Region in value-of-distance space. International Journal of Sustainable Transportation 2018, 12, 770 -781.
AMA StyleCarlo Giacomo Prato, Katrín Halldórsdóttir, Otto Anker Nielsen. Evaluation of land-use and transport network effects on cyclists' route choices in the Copenhagen Region in value-of-distance space. International Journal of Sustainable Transportation. 2018; 12 (10):770-781.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarlo Giacomo Prato; Katrín Halldórsdóttir; Otto Anker Nielsen. 2018. "Evaluation of land-use and transport network effects on cyclists' route choices in the Copenhagen Region in value-of-distance space." International Journal of Sustainable Transportation 12, no. 10: 770-781.
Among the numerous factors that contribute to young novice drivers' driving styles, personality characteristics, sociodemographic variables, family atmosphere, and friends' norms are known to have an important impact. However, cross-cultural comparisons are relatively rare in the safety literature concerning young drivers. This study aimed at comparing young drivers from Israel and Queensland (Australia) and examining the contribution of personality, sociodemographic, family and friends' aspects to their driving styles (reckless and careless; hostile and angry; anxious; patient and careful). More specifically, this study examined the associations between young drivers' driving style and their perceptions of separation-individuation, the family climate for road safety, and the safe driving climate among friends. We also examined sociodemographic and driving history variables such as gender, the marital status of parents, and personal exposure to traffic crashes. The study consisted of two samples of male and female young drivers (age 17-22) from Israel (n=160) and Queensland (n=160), who completed a set of valid and reliable self-report questionnaires. Findings indicate that in general, maladaptive driving styles are associated with lower family tendency to engage in promoting road safety, higher pressure and costs of driving with peers, and unhealthier separation-individuation aspects. The opposite is observed for the patient and careful driving style that relates to higher engagement of the family in road safety, lower pressure from friends, and healthier separation-individuation. Some differences were found regarding specific styles between the two samples. In addition, women scored lower than men in the reckless and careless style, and higher (in the Israeli sample) in the anxious as well as the patient and careful styles. Overall, similarities in the associations between the study variables in the samples exceed the differences, and the importance of examining variables on multi-levels when referring to young drivers' driving styles, is confirmed. The findings attest to the universal utility of the MDSI, together with the understanding that only a wider examination of personal and environmental contributors enables true insights into the complex behavior of driving among young drivers.
Vera Skvirsky; Orit Taubman Ben-Ari; Timothy J. Greenbury; Carlo Giacomo Prato. Contributors to young drivers’ driving styles – A comparison between Israel and Queensland. Accident Analysis & Prevention 2017, 109, 47 -54.
AMA StyleVera Skvirsky, Orit Taubman Ben-Ari, Timothy J. Greenbury, Carlo Giacomo Prato. Contributors to young drivers’ driving styles – A comparison between Israel and Queensland. Accident Analysis & Prevention. 2017; 109 ():47-54.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVera Skvirsky; Orit Taubman Ben-Ari; Timothy J. Greenbury; Carlo Giacomo Prato. 2017. "Contributors to young drivers’ driving styles – A comparison between Israel and Queensland." Accident Analysis & Prevention 109, no. : 47-54.