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Shannon Conneely
Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine/Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, USA

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Review
Published: 13 January 2021 in Current Oncology Reports
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Purpose of Review Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in children remains a challenging disease to cure with suboptimal outcomes particularly when compared to the more common lymphoid leukemias. Recent advances in the genetic characterization of AML have enhanced understanding of individualized patient risk, which has also led to the development of new therapeutic strategies. Here, we review key cytogenetic and molecular features of pediatric AML and how new therapies are being used to improve outcomes. Recent Findings Recent studies have revealed an increasing number of mutations, including WT1, CBFA2T3-GLIS2, and KAT6A fusions, DEK-NUP214 and NUP98 fusions, and specific KMT2A rearrangements, which are associated with poor outcomes. However, outcomes are starting to improve with the addition of therapies such as gemtuzumab ozogamicin and FLT3 inhibitors, initially developed in adult AML. Summary The combination of advanced risk stratification and ongoing improvements and innovations in treatment strategy will undoubtedly lead to better outcomes for children with AML.

ACS Style

Shannon E. Conneely; Alexandra M. Stevens. Acute Myeloid Leukemia in Children: Emerging Paradigms in Genetics and New Approaches to Therapy. Current Oncology Reports 2021, 23, 1 -13.

AMA Style

Shannon E. Conneely, Alexandra M. Stevens. Acute Myeloid Leukemia in Children: Emerging Paradigms in Genetics and New Approaches to Therapy. Current Oncology Reports. 2021; 23 (2):1-13.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shannon E. Conneely; Alexandra M. Stevens. 2021. "Acute Myeloid Leukemia in Children: Emerging Paradigms in Genetics and New Approaches to Therapy." Current Oncology Reports 23, no. 2: 1-13.

Review
Published: 02 February 2020 in Children
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Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a rare disease accounting for only 5%–10% of pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and fewer than 1000 cases occur annually in the United States across all age groups. Characterized by t (15; 17), with a resultant PML-RARA gene fusion driving leukemia development, advances in therapy have improved outcomes for APL significantly in the past several decades, now making APL the most curable form of AML in both children and adults. Cure rates in APL are now comparable to pediatric B-lymphoid leukemias. The success of APL treatment is due, in part, to the breadth of understanding of the driver PML-RARA mutation as well as collaborative efforts to quickly introduce and maximize the benefit of new therapies. Here, we review the presentation, clinical features, pathogenesis, and treatment advances in pediatric APL.

ACS Style

Shannon Conneely; Alexandra Stevens. Advances in Pediatric Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia. Children 2020, 7, 11 .

AMA Style

Shannon Conneely, Alexandra Stevens. Advances in Pediatric Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia. Children. 2020; 7 (2):11.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shannon Conneely; Alexandra Stevens. 2020. "Advances in Pediatric Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia." Children 7, no. 2: 11.