We considered various non‐uniformities such as branch faults, rotation of stress field directions, and changes in tectonic environments to simulate the dynamic rupture process of the 6 February 2023 Mw 7.8 Kahramanmaraş earthquake in SE Türkiye. We utilized near‐fault waveform data, GNSS static displacements, and surface rupture to constrain the dynamic model. The results indicate that the high initial stress accumulated in the Kahramanmaraş‐Çelikhan seismic gap leads to the successful triggering of the East Anatolian Fault (EAF) and the supershear rupture in the northeast segment. Due to the complexity of fault geometry, the rupture speed along the southeastern segment of the EAF varied repeatedly between supershear and subshear, which contributed to the unexpectedly strong ground motion. Furthermore, the triggering of the EAF reminds us to be aware of the risk of seismic gaps on major faults being triggered by secondary faults, which is crucial to prevent significant disasters.

A high-scalable and fully optimized earthquake model is presented based on the latest Sunway supercomputer. Contributions include: 1) the curvilinear grid finite-difference method (CGFDM) and flexible model applying perfectly matched layer (PML) and enabling more accurate and realistic terrain descriptions; 2) a hybrid and non-uniform domain decomposition scheme that efficiently maps the model across different levels of the computing system; and 3) sophisticated optimizations that largely alleviate or even eliminate bottlenecks in memory, communication, etc., obtaining a speedup of over 140×. Combining all innovations, the design fully exploits the hardware potential of all aspects and enables us to perform the largest CGFDM-based earthquake simulation ever reported (69.7 PFlops using over 39 million cores). Based on our design, the Turkey earthquakes (February 6, 2023), and the Ridgecrest earthquake (July 4, 2019), are successfully simulated with a maximum resolution of 12-m. Precise hazard evaluations for the hazardous reduction of earthquake-stricken areas are also conducted.

The 2016 Kumamoto earthquake, including two large (Mw ≥ 6.0) foreshocks and an Mw 7.0 mainshock, occurred in the Hinagu and Futagawa fault zones in the middle of Kyushu island, Japan. Here, we obtain the complex coseismic deformation field associated with this earthquake from Advanced Land Observation Satellite-2 (ALOS-2) and Sentinel-1A Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) data. These InSAR data, in combination with available Global Positioning System (GPS) data, are then used to determine an optimal four-segment fault geometry with the jRi method, which considers both data misfit and the perturbation error from data noise. Our preferred slip distribution model indicates that the rupture is dominated by right-lateral strike-slip, with a significant normal slip component. The largest asperity is located on the northern segment of the Futagawa fault, with a maximum slip of 5.6 m at a 5–6 km depth. The estimated shallow slips along the Futagawa fault and northern Hinagu fault are consistent with the displacements of surface ruptures from the field investigation, suggesting a shallow slip deficit. The total geodetic moment release is estimated to be 4.89 × 10¹⁹ Nm (Mw 7.09), which is slightly larger than seismological estimates. The calculated static Coulomb stress changes induced by the preferred slip distribution model cannot completely explain the spatial distribution of aftershocks. Sensitivity analysis of Coulomb stress change implies that aftershocks in the stress shadow area may be driven by aseismic creep or triggered by dynamic stress transfer, requiring further investigation.

The 18 December 2023 Mw 6.0 Jishishan earthquake struck the Dahejia basin in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau. Three isolated sites of concentrated fractures with a total length of ∼8 km were observed in field surveys. It remains unclear that such surface faulting was the extension of mapped active thrusts or just ground cracking. Moreover, inaccurate and incomplete routine earthquake catalog based on a sparse permanent seismic network makes it difficult to determine the seismogenic fault within a multifault zone. In this study, we develop a high precision aftershock catalog based on a self-deployed dense seismic array, illuminating an unrecognized blind northeast-dipping seismogenic fault and an activated southwest-dipping conjugate fault. We simulate the dynamic rupture process to investigate slip behaviors and delineate the previously suspected ruptures are ground cracking. Our results present a unilateral rupture event with a relatively slow rupture velocity and low radiation efficiency, suggesting that this earthquake may have ruptured an immature basin thrust.

The 2025 M _w  7.7 Myanmar earthquake ruptured the central Sagaing fault, a previously identified seismic gap with high seismic potential. Here, we perform hundreds of 3D dynamic rupture simulations to investigate the rupture dynamics, constrained by near‐fault strong‐motion waveforms, optical and SAR pixel offsets, and a kinematic source model. Our preferred model suggests that the rupture involves asymmetric supershear ruptures, with stable rupture speeds following initial bilateral subshear propagation, as supported by the low frequency of aftershocks and high seismic radiation efficiency. The Burridge‐Andrews mechanism and free‐surface effects likely dominate the supershear transition. Moreover, the derived slip distribution exhibits segmentation in both extent and magnitude, with few shallow slip deficits, which correlate with the interseismic locking depth and slip rate. Our results demonstrate that data‐constrained dynamic rupture simulations offer valuable insights into the physical mechanisms governing complex earthquake rupture processes.

The 2022 $Mw$ 6.6 Luding earthquake occurred on the Xianshuihe fault, one of China’s most active faults. Revealing the rupture process of the Luding earthquake and exploring the distribution of high intensities is important for earthquake hazard reduction around the active Xianshuihe fault in the future. Therefore, we modeled the dynamic rupture and ground motions of the Luding earthquake. The dynamic rupture modeling demonstrates that the maximum slip of the fault plane is ∼1.34 m, and the ground‐motion simulations show the highest intensity attained is IX. In addition, we conducted a comparative analysis between synthetic data and station observation records, illustrating that our simulation results are compatible with the seismic station observations. We investigated the influence of geometric complexities on the Xianshuihe fault rupture and found that varying the dip angle of the southern segment may lead to premature rupture termination and constrain the rupture propagation. Our study provides insights into the complex geometry’s effect on the physical process of large earthquakes on the Xianshuihe fault.