Cu-ZSM-5 and Ce-doped Cu-Ce-ZSM-5 samples were prepared by liquid-phase ion exchange method. The two catalysts were subjected to hydrothermal aging treatment in the simulated flue gas of a coal-fired power station at an ageing temperature of 650–850 °C. The denitration experiment found that the activity of the aged Cu-ZSM-5 was 19.6% to 41% lower than that of the fresh Cu-ZSM-5 at the optimal decomposition temperature of NO at 550 °C, while the aged Cu-Ce-ZSM-5 had only a 14.8% to 31.5% reduction in activity than the fresh Cu-Ce-ZSM-5. The samples were characterized by XRD, BET, H₂-TPR, XPS, NO-TPD, etc. The results showed that hydrothermal aging treatment leads to the dealumination of the ZSM-5 framework and reduces the specific surface area and pore volume of the micropore in the sample. It also exacerbates the isolated Cu²⁺, and the active center {Cu²⁺-O²⁻-Cu²⁺}²⁺ dimers migrate towards the sample surface and form inactive CuO. Doping with Ce can promote the dispersion of Cu(OH)⁺, which was the precursor of {Cu²⁺-O²⁻-Cu²⁺}²⁺. Ce³⁺ can preferentially occupy the less active bridged hydroxyl exchange sites, so that copper ions occupy the more active aluminum hydroxyl sites, thereby inhibiting the migration of active centers.

In order to obtain the adsorption mechanism and failure characteristics of CO₂ adsorption by potassium-based adsorbents with different supports, five types of supports (circulating fluidized bed boiler fly ash, pulverized coal boiler fly ash, activated carbon, molecular sieve, and alumina) and three kinds of adsorbents under the modified conditions of K₂CO₃ theoretical loading (10%, 30%, and 50%) were studied. The effect of the reaction temperature (50 °C, 60 °C, 70 °C, 80 °C, and 90 °C) and CO₂ concentration (5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12.5%, and 15%) on the adsorption of CO₂ by the adsorbent after loading and the effect of flue gas composition on the failure characteristics of adsorbents were obtained. At the same time, the microscopic characteristics of the adsorbents before and after loading and the reaction were studied by using a specific surface area and porosity analyzer as well as a scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffractometer. Combining its reaction and adsorption kinetics process, the mechanism of influence was explored. The results show that the optimal theoretical loading of the five adsorbents is 30% and the reaction temperature of 70 °C and the concentration of 12.5% CO₂ are the best reaction conditions. The actual loading and CO₂ adsorption performance of the K₂CO₃/AC adsorbent are the best while the K₂CO₃/Al₂O₃ adsorbent is the worst. During the carbonation reaction of the adsorbent, the cumulative pore volume plays a more important role in the adsorption process than the specific surface area. As the reaction temperature increases, the internal diffusion resistance increases remarkably. K₂CO₃/AC has the lowest activation energy and the carbonation reaction is the easiest to carry out. SO₂ and HCl react with K₂CO₃ to produce new substances, which leads to the gradual failure of the adsorbents and K₂CO₃/AC has the best cycle failure performance.