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Application of cryogenic fluids for efficient heat dissipation is gradually becoming part and parcel of titanium machining. Not much research is done to establish the minimum quantity of a cryogenic fluid required to sustain a machining process with respect to a given material removal rate. This article presents an experimental investigation for quantifying the sustainability of milling a commonly used titanium alloy (Ti–6Al–4V) by varying mass flow rates of two kinds of cryogenic coolants at various levels of cutting speed. The three cooling options tested are dry (no coolant), evaporative cryogenic coolant (liquid nitrogen), and throttle cryogenic coolant (compressed carbon dioxide gas). The milling sustainability is quantified in terms of the following metrics: tool damage, fluid cost, specific cutting energy, work surface roughness, and productivity. Dry milling carried out the at the highest level of cutting speed yielded the worst results regarding tool damage and surface roughness. Likewise, the evaporative coolant applied with the highest flow rate and at the lowest cutting speed was the worst performer with respect to energy consumption. From a holistic perspective, the throttle cryogenic coolant applied at the highest levels of mass flow rate and cutting speed stood out to be the most sustainable option.
Asif Iqbal; Guolong Zhao; Hazwani Suhaimi; Malik Nauman; Ning He; Juliana Zaini; Wei Zhao. On Coolant Flow Rate-Cutting Speed Trade-Off for Sustainability in Cryogenic Milling of Ti–6Al–4V. Materials 2021, 14, 3429 .
AMA StyleAsif Iqbal, Guolong Zhao, Hazwani Suhaimi, Malik Nauman, Ning He, Juliana Zaini, Wei Zhao. On Coolant Flow Rate-Cutting Speed Trade-Off for Sustainability in Cryogenic Milling of Ti–6Al–4V. Materials. 2021; 14 (12):3429.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAsif Iqbal; Guolong Zhao; Hazwani Suhaimi; Malik Nauman; Ning He; Juliana Zaini; Wei Zhao. 2021. "On Coolant Flow Rate-Cutting Speed Trade-Off for Sustainability in Cryogenic Milling of Ti–6Al–4V." Materials 14, no. 12: 3429.
Lightweight materials are finding plentiful applications in various engineering sectors due to their high strength-to-weight ratios. Hole-making is an inevitable requirement for their structural applications, which is often marred by thermal damages of the drill causing unacceptable shortening of tool life. Efficient cooling of the tool is a prime requirement for enhancing the process viability. The current work presents a novel technique of cooling only the twist drill between drilling of holes with no effect of the applied cryogenic coolant transferred to the work material. The technique is applied in the drilling of two commonly used high-strength lightweight materials: carbon fibers reinforced polymer (CFRP) and an alloy of titanium (Ti-6Al-4V). The efficacy of the cooling approach is compared with those of conventionally applied continuous cryogenic cooling and no-cooling. The effectiveness is quantified in terms of tool wear, thrust force, hole quality, specific cutting energy, productivity, and consumption of the cryogenic fluid. The experimental work leads to a finding that between-the-holes cryogenic cooling possesses a rich potential in curbing tool wear, reducing thrust force and specific energy consumption, and improving hole quality in drilling of CFRP. Regarding the titanium alloy, it yields a much better surface finish and lesser consumption of specific cutting energy.
Asif Iqbal; Guolong Zhao; Juliana Zaini; Munish Gupta; Muhammad Jamil; Ning He; Malik Nauman; Tadeusz Mikolajczyk; Danil Pimenov. Between-the-Holes Cryogenic Cooling of the Tool in Hole-Making of Ti-6Al-4V and CFRP. Materials 2021, 14, 795 .
AMA StyleAsif Iqbal, Guolong Zhao, Juliana Zaini, Munish Gupta, Muhammad Jamil, Ning He, Malik Nauman, Tadeusz Mikolajczyk, Danil Pimenov. Between-the-Holes Cryogenic Cooling of the Tool in Hole-Making of Ti-6Al-4V and CFRP. Materials. 2021; 14 (4):795.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAsif Iqbal; Guolong Zhao; Juliana Zaini; Munish Gupta; Muhammad Jamil; Ning He; Malik Nauman; Tadeusz Mikolajczyk; Danil Pimenov. 2021. "Between-the-Holes Cryogenic Cooling of the Tool in Hole-Making of Ti-6Al-4V and CFRP." Materials 14, no. 4: 795.
A simple hexagonal lattice photonic crystal fiber model with liquid-infiltrated core for different liquids: water, ethanol and benzene, has been proposed. In the proposed structure, three air hole rings are present in the cladding and three equal sized air holes are present in the core. Numerical investigation of the proposed fiber has been performed using full vector finite element method with anisotropic perfectly match layers, to show that the proposed simple structure exhibits high relative sensitivity, high power fraction, relatively high birefringence, low chromatic dispersion, low confinement loss, small effective area, and high nonlinear coefficient. All these properties have been numerically investigated at a wider wavelength regime 0.6–1.8 μm within mostly the IR region. Relative sensitivities of water, ethanol and benzene are obtained at 62.60%, 65.34% and 74.50%, respectively, and the nonlinear coefficients are 69.4 W−1 km−1 for water, 73.8 W−1 km−1 for ethanol and 95.4 W−1 km−1 for benzene, at 1.3 µm operating wavelength. The simple structure can be easily fabricated for practical use, and assessment of its multiple waveguide properties has justified its usage in real liquid detection.
Abdul Mu’Iz Maidi; Izaddeen Yakasai; Pg Emeroylariffion Abas; Malik Muhammad Nauman; Rosyzie Anna Apong; Shubi Kaijage; Feroza Begum. Design and Simulation of Photonic Crystal Fiber for Liquid Sensing. Photonics 2021, 8, 16 .
AMA StyleAbdul Mu’Iz Maidi, Izaddeen Yakasai, Pg Emeroylariffion Abas, Malik Muhammad Nauman, Rosyzie Anna Apong, Shubi Kaijage, Feroza Begum. Design and Simulation of Photonic Crystal Fiber for Liquid Sensing. Photonics. 2021; 8 (1):16.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbdul Mu’Iz Maidi; Izaddeen Yakasai; Pg Emeroylariffion Abas; Malik Muhammad Nauman; Rosyzie Anna Apong; Shubi Kaijage; Feroza Begum. 2021. "Design and Simulation of Photonic Crystal Fiber for Liquid Sensing." Photonics 8, no. 1: 16.
As wearable microelectronics become more ubiquitous, and the size and power requirements of such devices decrease, there is increasing research interest in harnessing power from ambient environmental sources through embedded systems as alternative to battery replacements. Accordingly, a multimodal hybrid piezo-electromagnetic insole energy harvester (PEM-IEH) has been presented in this paper as a means to reclaim the biomechanical energy wasted in the surroundings during daily walking. The hybrid device consists of two piezo-ceramic wafer plates, two magnets, and two wound coils. The designed harvester has been simulated, fabricated and experimentally validated. From the frequency response, the hybrid harvester exhibits four resonant frequencies concentrated around 8, 25, 50, and 51 Hz. A maximum combined power of 1400 µW is generated across the optimal load resistances of upper and lower electromagnetic generators at first resonant frequency (8 Hz) under 0.5 g base acceleration, and a 269 µW peak power is obtained across the optimum load resistances of the upper and lower piezoelectric generators at 4th resonance (51 Hz) under 0.5 g. The miniature (46.8 cm3) and lightweight (43.3 g) harvester was incorporated into the sole of an adult-sized commercial shoe, and has been shown to be able to charge a 100 µF capacitor, up to 2.4 Volt within approximately 10 min of slow jogging. The capacitor charging performance presents a remarkable potential application of the harvester in development of micro-power monitoring sensors and wearable microelectronic gadgets where batteries pose a practical bottleneck.
Muhammad Iqbal; Farid Ullah Khan; Murtuza Mehdi; Quentin Cheok; Emeroylariffion Abas; Malik Muhammad Nauman. Power harvesting footwear based on piezo-electromagnetic hybrid generator for sustainable wearable microelectronics. Journal of King Saud University - Engineering Sciences 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleMuhammad Iqbal, Farid Ullah Khan, Murtuza Mehdi, Quentin Cheok, Emeroylariffion Abas, Malik Muhammad Nauman. Power harvesting footwear based on piezo-electromagnetic hybrid generator for sustainable wearable microelectronics. Journal of King Saud University - Engineering Sciences. 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Iqbal; Farid Ullah Khan; Murtuza Mehdi; Quentin Cheok; Emeroylariffion Abas; Malik Muhammad Nauman. 2020. "Power harvesting footwear based on piezo-electromagnetic hybrid generator for sustainable wearable microelectronics." Journal of King Saud University - Engineering Sciences , no. : 1.
Co-relations of friction factor and Nusselt number for plain tubes have been widely developed, but less analysis has been done for tubes with wavy surfaces. This paper uses the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) tool for the analysis of heat transfer and pressure drop in wavy-walled tubes, which can be utilized as a heating element for fluids. An investigation was done for the effect of Reynolds number (Re) and wavy-walled tube geometry on friction factor and Nusselt number of laminar and turbulent flow inside wavy-walled tubes. The numerical results and experimental comparison indicate that heat transfer and pressure drop for water are significantly affected by wavy-walled tube parameters and flow Reynolds number. These wavy-walled tubes are capable of increasing the heat transfer to or from a fluid by an order of magnitude but at an expense of higher pumping power. This ratio was found to remain at the minimum at a wave factor of 0.83 for 34 < Re < 3500 and maximum at a wave factor of 0.15 for 200 < Re < 17,000. New correlations of friction factor and Nusselt number based on wavy-walled tube parameters are proposed in this paper, which can serve as design equations for predicting the friction factor and heat transfer in wavy-walled tubes under a laminar and turbulent regime with less than 10% error. The quantitative simulation results match the experimental results with less than 15% error. The qualitative comparison with the experiments indicates that the simulations are well capable of accurately predicting the circulation zones within the bulgy part of the tubes.
Malik Muhammad Nauman; Muhammad Sameer; Murtuza Mehdi; Asif Iqbal; Zulfikre Esa. Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop in Wavy-Walled Tubes: A Parameter-BASED CFD Study. Fluids 2020, 5, 202 .
AMA StyleMalik Muhammad Nauman, Muhammad Sameer, Murtuza Mehdi, Asif Iqbal, Zulfikre Esa. Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop in Wavy-Walled Tubes: A Parameter-BASED CFD Study. Fluids. 2020; 5 (4):202.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMalik Muhammad Nauman; Muhammad Sameer; Murtuza Mehdi; Asif Iqbal; Zulfikre Esa. 2020. "Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop in Wavy-Walled Tubes: A Parameter-BASED CFD Study." Fluids 5, no. 4: 202.
A nano-particle solution processing route to the cost effective and easy fabrication of Copper Indium diSelenide (CIS) layers is presented in this study via the Electrospray Deposition of six different inks containing CIS nano-particle colloid solutions. Six different inks have been developed after synthesizing the CIS nanoparticles via solvo-thermal process. The inks differ from each other based on solvents and particle concentrations. Molybdenum coated glass was used as a substrate to deposit ~1 µm thick CIS layers. These deposited layers were then characterized according to their deposition parameters, surface morphology, structural analysis, transmittance behavior and electrical properties. Highly uniform chalcopyrite films were obtained with good purity and more than 90% absorbance characteristics with an average sheet resistivity of ~50 Ω.cm thereby confirming the applicability of the films to be utilized in the ultimate manufacture of solar cells.
Amer Farhan Rafique; Malik Muhammad Nauman; Wail Ismail Abdullah Harasani. Effect of Nano-colloidal Inks’ composition on the fabrication and properties of High-Quality Electrospray Coated Copper-Indium-diSelenide micro-films. Thin Solid Films 2020, 715, 138421 .
AMA StyleAmer Farhan Rafique, Malik Muhammad Nauman, Wail Ismail Abdullah Harasani. Effect of Nano-colloidal Inks’ composition on the fabrication and properties of High-Quality Electrospray Coated Copper-Indium-diSelenide micro-films. Thin Solid Films. 2020; 715 ():138421.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAmer Farhan Rafique; Malik Muhammad Nauman; Wail Ismail Abdullah Harasani. 2020. "Effect of Nano-colloidal Inks’ composition on the fabrication and properties of High-Quality Electrospray Coated Copper-Indium-diSelenide micro-films." Thin Solid Films 715, no. : 138421.
Stretchable and flexible graphite films can be effectively applied as functional layers in the progressively increasing field of stretchable and flexible electronics. In this paper, we focus on the feasibility of making stretchable and flexible films based on expanded graphite particles on a polymeric substrate material, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The expanded graphite particles used in this work are prepared by utilizing bath sonication processes at the ultrasonic frequency of either the commercially available graphite flakes or graphite particles obtained through electrolysis under the interstitial substitution of silver and sulfate, respectively. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns confirm that, due to the action of the bath sonication intercalation of graphite taking place, the resistances of the as-fabricated thin films is ultimately lowered. Mechanical characterizations, such as stretchability, flexibility and reliability tests were performed using home-made tools. The films were found to remain stretchable up to 40% tensile strain and 20% bending strain. These films were also found to remain functional when repeatedly flexed up to 1000 times.
Malik Muhammad Nauman; Murtuza Mehdi; Dawood Husain; Juliana Haji Zaini; Muhammad Saifullah Abu Bakar; Hasan Askari; Babar Ali; Ahmed Ur Rehman; Hassan Abbas; Zahid Hussain; Danial Zaki. Stretchable and Flexible Thin Films Based on Expanded Graphite Particles. Processes 2020, 8, 961 .
AMA StyleMalik Muhammad Nauman, Murtuza Mehdi, Dawood Husain, Juliana Haji Zaini, Muhammad Saifullah Abu Bakar, Hasan Askari, Babar Ali, Ahmed Ur Rehman, Hassan Abbas, Zahid Hussain, Danial Zaki. Stretchable and Flexible Thin Films Based on Expanded Graphite Particles. Processes. 2020; 8 (8):961.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMalik Muhammad Nauman; Murtuza Mehdi; Dawood Husain; Juliana Haji Zaini; Muhammad Saifullah Abu Bakar; Hasan Askari; Babar Ali; Ahmed Ur Rehman; Hassan Abbas; Zahid Hussain; Danial Zaki. 2020. "Stretchable and Flexible Thin Films Based on Expanded Graphite Particles." Processes 8, no. 8: 961.
Wireless sensor nodes (WSNs) and embedded microsystems have recently gained tremendous traction from researchers due to their vast sensing and monitoring applications in various fields including healthcare, academic, finance, environment, military, agriculture, retail, and consumer electronics. An essential requirement for the sustainable operation of WSN is the presence of an uninterrupted power supply; which is currently obtained from electrochemical batteries that suffer from limited life cycles and are associated with serious environmental hazards. An alternative to replacing batteries of WSNs; either the direct replacement or to facilitate battery regular recharging, is by looking into energy harvesting for its sustainable drive. Energy harvesting is a technique by which ambient energy can be converted into useful electricity, particularly for low‐power WSNs and consumer electronics. In particular, vibration‐based energy harvesting has been a key focus area, due to the abundant availability of vibration‐based energy sources that can be easily harvested. In vibration‐based energy harvesters (VEHs), different optimization techniques and design considerations are taken in order to broaden the operation frequency range through multi‐resonant states, increase multi‐degree‐of‐freedom, provide nonlinear characteristics, and implement the hybrid conversion. This comprehensive review summarizes recent developments in VEHs with a focus on piezoelectric, electromagnetic, and hybrid piezoelectric‐electromagnetic energy harvesters. Various vibration and motion‐induced energy harvesting prototypes have been reviewed and discussed in detail with respect to device architecture, conversion mechanism, performance parameters, and implementation. Overall sizes of most of the reported piezoelectric energy harvesters are in the millimeter to centimeter scales, with resonant frequencies in the range of 2‐13 900 Hz. Maximum energy conversion for electromagnetic energy harvesters can potentially reach up to 778.01 μW/cm3. The power produced by the reported hybrid energy harvesters (HEHs) is in the range of 35.43‐4900 μW. Due to the combined piezoelectric‐electromagnetic energy conversion in HEHs, these systems are capable of producing the highest power densities.
Muhammad Iqbal; Malik Muhammad Nauman; Farid Ullah Khan; Pg Emeroylariffion Abas; Quentin Cheok; Asif Iqbal; Brahim Aissa. Vibration‐based piezoelectric, electromagnetic, and hybrid energy harvesters for microsystems applications: A contributed review. International Journal of Energy Research 2020, 45, 65 -102.
AMA StyleMuhammad Iqbal, Malik Muhammad Nauman, Farid Ullah Khan, Pg Emeroylariffion Abas, Quentin Cheok, Asif Iqbal, Brahim Aissa. Vibration‐based piezoelectric, electromagnetic, and hybrid energy harvesters for microsystems applications: A contributed review. International Journal of Energy Research. 2020; 45 (1):65-102.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Iqbal; Malik Muhammad Nauman; Farid Ullah Khan; Pg Emeroylariffion Abas; Quentin Cheok; Asif Iqbal; Brahim Aissa. 2020. "Vibration‐based piezoelectric, electromagnetic, and hybrid energy harvesters for microsystems applications: A contributed review." International Journal of Energy Research 45, no. 1: 65-102.
Harvesting biomechanical energy is a viable solution to sustainably powering wearable electronics for continuous health monitoring, remote sensing, and motion tracking. A hybrid insole energy harvester (HIEH), capable of harvesting energy from low-frequency walking step motion, to supply power to wearable sensors, has been reported in this paper. The multimodal and multi-degrees-of-freedom low frequency walking energy harvester has a lightweight of 33.2 g and occupies a small volume of 44.1 cm3. Experimentally, the HIEH exhibits six resonant frequencies, corresponding to the resonances of the intermediate square spiral planar spring at 9.7, 41 Hz, 50 Hz, and 55 Hz, the Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) beam-I at 16.5 Hz and PVDF beam-II at 25 Hz. The upper and lower electromagnetic (EM) generators are capable of delivering peak powers of 58 µW and 51 µW under 0.6 g, by EM induction at 9.7 Hz, across optimum load resistances of 13.5 Ω and 16.5 Ω, respectively. Moreover, PVDF-I and PVDF-II generate root mean square (RMS) voltages of 3.34 V and 3.83 V across 9 MΩ load resistance, under 0.6 g base acceleration. As compared to individual harvesting units, the hybrid harvester performed much better, generated about 7 V open-circuit voltage and charged a 100 µF capacitor up to 2.9 V using a hand movement for about eight minutes, which is 30% more voltage than the standalone piezoelectric unit in the same amount of time. The designed HIEH can be a potential mobile source to sustainably power wearable electronics and wireless body sensors.
Muhammad Iqbal; Malik Muhammad Nauman; Farid Ullah Khan; Pg Emeroylariffion Abas; Quentin Cheok; Asif Iqbal; Brahim Aissa. Multimodal Hybrid Piezoelectric-Electromagnetic Insole Energy Harvester Using PVDF Generators. Electronics 2020, 9, 635 .
AMA StyleMuhammad Iqbal, Malik Muhammad Nauman, Farid Ullah Khan, Pg Emeroylariffion Abas, Quentin Cheok, Asif Iqbal, Brahim Aissa. Multimodal Hybrid Piezoelectric-Electromagnetic Insole Energy Harvester Using PVDF Generators. Electronics. 2020; 9 (4):635.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Iqbal; Malik Muhammad Nauman; Farid Ullah Khan; Pg Emeroylariffion Abas; Quentin Cheok; Asif Iqbal; Brahim Aissa. 2020. "Multimodal Hybrid Piezoelectric-Electromagnetic Insole Energy Harvester Using PVDF Generators." Electronics 9, no. 4: 635.
Ti-6Al-4V, the most commonly used alloy of titanium, possesses excellent mechanical properties and corrosion resistance, which is the prime reason for the continual rise in its industrial demand worldwide. The extraordinary mechanical properties of the alloy are viewed as a hindrance when it comes to its shaping processes, and the process of milling is no exception to it. The generation of intense heat flux around the cutting zones is an established reason of poor machinability of the alloy and unacceptably low sustainability of its machining. The work presented in this paper attempts to enhance sustainability of milling Ti-6Al-4V by investigating the effects of milling orientation, cutter’s helix angle, cutting speed, and the type of cryogenic coolant and lubricant on the sustainability measures, such as tool damage, cutting energy consumption, process cost, milling forces, and work surface roughness. It was found that micro-lubrication is more effective than the two commonly used cryogenic coolants (carbon dioxide snow and liquid nitrogen) in reducing tool wear, work surface roughness, process cost, and energy consumption. Furthermore, down-milling enormously outperformed up-milling with respect to tool wear, work surface quality, and process cost. Likewise, the high levels of cutter’s helix angle and cutting speed also proved to be beneficial for milling sustainability.
Asif Iqbal; Hazwani Suhaimi; Wei Zhao; Muhammad Jamil; Malik M Nauman; Ning He; Juliana Zaini. Sustainable Milling of Ti-6Al-4V: Investigating the Effects of Milling Orientation, Cutter′s Helix Angle, and Type of Cryogenic Coolant. Metals 2020, 10, 258 .
AMA StyleAsif Iqbal, Hazwani Suhaimi, Wei Zhao, Muhammad Jamil, Malik M Nauman, Ning He, Juliana Zaini. Sustainable Milling of Ti-6Al-4V: Investigating the Effects of Milling Orientation, Cutter′s Helix Angle, and Type of Cryogenic Coolant. Metals. 2020; 10 (2):258.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAsif Iqbal; Hazwani Suhaimi; Wei Zhao; Muhammad Jamil; Malik M Nauman; Ning He; Juliana Zaini. 2020. "Sustainable Milling of Ti-6Al-4V: Investigating the Effects of Milling Orientation, Cutter′s Helix Angle, and Type of Cryogenic Coolant." Metals 10, no. 2: 258.
This research utilizes electrohydrodynamic printing to fabricate a transparent memristor device having active film of zinc-oxide sandwiched between two silver cross-bar electrodes. It is a unique structure and never been reported in the literature before. The bipolar memristor device demonstrates current bistability as a result of the breakdown of zinc oxide layer into distinct doped and un-doped regions, thus resulting into swift charge transfer. The oxygen vacancies are created in the zinc-oxide layer upon receiving a minimum bias voltage (+ve/−ve) known as forming voltage. The maximum ON/OFF ratio of the current bi-stability for the fabricated memristor was as large as 1 × 103 which is considered satisfactory. The memristor device demonstrated a robust performance of up to 1000 read/write cycles. The printed device was characterized for the structural confirmation using x-ray diffraction analysis and it showed hexagonal wurtzite structure for ZnO active layer and typical face-centred cubic structure for the silver electrodes. The morphological uniformity was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy whereas > 90% transparency was reported by the optical characterization of the zinc-oxide active layer.
Amer Farhan Rafique; Juliana Zaini; Mohammad Zulfikre Bin Esa; Malik Muhammad Nauman. Printed memory devices using electrohydrodynamic deposition technique. Applied Physics A 2020, 126, 1 -8.
AMA StyleAmer Farhan Rafique, Juliana Zaini, Mohammad Zulfikre Bin Esa, Malik Muhammad Nauman. Printed memory devices using electrohydrodynamic deposition technique. Applied Physics A. 2020; 126 (2):1-8.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAmer Farhan Rafique; Juliana Zaini; Mohammad Zulfikre Bin Esa; Malik Muhammad Nauman. 2020. "Printed memory devices using electrohydrodynamic deposition technique." Applied Physics A 126, no. 2: 1-8.
The paper presents an experimental study to investigate the effects of selecting different magnitudes of cutting insert's flank wear as tool life criterion on the sustainability measures of cylindrical grooving process. These sustainability measures include specific cutting energy, process cost, work surface quality, and productivity. A series of near-orthogonal cutting experiments were performed on a high-strength low alloy steel, which targeted also the quantification of the effects of work material's temper state and two cutting parameters. It was concluded from the analyses of the experimental results that tool life criterion possesses a strong significance on all the sustainability measures.
Asif Iqbal; Malik M. Nauman; Khalid A. Al-Ghamdi. On the effects of magnitude of flank wear as tool life criterion on sustainability measures of a continuous machining process. 2018 4th International Conference on Control, Automation and Robotics (ICCAR) 2018, 451 -455.
AMA StyleAsif Iqbal, Malik M. Nauman, Khalid A. Al-Ghamdi. On the effects of magnitude of flank wear as tool life criterion on sustainability measures of a continuous machining process. 2018 4th International Conference on Control, Automation and Robotics (ICCAR). 2018; ():451-455.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAsif Iqbal; Malik M. Nauman; Khalid A. Al-Ghamdi. 2018. "On the effects of magnitude of flank wear as tool life criterion on sustainability measures of a continuous machining process." 2018 4th International Conference on Control, Automation and Robotics (ICCAR) , no. : 451-455.
Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOTPSS) is an organic conductive polymer which has a great potential to replace metallic conductors in thin film electronics. This paper reports the experimental findings on the electromechanical performance of conductive PEDOTPSS thin films on a stretchable and flexible low modulus polymer substrate, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), having random micro-bumpy roughness features. All films were fabricated using the method of dip coating, which is cost effective and also favorable for mass production. The main goal of the study is to quantify the stretchability and bendability of dip coated PEDOTPSS thin films on PDMS substrate having random micro-bumpy type of roughness features. The films displayed almost constant resistance up to 10% axial strain and were also found to remain conductive when bent up to a diameter of 2 mm.
Murtuza Mehdi; Maaz Akhtar; Ahmad Hussain; Malik Muhammad Nauman; Dheya Shuja Alothmany; Iqbal Ahmed; Kyung-Hyun Choi. Dip coated stretchable and bendable PEDOTPSS films on low modulus micro-bumpy PDMS substrate. Journal of Polymer Engineering 2017, 38, 469 -474.
AMA StyleMurtuza Mehdi, Maaz Akhtar, Ahmad Hussain, Malik Muhammad Nauman, Dheya Shuja Alothmany, Iqbal Ahmed, Kyung-Hyun Choi. Dip coated stretchable and bendable PEDOTPSS films on low modulus micro-bumpy PDMS substrate. Journal of Polymer Engineering. 2017; 38 (5):469-474.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMurtuza Mehdi; Maaz Akhtar; Ahmad Hussain; Malik Muhammad Nauman; Dheya Shuja Alothmany; Iqbal Ahmed; Kyung-Hyun Choi. 2017. "Dip coated stretchable and bendable PEDOTPSS films on low modulus micro-bumpy PDMS substrate." Journal of Polymer Engineering 38, no. 5: 469-474.