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Agriculture’s goal to meet the needs of the increasing world population while reducing the environmental impacts of nitrogen (N) fertilizer use without compromising output has proven to be a challenge. Manure and composts have displayed the potential to increase soil fertility. However, their potential effects on nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) emissions have not been properly understood. Using field-scaled lysimeter experiments, we conducted a one-year study to investigate N2O and CH4 emissions, their combined global warming potential (GWP: N2O + CH4) and yield-scaled GWP in a wheat-maize system. One control and six different organic fertilizer treatments receiving different types but equal amounts of N fertilization were used: synthetic N fertilizer (NPK), 30% pig manure + 70% synthetic N fertilizer (PM30), 50% pig manure + 50% synthetic N fertilizer (PM50), 70% pig manure + 30% synthetic N fertilizer (PM70), 100% pig manure (PM100), 50% cow manure-crop residue compost + 50% synthetic N fertilizer (CMRC), and 50% pig manure-crop residue compost + 50% synthetic N fertilizer (PMRC). Seasonal cumulative N2O emissions ranged from 0.39 kg N ha−1 for the PMRC treatment to 0.93 kg N ha−1 for the NPK treatment. Similar CH4 uptakes were recorded across all treatments, with values ranging from −0.68 kg C ha−1 for the PM50 treatment to −0.52 kg C ha−1 for the PM30 treatment. Compared to the NPK treatment, all the organic-amended treatments significantly decreased N2O emission by 32–58% and GWP by 30–61%. However, among the manure-amended treatments, only treatments that consisted of inorganic N with lower or equal proportions of organic manure N treatments were found to reduce N2O emissions while maintaining crop yields at high levels. Moreover, of all the organic-amended treatments, PMRC had the lowest yield-scaled GWP, owing to its ability to significantly reduce N2O emissions while maintaining high crop yields, highlighting it as the most suitable organic fertilization treatment in Sichuan basin wheat-maize systems.
Dayo George Oladipo; Kai Wei; Lei Hu; Ayodeji Medaiyese; Hamidou Bah; Lanre Anthony Gbadegesin; Bo Zhu. Short-Term Assessment of Nitrous Oxide and Methane Emissions on a Crop Yield Basis in Response to Different Organic Amendment Types in Sichuan Basin. Atmosphere 2021, 12, 1104 .
AMA StyleDayo George Oladipo, Kai Wei, Lei Hu, Ayodeji Medaiyese, Hamidou Bah, Lanre Anthony Gbadegesin, Bo Zhu. Short-Term Assessment of Nitrous Oxide and Methane Emissions on a Crop Yield Basis in Response to Different Organic Amendment Types in Sichuan Basin. Atmosphere. 2021; 12 (9):1104.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDayo George Oladipo; Kai Wei; Lei Hu; Ayodeji Medaiyese; Hamidou Bah; Lanre Anthony Gbadegesin; Bo Zhu. 2021. "Short-Term Assessment of Nitrous Oxide and Methane Emissions on a Crop Yield Basis in Response to Different Organic Amendment Types in Sichuan Basin." Atmosphere 12, no. 9: 1104.
There is a huge potential for nutrient recovery from organic waste materials for soil fertility restoration as well as negative environmental emission mitigation. Previous research has found vermicomposting the optimal choice for converting organic waste into beneficial organic fertilizer while reducing reactive N loss. However, a great deal of the processes of greenhouse gases (GHG) and ammonia volatilization during vermicomposting are not well-documented. A field vermicomposting experiment was conducted by deploying earthworms (Eisenia fetida) with three types of agricultural by-products—namely, cow manure (VCM), pig manure (VPM), and biochar (VBC)—and crop (maize) residues compared with traditional composting (COM) without earthworms in the Sichuan Basin, China. Results showed that vermicomposting caused a decrease in electrical conductivity (EC) and total organic carbon (TOC) while increasing total nitrogen (TN). The greatest TN increase was found with VCM. The cumulative NH3 volatilization in COM, VCM, VPM, and VBC during experimental duration was 9.00, 8.02, 15.16, and 8.91 kg N ha−1, respectively. The cumulative CO2 emissions in COM, VCM, VPM, and VBC were 2369, 2814, 3435, and 2984 (g·C·m−2), while for CH4, they were 0.36, 0.28, 4.07, and 0.19 (g·C·m−2) and, for N2O, they were 0.12, 0.06, 0.76, and 0.04 (g·N m−2), respectively. Lower emissions of N2O, CH4, and NH3 were observed in VBC. We concluded that earthworms, as ecological engineers, enhanced reactive nutrients and reduced ammonia volatilization during vermicomposting in our test system. Overall, vermicomposting is proposed as an eco-friendly, sustainable technique that helps to reduce environmental impacts and associated health risks.
Syed Turab Raza; Jia Liang Tang; Zulfiqar Ali; Zhiyuan Yao; Hamidou Bah; Hassan Iqbal; Xiao Ren. Ammonia Volatilization and Greenhouse Gases Emissions during Vermicomposting with Animal Manures and Biochar to Enhance Sustainability. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 18, 178 .
AMA StyleSyed Turab Raza, Jia Liang Tang, Zulfiqar Ali, Zhiyuan Yao, Hamidou Bah, Hassan Iqbal, Xiao Ren. Ammonia Volatilization and Greenhouse Gases Emissions during Vermicomposting with Animal Manures and Biochar to Enhance Sustainability. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 18 (1):178.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSyed Turab Raza; Jia Liang Tang; Zulfiqar Ali; Zhiyuan Yao; Hamidou Bah; Hassan Iqbal; Xiao Ren. 2020. "Ammonia Volatilization and Greenhouse Gases Emissions during Vermicomposting with Animal Manures and Biochar to Enhance Sustainability." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 1: 178.
An experimental vermicomposting system was established in purple soil present in Sichuan Basin, China. The purpose of vermicomposting (VC) was to recycle and manage organic waste materials; for instance, animal manure and crop residues are present in great quantity. A particular use of earthworms for VC is a valuable method for retrieving essential plant nutrients. Experimental vermicomposting followed by monitoring was conducted for two months in summer with an interval of fifteen days. Four treatments, COM (compost without earthworms), VCM (using cow manure), VPM (through pig manure), and VBC (using biochar), were applied with agricultural wastes such as rapeseed and wheat straw in combination with cow dung, pig manure, and biochar, respectively. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to statistically analyze and interpret the nutrient change among different treatments. Post hoc analysis was done using Tukey’s test. The experimental vermicomposting results revealed that VCM gives increased plant nutrients with a minimum C: N ratio (from 22.13 to 14.38) and a maximum increase in nitrogen concentrations (1.77 to 29.15 g kg−1). A significant decrease in ammonia volatilization was observed in the order VCM > VBC > VPM when compared to COM. It was experimentally established that vermicomposting is the most suitable method for converting organic waste into nutrient-rich fertilizer with the least environmental pollution load.
Syed Turab Raza; Bo Zhu; Jia Liang Tang; Zulfiqar Ali; Raheel Anjum; Hamidou Bah; Hassan Iqbal; Xiao Ren; Rida Ahmad. Nutrients Recovery during Vermicomposting of Cow Dung, Pig Manure, and Biochar for Agricultural Sustainability with Gases Emissions. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 8956 .
AMA StyleSyed Turab Raza, Bo Zhu, Jia Liang Tang, Zulfiqar Ali, Raheel Anjum, Hamidou Bah, Hassan Iqbal, Xiao Ren, Rida Ahmad. Nutrients Recovery during Vermicomposting of Cow Dung, Pig Manure, and Biochar for Agricultural Sustainability with Gases Emissions. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (24):8956.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSyed Turab Raza; Bo Zhu; Jia Liang Tang; Zulfiqar Ali; Raheel Anjum; Hamidou Bah; Hassan Iqbal; Xiao Ren; Rida Ahmad. 2020. "Nutrients Recovery during Vermicomposting of Cow Dung, Pig Manure, and Biochar for Agricultural Sustainability with Gases Emissions." Applied Sciences 10, no. 24: 8956.
Soil nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions are influenced by land use adjustment and management practices. To meet the increasing socioeconomic development and sustainable demands for food supply, forestland conversion to cropland occurs around the world. However, the effects of forestland conversion to cropland as well as of tillage and fertilization practices on soil N2O emissions are still not well understood, especially in subtropical regions. Therefore, field experiments were carried out to continuously monitor soil N2O emissions after the conversion of forestland to cropland in a subtropical region in Southwest China. One forestland site and four cropland sites were selected: forestland (CK), short-term croplands (tillage with and without fertilization, NC-TF and NC-T), and long-term croplands (tillage with and without fertilization, LC-TF and LC-T). The annual cumulative N2O flux was 0.21 kg N ha−1 yr−1 in forestland. After forestland conversion to cropland, the annual cumulative N2O flux significantly increased by 76‒491%. In the short-term and long-term croplands, tillage with fertilization induced cumulative soil N2O emissions that were 94% and 235% higher than those from tillage without fertilization. Fertilization contributed 63% and 84% to increased N2O emissions in the short-term and long-term croplands, respectively. A stepwise regression analysis showed that soil N2O emissions from croplands were mainly influenced by soil NO3− and NH4+ availability and WFPS (water-filled pore space). Fertilization led to higher soil NH4+ and NO3− concentrations, which thus resulted in larger N2O fluxes. Thus, to reduce soil N2O emissions and promote the sustainable development of the eco-environment, we recommend limiting the conversion of forestland to cropland, and meanwhile intensifying the shift from grain to green or applying advanced agricultural management practices as much as possible.
Xiao Ren; Bo Zhu; Hamidou Bah; Syed Raza. How Tillage and Fertilization Influence Soil N2O Emissions after Forestland Conversion to Cropland. Sustainability 2020, 12, 7947 .
AMA StyleXiao Ren, Bo Zhu, Hamidou Bah, Syed Raza. How Tillage and Fertilization Influence Soil N2O Emissions after Forestland Conversion to Cropland. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (19):7947.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXiao Ren; Bo Zhu; Hamidou Bah; Syed Raza. 2020. "How Tillage and Fertilization Influence Soil N2O Emissions after Forestland Conversion to Cropland." Sustainability 12, no. 19: 7947.
Controlling nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) loss from hill slope cropland is crucial to mitigate agricultural non-point source (AGNPS) pollution in the upper Yangtze River basin. However, pathways and loadings of soil N and P loss and their responses to agricultural management practices are not well documented. We conducted a three-year field experiment using the free-drain lysimeters to evaluate the long-term effects of organic amendments on N and P loss from sloping cropland. The field experiment included five experimental treatments: mineral fertilizers (NPK) as a control, fresh pig slurry as organic manure only (OM), crop residues only (CR), organic manure combined with NPK (OMNPK), and crop residues combined with NPK (CRNPK). The results show that organic amendment applications decrease discharges of overland flow and interflow compared with NPK treatment. On average, annual total N (TN) loss loadings ranges from 8.3 to 27.6 kg N ha−1, with 1.1 to 5.2 kg N ha−1 of particulate N (PN), and 6.4 to 19.1 kg N ha-1 of nitrate N (NO3--N) loss loadings, respectively for the five treatments. Thus, PN and NO3--N losses accounts for 13–19 %, and 63–78 % of TN loss loadings, respectively across the five treatments. However, the average annual total P (TP) loss loadings ranges from 0.23 to 0.84 kg P ha−1, with 0.21 to 0.80 kg P ha-1 of particulate P (PP) for the five treatments. Moreover, PP loss accounts for 92–96 % of TP loss loadings across the five treatments. Compared to NPK treatment, organic amendment applications significantly decrease TN loss, by 85 % via overland flow and 117 % via interflow on average. Organic amendment applications also significantly decrease TP loss, by 162 % via overland flow and, by 90 % via interflow compared with NPK treatment on average. This study shows that the combination of mineral fertilizers and organic amendments of either manure or crop residues can mitigate hydrological N and P loss from slope croplands in the upper Yangtze River basin.
Hamidou Bah; Minghua Zhou; Xiao Ren; Lei Hu; Zhixing Dong; Bo Zhu. Effects of organic amendment applications on nitrogen and phosphorus losses from sloping cropland in the upper Yangtze River. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 2020, 302, 107086 .
AMA StyleHamidou Bah, Minghua Zhou, Xiao Ren, Lei Hu, Zhixing Dong, Bo Zhu. Effects of organic amendment applications on nitrogen and phosphorus losses from sloping cropland in the upper Yangtze River. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment. 2020; 302 ():107086.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHamidou Bah; Minghua Zhou; Xiao Ren; Lei Hu; Zhixing Dong; Bo Zhu. 2020. "Effects of organic amendment applications on nitrogen and phosphorus losses from sloping cropland in the upper Yangtze River." Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 302, no. : 107086.
Characterizing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and global warming potential (GWP) has become a key step in the estimation of atmospheric GHG concentrations and their potential mitigation by cropland management. However, the impacts of organic amendments on GHG, GWP, and yield-scaled GWP on cropland have not been well documented. Here, we investigate four amendment treatments (no amendment, mineral fertilizers, and pig slurry or crop residue combined with mineral fertilizers) during a two-year field experiment in rain-fed wheat-maize cropping systems. The results show that the average annual cumulative methane (CH4) flux ranged from −2.60 to −2.97 kg·C·ha−1 while nitrous oxide (N2O) flux ranged from 0.44 to 4.58 kg·N·ha−1 across all four treatments. N2O emissions were significantly correlated with soil inorganic nitrogen (i.e., NH4+-N and NO3−-N), and soil dissolved organic carbon (DOC) during both the winter wheat and summer maize seasons. On average, organic amendments combined with mineral fertilizers increased the annual GWP by 26–74% and yield-scaled GWP by 19–71% compared to those under only mineral fertilizers application. This study indicates that the fertilization strategy for Eutric Regosols can shift from only mineral fertilizers to organic amendments combined with mineral fertilizers, which can help mitigate GHG emissions and GWP while maintaining crop yields.
Hamidou Bah; Xiao Ren; Yanqiang Wang; Jialiang Tang; Bo Zhu. Characterizing Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Global Warming Potential of Wheat-Maize Cropping Systems in Response to Organic Amendments in Eutric Regosols, China. Atmosphere 2020, 11, 1 .
AMA StyleHamidou Bah, Xiao Ren, Yanqiang Wang, Jialiang Tang, Bo Zhu. Characterizing Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Global Warming Potential of Wheat-Maize Cropping Systems in Response to Organic Amendments in Eutric Regosols, China. Atmosphere. 2020; 11 (6):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHamidou Bah; Xiao Ren; Yanqiang Wang; Jialiang Tang; Bo Zhu. 2020. "Characterizing Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Global Warming Potential of Wheat-Maize Cropping Systems in Response to Organic Amendments in Eutric Regosols, China." Atmosphere 11, no. 6: 1.
The excessive exposure to high concentrations of fluoride in drinking water can lead to a serious disease called fluorosis. The upstream region of the Yongding River is an ecological protection area for Beijing. Some studies have reported that there is a high concentration of fluoride in the groundwater in this area. However, there are few data on the distribution of fluoride in surface water and health risk assessments in this area. In this study, the fluoride concentrations were determined by using the spectrophotometric method using data from 2013 to 2017 from 9 surface water quality monitoring stations in the upper reaches of the Yongding River. The health risks of fluoride were assessed using the approach developed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). The results indicated that the fluoride content in the drinking water ranged from 0.30 to 1.50 mg L−1, with an average of 0.86 mg L−1. In total, 22.7% of the analyzed samples exceeded the Chinese limit of 1.0 mg L−1 for fluoride, and 5.5% of samples had less than the permissible limit of 0.5 mg L−1. Higher fluoride concentrations and fluorosis hotspots were found to be predominately located downstream of the Yanghe River close to the Guanting Reservoir, where 71.4% of samples exceeded the limit of 1.0 mg/L−1. The spatial distribution of high fluoride concentrations was found to be primarily determined by industry. The hazard quotient (HQ) index for children, teenagers and adults indicated that 19.6%, 15.6%, and 5.1% of the samples in the upper reaches of the Yongding River, respectively, posed health hazards to the associated groups. Furthermore, the HQ index more than 1 for children, teenagers and adults had values of 64.3%, 56.1%, and 19.4%, respectively, in samples from the downstream region of the Yanghe River. Therefore, there are potential risks of dental and skeletal fluorosis in the upper river reaches of the Yongding River. It is imperative to take measures to reduce the fluoride pollution in surface water and control fluorosis. Action should be taken to improve the disposal of industrial waste.
Tao Wang; Zhijiang Shao; Hui Yu; Hamidou Bah. Distribution of fluoride in surface water and a health risk assessment in the upper reaches of the Yongding River. Journal of Geographical Sciences 2020, 30, 908 -920.
AMA StyleTao Wang, Zhijiang Shao, Hui Yu, Hamidou Bah. Distribution of fluoride in surface water and a health risk assessment in the upper reaches of the Yongding River. Journal of Geographical Sciences. 2020; 30 (6):908-920.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTao Wang; Zhijiang Shao; Hui Yu; Hamidou Bah. 2020. "Distribution of fluoride in surface water and a health risk assessment in the upper reaches of the Yongding River." Journal of Geographical Sciences 30, no. 6: 908-920.
With an increasing interest in closing the nutrient loop in agroecosystems, organic amendments are highly recommended as a reliable resource for soil nutrient recycling. However, from a carbon sequestration perspective, not much has been reported on the contribution of different organic amendments to soil organic carbon (SOC), crop carbon (C) uptake, and soil carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in wheat-maize cropping systems of sloppy upland soil. To fill the knowledge gap, a two-year lysimeter-field plots experiment was conducted in a sloppy upland purplish soil under wheat-maize cropping systems. The experiments were arranged in a complete random block design with five treatment plots, namely; fresh pig slurry as organic manure (OM), crop residues (CR), conventional mineral fertilizers (NPK) as the control, organic manure plus mineral fertilizers (OMNPK), and crop residues plus mineral fertilizers (CRNPK). Our results showed the leaf photosynthesis rate was not significantly increased by organic amendment application treatments compared to NPK treatment, and was within a range of 4.8 to 45.3 µmol m−2 s−1 for the wheat season and −20.1 to 40.4 µmol m−2 s−1 for the maize season across the five treatments and the measured growth stages. The soil CO2 emissions for the maize season (in the range of 203 to 362 g C m−2) were higher than for the wheat season (in the range of 118 to 252 g C m−2) on average across the different experimental treatments over the two-year experiment. The organic amendment application increased annual cumulative CO2 emissions from 30% to 51% compared to NPK treatment. Over the two years, the average crop C uptake ranged from 174 to 378 g C m−2 and from 287 to 488 g C m−2 for the wheat and maize seasons, respectively, and the organic amendment application increased the crop C uptake by 4% to 23% compared to NPK treatment. In the organic amendment treatments, the C balance ranged from −160 to 460 g C m−2 and from −301 to 334 g C m−2 for the wheat and the maize seasons, respectively, which were greater than those in the NPK treatment. Overall, the present study results suggest incorporation of organic amendments could be an effective strategy for increasing C sequestration and sustaining crop productivity in sloppy upland soil.
Hamidou Bah; Minghua Zhou; Simon Kizito; Ren Xiao; Syed Turab Raza; Zhixin Dong; Bo Zhu. Carbon Balance under Organic Amendments in the Wheat-Maize Cropping Systems of Sloppy Upland Soil. Sustainability 2020, 12, 2747 .
AMA StyleHamidou Bah, Minghua Zhou, Simon Kizito, Ren Xiao, Syed Turab Raza, Zhixin Dong, Bo Zhu. Carbon Balance under Organic Amendments in the Wheat-Maize Cropping Systems of Sloppy Upland Soil. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (7):2747.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHamidou Bah; Minghua Zhou; Simon Kizito; Ren Xiao; Syed Turab Raza; Zhixin Dong; Bo Zhu. 2020. "Carbon Balance under Organic Amendments in the Wheat-Maize Cropping Systems of Sloppy Upland Soil." Sustainability 12, no. 7: 2747.
Recycling and value-added utilization of agricultural residues through combining technologies such as anaerobic digestion and pyrolysis could double the recoverable energy, close the nutrient recycle loop, and ensure cleaner agricultural production. This study assessed the beneficial application of biochar to soil to recycle digestate nutrients, improve soil quality, and reduce conventional chemical fertilizer. The addition of digestate-enriched biochar improved soil quality as it provided higher soil organic matter (232%–514%) and macronutrients (110%–230%) as opposed to the unenriched biochar and control treatments. Maize grown in soil amended with digestate-enriched biochar showed a significantly higher biomass yield compared to the control and non-enriched biochar treatments but was slightly lower than yields from chemical fertilizer treatments. The slightly lower yield (20%–25%) achieved from digestate-enriched biochar was attributed to slower mineralization and release of the adsorbed nutrients in the short term. However, digestate-enriched biochar could in the long term become more beneficial in sustaining soil fertility through maintaining high soil organic matter and the gradual release of micronutrients compared to conventional chemical fertilizer. Positive effects on soil micronutrients, macronutrients, organic matter, and biomass yield indicates that enriched biochar could partly replace chemical fertilizers and promote organic farming in a circular economy concept.
Simon Kizito; Hongzhen Luo; Jiaxin Lu; Hamidou Bah; Renjie Dong; Shubiao Wu. Role of Nutrient-Enriched Biochar as a Soil Amendment during Maize Growth: Exploring Practical Alternatives to Recycle Agricultural Residuals and to Reduce Chemical Fertilizer Demand. Sustainability 2019, 11, 3211 .
AMA StyleSimon Kizito, Hongzhen Luo, Jiaxin Lu, Hamidou Bah, Renjie Dong, Shubiao Wu. Role of Nutrient-Enriched Biochar as a Soil Amendment during Maize Growth: Exploring Practical Alternatives to Recycle Agricultural Residuals and to Reduce Chemical Fertilizer Demand. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (11):3211.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSimon Kizito; Hongzhen Luo; Jiaxin Lu; Hamidou Bah; Renjie Dong; Shubiao Wu. 2019. "Role of Nutrient-Enriched Biochar as a Soil Amendment during Maize Growth: Exploring Practical Alternatives to Recycle Agricultural Residuals and to Reduce Chemical Fertilizer Demand." Sustainability 11, no. 11: 3211.
The mesophilic anaerobic digestion (AD) characteristics of food waste (FW) with different crude fat (CF) contents and four initial substrate concentrations (4, 6, 8, and 10gVS/L) were investigated. The maximum methane yields of FW with CF contents of 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, and 35% were 565.0, 580.2, 606.0, 630.2 and 573.0mLCH/gVS, respectively. An acidification trend with a drop in pH (0.4) were found for CF contents of 30% (10gVS/L) and 35% (8 and 10gVS/L). A 35% CF content in FW led to decrease in the first-order degradation constant of approximately by 40%. The modified Gompertz model showed that the lag phase (λ) was prolonged from 0.4 to 7.1days when the CF content in FW and initial substrate concentration were increased to 35% and 10gVS/L.
Wanqin Zhang; Qianqian Lang; Ming Fang; Xin Li; Hamidou Bah; Hongmin Dong; Renjie Dong. Combined effect of crude fat content and initial substrate concentration on batch anaerobic digestion characteristics of food waste. Bioresource Technology 2017, 232, 304 -312.
AMA StyleWanqin Zhang, Qianqian Lang, Ming Fang, Xin Li, Hamidou Bah, Hongmin Dong, Renjie Dong. Combined effect of crude fat content and initial substrate concentration on batch anaerobic digestion characteristics of food waste. Bioresource Technology. 2017; 232 ():304-312.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWanqin Zhang; Qianqian Lang; Ming Fang; Xin Li; Hamidou Bah; Hongmin Dong; Renjie Dong. 2017. "Combined effect of crude fat content and initial substrate concentration on batch anaerobic digestion characteristics of food waste." Bioresource Technology 232, no. : 304-312.
Due to its high adsorption capacity, the use of biochar to capture excess nutrients from wastewater has become a central focus in environmental remediation studies. In this study, its potential use in adsorption and removal of ammonium in piggery manure anaerobic digestate slurry was investigated. The adsorbed amount of NH4(+)-N (mg·g(-1)) and removal percentage as a function of adsorbent mass in solution, adsorbent particle size, NH4(+)-N concentration in the effluent, contact time, pH and temperature were quantified in batch equilibrium and kinetics experiments. The maximum NH4(+)-N adsorption from slurry at 1400 mgN·L(-1) was 44.64 ± 0.602 mg·g(-1) and 39.8 ± 0.54 mg·g(-1) for wood and rice husk biochar, respectively. For both biochars, adsorption increased with increase in contact time, temperature, pH and NH4(+)-N concentration but it decreased with increase in biochar particle size. Furthermore, the sorption process was endothermic and followed Langmuir (R(2)=0.995 and 0.998) and Pseudo-second order kinetic models (R(2)=0.998 and 0.999). Based on the removal amounts, we concluded that rice husk and wood biochar have potential to adsorb NH4(+)-N from piggery manure anaerobic digestate slurry, and thus can be used as nutrient filters prior to discharge into water streams.
Simon Kizito; Shubiao Wu; W. Kipkemoi Kirui; Ming Lei; Qimin Lu; Hamidou Bah; Renjie Dong. Evaluation of slow pyrolyzed wood and rice husks biochar for adsorption of ammonium nitrogen from piggery manure anaerobic digestate slurry. Science of The Total Environment 2015, 505, 102 -112.
AMA StyleSimon Kizito, Shubiao Wu, W. Kipkemoi Kirui, Ming Lei, Qimin Lu, Hamidou Bah, Renjie Dong. Evaluation of slow pyrolyzed wood and rice husks biochar for adsorption of ammonium nitrogen from piggery manure anaerobic digestate slurry. Science of The Total Environment. 2015; 505 ():102-112.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSimon Kizito; Shubiao Wu; W. Kipkemoi Kirui; Ming Lei; Qimin Lu; Hamidou Bah; Renjie Dong. 2015. "Evaluation of slow pyrolyzed wood and rice husks biochar for adsorption of ammonium nitrogen from piggery manure anaerobic digestate slurry." Science of The Total Environment 505, no. : 102-112.
Palm pressed fiber (PPF) and cattle manure (CM) are the waste which can be managed properly by anaerobic co-digestion. The biogas production in co-digested PPF and CM at three volatile solids (VS) ratios of 3:1, 1:1, and 1:3 was investigated in a series of batch experiments at an organic loading rate of 30.0 g VS/L under mesophilic (37±1°C) conditions. The highest daily biogas yield of PPF and CM only, was 90.0 mL/g VS(added) at day 12 and 23.4 mL/g VS(added) at day 7. For co-digestion of PPF/CM at mixing ratios of 3:1, 1:1 and 1:3, there were 93.6 mL/g VS(added) at day 11, 86.8 and 26.4 mL/g VS(added) at day 8. VS removal rate for PPF, CM, and co-digestion at mixing ratio of 3:1, 1:1, and 1:3 were 91.1%, 86.0% and 71.0%, respectively. The anaerobic digestion of PPF and CM and their co-digestion systems were stable in operation with low range of volatile fatty acids (VFA)/TIC (total inorganic carbon) of (0.035-0.091). The main volatile fatty acids were propionic, and iso-butyric acids for PPF, iso-butyric and n-butyric acids for CM. The VFAs and ammonium inhibition were not occurred. The modified Gompertz model can be used to perform a better prediction with a lower difference between the measured and predicted biogas yields. A VS ratio of 3:1 is recommended for practice.
Hamidou Bah; Wanqin Zhang; Shubiao Wu; Dandan Qi; Simon Kizito; Renjie Dong. Evaluation of batch anaerobic co-digestion of palm pressed fiber and cattle manure under mesophilic conditions. Waste Management 2014, 34, 1984 -1991.
AMA StyleHamidou Bah, Wanqin Zhang, Shubiao Wu, Dandan Qi, Simon Kizito, Renjie Dong. Evaluation of batch anaerobic co-digestion of palm pressed fiber and cattle manure under mesophilic conditions. Waste Management. 2014; 34 (11):1984-1991.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHamidou Bah; Wanqin Zhang; Shubiao Wu; Dandan Qi; Simon Kizito; Renjie Dong. 2014. "Evaluation of batch anaerobic co-digestion of palm pressed fiber and cattle manure under mesophilic conditions." Waste Management 34, no. 11: 1984-1991.
The characteristics of anaerobic digestion of pig manure from different growth stages were investigated. According to growth stage, batch experiments were performed using gestating sow manure (GSM), swine nursery with post-weaned piglet manure (SNM), growing fattening manure (GFM) and mixed manure (MM) as substrates at four substrate concentrations (40, 50, 65 and 80gVS/L) under mesophilic conditions. The maximum methane yields of MM, SNM, GSM and GFM were 354.7, 328.7, 282.4 and 263.5mLCH4/gVSadded, respectively. Volatile fatty acids/total inorganic carbon (VFA/TIC) ratio increased from 0.10 to 0.89 when loading increased from 40 to 80gVS/L for GFM. The modified Gompertz model shows a better fit to the experimental results than the first order model with a lower difference between measured and predicted methane yields. The kinetic parameters indicated that the methane production curve on the basis of differences in biodegradability of the pig manure at different growth stages.
Wanqin Zhang; Qianqian Lang; Shubiao Wu; Wei Li; Hamidou Bah; Renjie Dong. Anaerobic digestion characteristics of pig manures depending on various growth stages and initial substrate concentrations in a scaled pig farm in Southern China. Bioresource Technology 2014, 156, 63 -69.
AMA StyleWanqin Zhang, Qianqian Lang, Shubiao Wu, Wei Li, Hamidou Bah, Renjie Dong. Anaerobic digestion characteristics of pig manures depending on various growth stages and initial substrate concentrations in a scaled pig farm in Southern China. Bioresource Technology. 2014; 156 ():63-69.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWanqin Zhang; Qianqian Lang; Shubiao Wu; Wei Li; Hamidou Bah; Renjie Dong. 2014. "Anaerobic digestion characteristics of pig manures depending on various growth stages and initial substrate concentrations in a scaled pig farm in Southern China." Bioresource Technology 156, no. : 63-69.