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Using data on greenfield investment in German districts from 2003 to 2010, we examine how regional development policies affect the decision of multinational corporations to locate facilities in Germany. We are interested in whether regional development policies accumulate to increase the attractiveness of a region and whether some policies are necessary to attract foreign investors. Applying count data models and geographic weighted regression, the results indicate that, on average, regional development policies increase the attractiveness of German districts for multinational firms. We find that place-based policies have the strongest effect on investments in the East German lagging regions. However, policies predominantly attract standardised types of investments that require considerable capital investments but not specialised location advantages.
Martijn Burger; Jelmer Schalk; Daniel Schiller; Spyridon Stavropoulos. Regional Policy and Greenfield Investments in German Districts. Urban Science 2021, 5, 51 .
AMA StyleMartijn Burger, Jelmer Schalk, Daniel Schiller, Spyridon Stavropoulos. Regional Policy and Greenfield Investments in German Districts. Urban Science. 2021; 5 (3):51.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMartijn Burger; Jelmer Schalk; Daniel Schiller; Spyridon Stavropoulos. 2021. "Regional Policy and Greenfield Investments in German Districts." Urban Science 5, no. 3: 51.
In this manuscript, we relate regional structural composition—related and unrelated variety—to firm-level productivity in European regions, applying a Cobb–Douglas production function framework and using firm-, industry- and regional-level mixed hierarchical (multilevel) models. Our analyses indicate that regional-related variety has a positive impact on firm productivity in European regions, especially for firms in high-tech and medium-tech regions. These outcomes have implications for European policies on competitiveness as firms embedded in regions without these technological and institutional circumstances are systematically worse off in terms of productivity, and catching-up is not obvious for such regional economies.
Spyridon Stavropoulos; F. G. Van Oort; M. J. Burger. Heterogeneous relatedness and firm productivity. The Annals of Regional Science 2020, 65, 403 -437.
AMA StyleSpyridon Stavropoulos, F. G. Van Oort, M. J. Burger. Heterogeneous relatedness and firm productivity. The Annals of Regional Science. 2020; 65 (2):403-437.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSpyridon Stavropoulos; F. G. Van Oort; M. J. Burger. 2020. "Heterogeneous relatedness and firm productivity." The Annals of Regional Science 65, no. 2: 403-437.
This paper examines the association between circular strategies imposed by European cities on the attraction of greenfield foreign direct investment (FDI) and the creation of circular gross employment through greenfield FDI. We utilize a recently developed database of circular strategies employed by local authorities in 43 European cities with information on greenfield FDI in these cities and other city characteristics for the years 2016–2017. We find that urban circular policies are positively and significantly associated with the attraction of greenfield FDI–generated employment, where the effect is stronger for regulatory and economic instruments compared to soft instruments.
Spyridon Stavropoulos; Martijn J. Burger; Joke Dufourmont. Urban Circular Policies and Employment through Greenfield FDI. Sustainability 2020, 12, 1458 .
AMA StyleSpyridon Stavropoulos, Martijn J. Burger, Joke Dufourmont. Urban Circular Policies and Employment through Greenfield FDI. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (4):1458.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSpyridon Stavropoulos; Martijn J. Burger; Joke Dufourmont. 2020. "Urban Circular Policies and Employment through Greenfield FDI." Sustainability 12, no. 4: 1458.
By conducting a meta-analysis of the empirical literature on the net employment effects of renewable energy, we explore the extent to which the reported net employment effects are driven by the applied methodology. We find that the reported conclusions on net employment effects are to a large extent driven by the methodology that is applied, where computable general equilibrium (CGE) and I/O methods that include induced effects and studies that consider only the near future in their study period (up to 2020) are generally less optimistic about net employment creation in the wake of the energy transition. In addition, we found that policy reports have a greater tendency to report a positive net employment effect than academic studies.
S. Stavropoulos; M.J. Burger. Modelling strategy and net employment effects of renewable energy and energy efficiency: A meta-regression. Energy Policy 2019, 136, 111047 .
AMA StyleS. Stavropoulos, M.J. Burger. Modelling strategy and net employment effects of renewable energy and energy efficiency: A meta-regression. Energy Policy. 2019; 136 ():111047.
Chicago/Turabian StyleS. Stavropoulos; M.J. Burger. 2019. "Modelling strategy and net employment effects of renewable energy and energy efficiency: A meta-regression." Energy Policy 136, no. : 111047.
How can we explain why some regions experienced large decreases in subjective well-being during the 2008 recession, while in other regions, the changes were only very modest? Building on the literature on resilience in subjective well-being during periods of crisis, this article explores a related but undervalued factor that moderates the localized relationship between macroeconomic developments and life evaluation: regional quality of governance. We use individual-level data on life satisfaction and personal information taken from Eurobarometer for 89 European regions in the EU-28 for the period of 2005–2014, combined with macroeconomic variables and regional quality of governance data to test for the hypothesized moderating effect of quality of governance. The results demonstrate that increased regional unemployment and financial stress have a less aggravating effect on subjective well-being in regions characterized by a high quality of governance. These results support the capacity of quality of governance to buffer the negative effects of adverse macroeconomic conditions, most likely through generating trust and providing a safety net.
Efstratia Arampatzi; Martijn J. Burger; Spyridon Stavropoulos; Frank G. Van Oort. Subjective Well-Being and the 2008 Recession in European Regions: The Moderating Role of Quality of Governance. International Journal of Community Well-Being 2019, 2, 111 -133.
AMA StyleEfstratia Arampatzi, Martijn J. Burger, Spyridon Stavropoulos, Frank G. Van Oort. Subjective Well-Being and the 2008 Recession in European Regions: The Moderating Role of Quality of Governance. International Journal of Community Well-Being. 2019; 2 (2):111-133.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEfstratia Arampatzi; Martijn J. Burger; Spyridon Stavropoulos; Frank G. Van Oort. 2019. "Subjective Well-Being and the 2008 Recession in European Regions: The Moderating Role of Quality of Governance." International Journal of Community Well-Being 2, no. 2: 111-133.
Can positive expectations help foster resiliency against adversity? In this study, we used high-frequency panel data, to examine how positive as compared to neutral and negative expectations can buffer the negative impact on subjective well-being generated by an adverse event, the announcement of the Greek bailout referendum in July 2015. Results show that individuals with more positive expectations for the future before the referendum announcement experienced smaller decreases in subjective well-being and adapted quicker to this adverse event. In addition, we found evidence that individuals who shifted from positive to negative expectations before and during the adverse event, respectively, had significantly lower subjective well-being than individuals who had consistent positive expectations. This finding supports the view that optimism, or consistent positive expectations, and even positive mindsets, as indicated by lacks of shifts to negativity, can be a source of resilience that helps individuals cope and adapt quicker to adverse events.
Efstratia Arampatzi; Martijn Burger; Spyridon Stavropoulos; Louis Tay. The Role of Positive Expectations for Resilience to Adverse Events: Subjective Well-Being Before, During and After the Greek Bailout Referendum. Journal of Happiness Studies 2019, 21, 965 -995.
AMA StyleEfstratia Arampatzi, Martijn Burger, Spyridon Stavropoulos, Louis Tay. The Role of Positive Expectations for Resilience to Adverse Events: Subjective Well-Being Before, During and After the Greek Bailout Referendum. Journal of Happiness Studies. 2019; 21 (3):965-995.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEfstratia Arampatzi; Martijn Burger; Spyridon Stavropoulos; Louis Tay. 2019. "The Role of Positive Expectations for Resilience to Adverse Events: Subjective Well-Being Before, During and After the Greek Bailout Referendum." Journal of Happiness Studies 21, no. 3: 965-995.
This paper examines the opportunities and risks of employment, skills and education that are related to a circular economy (CE) in the United States. Combining occupational skills and education data with a newly introduced definition of CE employment, we compare circular- and non-circular-oriented occupations in terms of skills and abilities. Building on the seminal paper by Consoli et al. (2016) and looking at all occupations within a broad range of CE-related industries, we detect and address heterogeneity in job requirements within the CE. We distinguish core activities within CE employment – focusing on renewable energy, repair, re-use of materials and the sharing economy – from enabling activities, which are focused on management, design, and ICT-applicability of the CE. While core CE-activities generally require more manual and technological skills, enabling activities, in contrast, require more complex cognitive skills. Neither core nor enabling CE sectors, however, are entirely cohesive in terms of skill requirements. Part of the education and skills demand is identifiably driven by ‘circularity’, particularly with regard to technical skills for the core of the CE. This may require specific education and training programs for future development of the CE.
Martijn Burger; Spyridon Stavropoulos; Shyaam Ramkumar; Joke Dufourmont; Frank van Oort. The heterogeneous skill-base of circular economy employment. Research Policy 2018, 48, 248 -261.
AMA StyleMartijn Burger, Spyridon Stavropoulos, Shyaam Ramkumar, Joke Dufourmont, Frank van Oort. The heterogeneous skill-base of circular economy employment. Research Policy. 2018; 48 (1):248-261.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMartijn Burger; Spyridon Stavropoulos; Shyaam Ramkumar; Joke Dufourmont; Frank van Oort. 2018. "The heterogeneous skill-base of circular economy employment." Research Policy 48, no. 1: 248-261.
Reducing GHG emissions and mitigating climate change would require significant investments in renewable energy technologies. Foreign direct investments (FDI) in renewable energy (RE) have increased over the last years, contributing to the diffusion of RE globally. In the field of climate policy, there are multiple policy instruments aimed at attracting investments in renewable energy. This article aims to map the FDI flows globally including source and destination countries. Furthermore, the article investigates which policy instruments attract more FDI in RE sectors such as solar, wind and biomass, based on an econometric analysis of 137 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and non-OECD countries. The results show that Feed in Tariffs (FIT) followed by Fiscal Measures (FM), such as tax incentives and Renewable Portfolio Standards (RPS), are the most significant policy instrument that attract FDI in the RE sector globally. Regarding carbon pricing instruments, based on our analysis, carbon tax proved to be correlated with high attraction of FDI in OECD countries, whereas Emissions Trading Schemes (ETS) proved to be correlated with high attraction of FDI mainly in non-OECD countries. Key policy insights
Ronald Wall; Stelios Grafakos; Alberto Gianoli; Spyridon Stavropoulos. Which policy instruments attract foreign direct investments in renewable energy? Climate Policy 2018, 19, 59 -72.
AMA StyleRonald Wall, Stelios Grafakos, Alberto Gianoli, Spyridon Stavropoulos. Which policy instruments attract foreign direct investments in renewable energy? Climate Policy. 2018; 19 (1):59-72.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRonald Wall; Stelios Grafakos; Alberto Gianoli; Spyridon Stavropoulos. 2018. "Which policy instruments attract foreign direct investments in renewable energy?" Climate Policy 19, no. 1: 59-72.
Economic activities are closely related to real-world environmental issues. Currently, more attention is paid to the association between environmental regulations and industrial competitiveness (IC) because of pressures on economic development and environmental protection. In this study, we identify and explain the association between environmental regulations and IC in China. As the largest developing country in the world, China has the unavoidable responsibility of protecting the environment and promoting global economic development. We analyse the mechanisms behind environmental regulations and industrial competiveness at the provincial level and conclude that the impact of environmental regulations upon IC is not a simple linear one, but a U-shaped relationship. It is argued that the crucial intervention to activate the U-shaped relationship, or Porter’s Hypothesis, is innovation, which can be triggered by stringent regulations and well-designed policies.
Spyridon Stavropoulos; Ronald Wall; Yuanze Xu. Environmental regulations and industrial competitiveness: evidence from China. Applied Economics 2017, 50, 1378 -1394.
AMA StyleSpyridon Stavropoulos, Ronald Wall, Yuanze Xu. Environmental regulations and industrial competitiveness: evidence from China. Applied Economics. 2017; 50 (12):1378-1394.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSpyridon Stavropoulos; Ronald Wall; Yuanze Xu. 2017. "Environmental regulations and industrial competitiveness: evidence from China." Applied Economics 50, no. 12: 1378-1394.
Qianyu Zhao; Hang Xu; Ronald S Wall; Spyridon Stavropoulos. Building a bridge between port and city: Improving the urban competitiveness of port cities. Journal of Transport Geography 2017, 59, 120 -133.
AMA StyleQianyu Zhao, Hang Xu, Ronald S Wall, Spyridon Stavropoulos. Building a bridge between port and city: Improving the urban competitiveness of port cities. Journal of Transport Geography. 2017; 59 ():120-133.
Chicago/Turabian StyleQianyu Zhao; Hang Xu; Ronald S Wall; Spyridon Stavropoulos. 2017. "Building a bridge between port and city: Improving the urban competitiveness of port cities." Journal of Transport Geography 59, no. : 120-133.
A substantiated definition of smart cities is urgently required. In this note, we explore the crossover between smart city and world city network literature. We argue that this crossover can contribute to the theoretical and empirical development of smart city literature. The results show that indeed, besides territorial measures, network measures, e.g. indegree and inward distance, are important in explaining the smartness of cities. Based on this, we recommend that smart cities include city network characteristics in future planning.
R. S. Wall; Spyridon Stavropoulos. Smart cities within world city networks. Applied Economics Letters 2015, 23, 1 -5.
AMA StyleR. S. Wall, Spyridon Stavropoulos. Smart cities within world city networks. Applied Economics Letters. 2015; 23 (12):1-5.
Chicago/Turabian StyleR. S. Wall; Spyridon Stavropoulos. 2015. "Smart cities within world city networks." Applied Economics Letters 23, no. 12: 1-5.
A central question in strategic management is why some firms perform better than others. One approach to addressing this question empirically is to decompose the variance in firm-level profitability into firm, industry, location, and year components. Although it is well established that data sparseness in variance decomposition studies can lead to overestimating particular variance components, little attention has been paid to sample size requirements in strategic management studies that have examined the nature of differences in firm profitability. We conduct a meta-regression and variance decomposition study and conclude that the variation in the results from previous studies is driven—to a considerable extent—by the number of observations per group within a component. Based on these findings, we draw conclusions regarding the validity and reliability of previous variance decomposition studies and provide implications for current debates in the strategic management literature.
Spyridon Stavropoulos; Martijn J. Burger; Dimitris Skuras. Data Sparseness and Variance in Accounting Profitability. Organizational Research Methods 2015, 18, 656 -678.
AMA StyleSpyridon Stavropoulos, Martijn J. Burger, Dimitris Skuras. Data Sparseness and Variance in Accounting Profitability. Organizational Research Methods. 2015; 18 (4):656-678.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSpyridon Stavropoulos; Martijn J. Burger; Dimitris Skuras. 2015. "Data Sparseness and Variance in Accounting Profitability." Organizational Research Methods 18, no. 4: 656-678.
Recent empirical research has questioned the ability of agglomeration economies to stimulate profitability and healthy financial performance in firms. We devise a cross‐sectional sample of approximately 410,000 firms that were active in all subsectors of the manufacturing industry and that were located across 191 NUTS 2 regions of 15 European Union member states in 2005. For each firm, we calculate two profitability indicators and a labour efficiency indicator. We find that the part of the variance of the profitability and labour efficiency indicators that is attributed to regions is very small. Furthermore, fitted multilevel models show that the quantitative effect of regional specialisation, despite being statistically significant, is very small. The results are robust across more refined geographical scales and subsectors. However, the NUTS 2 level remains the major spatial scale of the design and implementation of European Union regional policy. Our results benefit from the power and safety of a large sample and challenge conventional approaches to agglomeration research and cluster policy.
Spyridon Stavropoulos; Dimitris Skuras. Firm Profitability and Agglomeration Economies: An Elusive Relationship. Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie 2015, 107, 66 -80.
AMA StyleSpyridon Stavropoulos, Dimitris Skuras. Firm Profitability and Agglomeration Economies: An Elusive Relationship. Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie. 2015; 107 (1):66-80.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSpyridon Stavropoulos; Dimitris Skuras. 2015. "Firm Profitability and Agglomeration Economies: An Elusive Relationship." Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie 107, no. 1: 66-80.