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C. Palacios
Area of Animal Production, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain

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Journal article
Published: 25 August 2021 in Agronomy
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The capability of UAVs imagery to monitor and predict the evolution of several forage associations was assessed during the whole growing cycle of 2019–20. For this purpose, eight different forage associations grown in triplicate were used: vetch-barley-triticale (VBT), vetch-triticale (VT), vetch-rye (VR), vetch-oats (VO), pea-barley-triticale (PBT), pea-triticale (PT), pea-rye (PR) and pea-oats (PO). Six biophysical parameters were monitored through six vegetation indices on seven measurements dates distributed along the growing cycle. The experiments were carried out on the organic farm “Gallegos de Crespes” located in the municipality of Larrodrigo (Salamanca, Spain). The results obtained in the exploratory and the correlation analysis suggested that a predictive model (PLS regression) could be performed. Overall, vetch-based associations showed slightly higher values for both the field parameters and the vegetation indices than pea-based ones. Correlations were very strong and significant for each association throughout their growing cycle, suggesting that the evolution of the associations would be monitored from the spectral indices. Integrating these multispectral observations in the PLS model, the agronomic parameters of forage associations were predicted with a reliability of more than 50%. A single combination of VNIR (or even only visible) bands was able to feed the regression model, leading to a successful prediction of the agronomic parameters.

ACS Style

Javier Plaza; Marco Criado; Nilda Sánchez; Rodrigo Pérez-Sánchez; Carlos Palacios; Francisco Charfolé. UAV Multispectral Imaging Potential to Monitor and Predict Agronomic Characteristics of Different Forage Associations. Agronomy 2021, 11, 1697 .

AMA Style

Javier Plaza, Marco Criado, Nilda Sánchez, Rodrigo Pérez-Sánchez, Carlos Palacios, Francisco Charfolé. UAV Multispectral Imaging Potential to Monitor and Predict Agronomic Characteristics of Different Forage Associations. Agronomy. 2021; 11 (9):1697.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Javier Plaza; Marco Criado; Nilda Sánchez; Rodrigo Pérez-Sánchez; Carlos Palacios; Francisco Charfolé. 2021. "UAV Multispectral Imaging Potential to Monitor and Predict Agronomic Characteristics of Different Forage Associations." Agronomy 11, no. 9: 1697.

Journal article
Published: 16 May 2021 in Animals
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Currently, there are very few studies in the dairy sheep sector associating milk quality and indicators regarding carbon footprint and their link to grazing levels. For 1 year, monthly milk samples and records related to environmental emissions and management systems were collected through surveys from 17 dairy sheep farms in the region of Castilla y León (Spain), in order to relate this information to the use of natural pastures under free grazing. Indicators were constructed on the collected data and subjected to a multivariate statistical procedure that involved a factor analysis, a cluster analysis and a population canonical analysis. By applying multivariate statistical techniques on milk quality and carbon footprint indicators, it was possible to identify the management system of the farms. From an environmental point of view, farms with a higher grazing level (cluster 4) were more sustainable, as they had the lowest carbon footprint (lower CO2, N2O and CO2 equivalent emissions per sheep and year) and the lowest energy consumption levels, which were gradually lower than those of farms in cluster 3; both indicators were much lower than those of farms in clusters 1 and 2. The milk quality of cluster 1 and 2 farms was significantly lower in terms of total protein and fat content, dry extract, omega-3 fatty acid levels and α-tocopherol content than farms in clusters 3 and 4, which had higher accessibility to grazing resources. In sum, the higher the use of natural resources, the lower the external inputs the farms required and the lower environmental impact and energy costs they have.

ACS Style

Javier Plaza; Isabel Revilla; Jaime Nieto; Cristina Hidalgo; Mario Sánchez-García; Carlos Palacios. Milk Quality and Carbon Footprint Indicators of Dairy Sheep Farms Depend on Grazing Level and Identify the Different Management Systems. Animals 2021, 11, 1426 .

AMA Style

Javier Plaza, Isabel Revilla, Jaime Nieto, Cristina Hidalgo, Mario Sánchez-García, Carlos Palacios. Milk Quality and Carbon Footprint Indicators of Dairy Sheep Farms Depend on Grazing Level and Identify the Different Management Systems. Animals. 2021; 11 (5):1426.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Javier Plaza; Isabel Revilla; Jaime Nieto; Cristina Hidalgo; Mario Sánchez-García; Carlos Palacios. 2021. "Milk Quality and Carbon Footprint Indicators of Dairy Sheep Farms Depend on Grazing Level and Identify the Different Management Systems." Animals 11, no. 5: 1426.

Journal article
Published: 11 April 2021 in Animals
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A total of 160 1-day-old medium-growing male chicks (Gallus gallus domesticus) were raised for 120 days in a certified organic farming system. A total of two strains were studied (Coloryield, CY; RedBro, RB). Overall, two weather periods were considered based on the outdoor temperature, being S1 colder than S2. In total, 40 chicks per strain were assigned to each period (n = 80). Chickens were fed ad libitum with the same organic feeds. In the first month, chickens were kept indoors and, from day 30, they had access to the pasture. Slaughter live weight (LW), average daily gains, (ADG), the feed conversion ratio (FCR), and mortality rates did not differ between the two strains. LW was (p < 0.05) higher in the S1 and a trend (p = 0.084) was observed for ADG, which was higher in S1. No differences were found for feed intake, FCR, and mortality rates between weather periods. There were no differences for coefficient of variation (CV) between the strains studied, nevertheless, CV for LW in S2 was increased. Differences in the productive performance between these strains raised in organic production systems were slight. However, chickens raised in S1 had a better performance. It would be preferable to raise chickens in these weather conditions whenever possible.

ACS Style

Ainhoa Sarmiento-García; Isabel Revilla; José-Alfonso Abecia; Carlos Palacios. Performance Evaluation of Two Slow-Medium Growing Chicken Strains Maintained under Organic Production System during Different Seasons. Animals 2021, 11, 1090 .

AMA Style

Ainhoa Sarmiento-García, Isabel Revilla, José-Alfonso Abecia, Carlos Palacios. Performance Evaluation of Two Slow-Medium Growing Chicken Strains Maintained under Organic Production System during Different Seasons. Animals. 2021; 11 (4):1090.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ainhoa Sarmiento-García; Isabel Revilla; José-Alfonso Abecia; Carlos Palacios. 2021. "Performance Evaluation of Two Slow-Medium Growing Chicken Strains Maintained under Organic Production System during Different Seasons." Animals 11, no. 4: 1090.

Journal article
Published: 27 February 2021 in Animals
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This study investigated the influence of the production system (conventional vs. organic), the grass consumption level and the ageing period (7 and 14 days) on beef quality. Three groups of samples from Limousin × Avileña calves were analysed: F100, formed by animals fed 100% on forage; F74, formed by animals fed on an average amount of forage of 74%; and F35, formed by animals fed on straw fodder (35%) and concentrate (65%). The results showed that the higher the grass content, the lower the fat oxidation and the higher the n-3 content, but also the higher the SFA level, the initial Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF), and the more residue it leaves on chewing. As for the effect of production system, organic samples showed higher intramuscular fat content and lower moisture and MUFA content. These samples were darker and showed lower values for flavour quality. Among the organic samples, F100 had higher n-3 and CLA content and higher values for colour, hardness, odour and flavour quality. Increased ageing time may improve the sensory characteristics of the meat, especially in the case of the F100 samples. The results pointed out that F100 samples aged at least 14 days showed the best physico-chemical, nutritional and sensory characteristics.

ACS Style

Isabel Revilla; Javier Plaza; Carlos Palacios. The Effect of Grazing Level and Ageing Time on the Physicochemical and Sensory Characteristics of Beef Meat in Organic and Conventional Production. Animals 2021, 11, 635 .

AMA Style

Isabel Revilla, Javier Plaza, Carlos Palacios. The Effect of Grazing Level and Ageing Time on the Physicochemical and Sensory Characteristics of Beef Meat in Organic and Conventional Production. Animals. 2021; 11 (3):635.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Isabel Revilla; Javier Plaza; Carlos Palacios. 2021. "The Effect of Grazing Level and Ageing Time on the Physicochemical and Sensory Characteristics of Beef Meat in Organic and Conventional Production." Animals 11, no. 3: 635.

Research article
Published: 02 July 2020 in Biological Agriculture & Horticulture
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The sensory characteristics of suckling lamb meat from 40 animals of the Castellana and Churra breeds from both conventional and organic maternal rearing systems were evaluated by a trained panel and texture and colour properties were also assessed by instrumental methods. The fatty acid profile of the feeding milk and the suckling lamb meat was evaluated by gas chromatography. The results showed that meat samples from organic rearing systems had a higher intramuscular fat content than meat samples from the conventional systems, but lower concentrations of saturated fatty acids and higher concentrations of mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids, both PUFA n-3 and PUFA n-6. Moreover, the Castellana breed samples contained higher concentrations of monounsaturated fatty acids. As for the sensory characteristics, the appearance and the texture were the sensory attributes that were most affected by the rearing system and the breed.

ACS Style

I. Revilla; A.M. Vivar-Quintana; C. Palacios; Isabel Revilla Martín; Miriam Hernández-Jiménez. Effects of rearing system (organic and conventional) and breed (Churra and Castellana) on fatty acid composition and sensory characteristics of suckling lamb meat produced in north-west Spain. Biological Agriculture & Horticulture 2020, 37, 25 -39.

AMA Style

I. Revilla, A.M. Vivar-Quintana, C. Palacios, Isabel Revilla Martín, Miriam Hernández-Jiménez. Effects of rearing system (organic and conventional) and breed (Churra and Castellana) on fatty acid composition and sensory characteristics of suckling lamb meat produced in north-west Spain. Biological Agriculture & Horticulture. 2020; 37 (1):25-39.

Chicago/Turabian Style

I. Revilla; A.M. Vivar-Quintana; C. Palacios; Isabel Revilla Martín; Miriam Hernández-Jiménez. 2020. "Effects of rearing system (organic and conventional) and breed (Churra and Castellana) on fatty acid composition and sensory characteristics of suckling lamb meat produced in north-west Spain." Biological Agriculture & Horticulture 37, no. 1: 25-39.

Article
Published: 30 May 2020 in Organic Agriculture
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A total of 160 medium-growth male chicks were studied individually from the first day of their lives until slaughter (120 days). The chicks were classified according to the weather of the breeding period (P1 and P2). A total of 80 chickens were used for each breeding period (8 repetitions with a total of 10 chickens per group). The characteristics of the weather period were defined based on the information provided by the Agroclimatic Information System for Irrigation (SiAR); P1 period was colder than P2 period. All birds were given the same diet. After 120 days, the animals were taken to a certified slaughterhouse for organic meat where they were slaughtered. A total of 48 chicks (24 per period) were randomly selected, and subsequently, the breast (Pectoralis major) were extracted to perform the quality analysis. Chicks raised in the colder period (P1) had higher live weights and higher slaughter weights (P < 0.01). The front quarters were not affected (P > 0.05), the weight of the breast was higher in the chicks raised in the warmer period (P < 0.01). Regarding meat quality parameters, the moisture content was significantly lower (P < 0.05) for samples of warmer period but the pH (P < 0.01) and the redness value (a*) (P < 0.05) were higher, while the remainder of the parameters was not affected. It can be concluded that weather conditions in outdoor production systems do not have a direct effect on meat quality.

ACS Style

A. Sarmiento; C. Palacios; I. Revilla; A. M. Vivar-Quintana. The effect of climatic conditions on the quality of medium-growth chicken meat in organic production systems. Organic Agriculture 2020, 10, 109 -116.

AMA Style

A. Sarmiento, C. Palacios, I. Revilla, A. M. Vivar-Quintana. The effect of climatic conditions on the quality of medium-growth chicken meat in organic production systems. Organic Agriculture. 2020; 10 (S1):109-116.

Chicago/Turabian Style

A. Sarmiento; C. Palacios; I. Revilla; A. M. Vivar-Quintana. 2020. "The effect of climatic conditions on the quality of medium-growth chicken meat in organic production systems." Organic Agriculture 10, no. S1: 109-116.

Journal article
Published: 20 March 2020 in Animals
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The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of the grade of crossbreeding (Lacaune x Manchega) and environmental factors on milk production in a commercial flock in Spain. A total of 5769 milk production records of sheep with different degrees of purity of the Lacaune breed crossed with Manchega were used as follows: 100% Lacaune (n = 2960), 7/8 Lacaune (n = 502), 13/16 Lacaune (n = 306), 3/4 (n = 1288), 5/8 Lacaune (n = 441) and 1/2 Lacaune: Manchega (n = 272). Additional available information included the number of parity (1 to 8), litter size (single or multiple), and the season of the year of lambing (spring, summer, autumn and winter). A mixed model was used to evaluate the level of crossbreeding and environmental factors on milk production. The 100% Lacaune sheep presented the highest milk production with respect to the F1 Lacaune x Manchega sheep (p < 0.01), showing that as the degree of gene absorption increases with the Manchega breed, it presents lower milk yield. The 100%, 13/16, and 3/4 Lacaune genotypes had the highest milk yields with respect to the 1/2 Lacaune/Manchega breed (p < 0.001). The Lacaune registered on average 181.1 L in a period adjusted to 160 days of lactation (1.13 L/ day). Likewise, the parity number, litter size, and season of lambing effects showed significant differences (p < 0.01). It was concluded that 13/16 and 3/4 Lacaune/Manchega ewes presented the highest milk yields with respect to the other crosses.

ACS Style

Lizbeth E. Robles Jimenez; Juan C. Angeles Hernandez; Carlos Palacios; José A. Abecia; Anna Naranjo; Jorge Osorio Avalos; Manuel Gonzalez-Ronquillo. Milk Production of Lacaune Sheep with Different Degrees of Crossing with Manchega Sheep in a Commercial Flock in Spain. Animals 2020, 10, 520 .

AMA Style

Lizbeth E. Robles Jimenez, Juan C. Angeles Hernandez, Carlos Palacios, José A. Abecia, Anna Naranjo, Jorge Osorio Avalos, Manuel Gonzalez-Ronquillo. Milk Production of Lacaune Sheep with Different Degrees of Crossing with Manchega Sheep in a Commercial Flock in Spain. Animals. 2020; 10 (3):520.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lizbeth E. Robles Jimenez; Juan C. Angeles Hernandez; Carlos Palacios; José A. Abecia; Anna Naranjo; Jorge Osorio Avalos; Manuel Gonzalez-Ronquillo. 2020. "Milk Production of Lacaune Sheep with Different Degrees of Crossing with Manchega Sheep in a Commercial Flock in Spain." Animals 10, no. 3: 520.

Original report
Published: 09 May 2019 in Biological Rhythm Research
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Forty autumn-born ram-lambs were used to study the effect of several rearing strategies on their sexual activity and fertility at 8 months of age. The animals were assigned to one of the following four groups (n = 10): FA, which were exposed to 2 months of long days (15 January–15 March); SAR, which were housed with three Sexually Activated adult Rams from 15 March to 20 June; NAR, housed with three Nonactivated adult Rams, and Control (C), kept isolated from adult rams throughout the experiment. In mid-June, individual and group ram serving-capacity tests were performed. Mean plasma testosterone levels (ng/ml) throughout the experiment were higher (P < 0.001) in the C (4.4 ± 0.2) and SAR (4.3 ± 0.2) groups than in the FA (3.4 ± 0.2) and NSA (3.4 ± 0.2) groups. In the serving tests, control ram-lambs executed a higher total mean number of sexual events than the other groups (P < 0.05). Fertility rates of SAR- (90%) or C-mated ewes (100%) were higher (P < 0.01) than ewes mated by the FA (50%) and NAR (40%) ram-lambs. In conclusion, autumn-born ram-lambs reared in isolation from adult congeners had the highest sexual activity and fertility at 8 months of age, which suggests that no special rearing strategy is necessary to induce puberty in these rams.

ACS Style

José A. Abecia; Marianne Gave; Ana I. García; Adriana Casao; Melissa Carvajal Serna; Carlos Palacios; Matthieu Keller; Philippe Chemineau; José A. Delgadillo. Long days in winter or the presence of adult sexually active rams did not influence the timing of puberty of autumn-born Rasa Aragonesa ram-lambs. Biological Rhythm Research 2019, 52, 462 -473.

AMA Style

José A. Abecia, Marianne Gave, Ana I. García, Adriana Casao, Melissa Carvajal Serna, Carlos Palacios, Matthieu Keller, Philippe Chemineau, José A. Delgadillo. Long days in winter or the presence of adult sexually active rams did not influence the timing of puberty of autumn-born Rasa Aragonesa ram-lambs. Biological Rhythm Research. 2019; 52 (3):462-473.

Chicago/Turabian Style

José A. Abecia; Marianne Gave; Ana I. García; Adriana Casao; Melissa Carvajal Serna; Carlos Palacios; Matthieu Keller; Philippe Chemineau; José A. Delgadillo. 2019. "Long days in winter or the presence of adult sexually active rams did not influence the timing of puberty of autumn-born Rasa Aragonesa ram-lambs." Biological Rhythm Research 52, no. 3: 462-473.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2017 in Journal of Animal Behaviour and Biometeorology
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ACS Style

José Alfonso Abecia; Jara Máñez; Angel Macías; Adolfo Laviña; Carlos Palacios; Miguel Servet Instituto Universitario De Investigación En Ciencia Ambientales De Aragón (Iuca). Universidad De Zaragoza; Cabañera Real Asociación Nacional De Ganaderos De La Raza Rasa Aragonesa (Angra); Spain. Departamento De Construcción Y Agronomía. Facultad De Ciencias Agrarias Y Ambientales. Universidad De Salamanca. Climate zone influences the effect of temperature on the day of artificial insemination on fertility in two Iberian sheep breeds. Journal of Animal Behaviour and Biometeorology 2017, 5, 1 .

AMA Style

José Alfonso Abecia, Jara Máñez, Angel Macías, Adolfo Laviña, Carlos Palacios, Miguel Servet Instituto Universitario De Investigación En Ciencia Ambientales De Aragón (Iuca). Universidad De Zaragoza, Cabañera Real Asociación Nacional De Ganaderos De La Raza Rasa Aragonesa (Angra), Spain. Departamento De Construcción Y Agronomía. Facultad De Ciencias Agrarias Y Ambientales. Universidad De Salamanca. Climate zone influences the effect of temperature on the day of artificial insemination on fertility in two Iberian sheep breeds. Journal of Animal Behaviour and Biometeorology. 2017; 5 (4):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

José Alfonso Abecia; Jara Máñez; Angel Macías; Adolfo Laviña; Carlos Palacios; Miguel Servet Instituto Universitario De Investigación En Ciencia Ambientales De Aragón (Iuca). Universidad De Zaragoza; Cabañera Real Asociación Nacional De Ganaderos De La Raza Rasa Aragonesa (Angra); Spain. Departamento De Construcción Y Agronomía. Facultad De Ciencias Agrarias Y Ambientales. Universidad De Salamanca. 2017. "Climate zone influences the effect of temperature on the day of artificial insemination on fertility in two Iberian sheep breeds." Journal of Animal Behaviour and Biometeorology 5, no. 4: 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 April 2017 in Journal of Animal Behaviour and Biometeorology
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The Journal of Animal Behaviour and Biometeorology (ISSN 2318-1265) is a journal published quarterly by Center for Applied Animal Biometeorology (Brazil).

ACS Style

Jose Alfonso Abecia; Angel Garcia; Laura Castillo; Carlos Palacios. The effects of weather on milk production in dairy sheep vary by month of lambing and lactation phase. Journal of Animal Behaviour and Biometeorology 2017, 5, 1 .

AMA Style

Jose Alfonso Abecia, Angel Garcia, Laura Castillo, Carlos Palacios. The effects of weather on milk production in dairy sheep vary by month of lambing and lactation phase. Journal of Animal Behaviour and Biometeorology. 2017; 5 (2):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jose Alfonso Abecia; Angel Garcia; Laura Castillo; Carlos Palacios. 2017. "The effects of weather on milk production in dairy sheep vary by month of lambing and lactation phase." Journal of Animal Behaviour and Biometeorology 5, no. 2: 1.

Journal article
Published: 21 January 2017 in Veterinary Sciences
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This study was aimed to determine whether the presence of sexually stimulated rams by photoperiodic and melatonin treatments can advance the resumption of post-partum sexual activity in Mediterranean ewes lambing in January and weaned at the end of the breeding season at 41°N, in March. Rams were exposed to two months of long days (16 h light/day) and given three melatonin implants at the end of the long days (sexually-activated rams; SAR). Control rams (CR) were exposed to the natural photoperiod. Thirty-six ewes weaned on 25 February were assigned to one of two groups. From 1 March to 30 June, one group was housed with four SAR males (SAR-treated; n = 18), and the other group (CR-treated; n = 18) was housed with four unstimulated rams. Ovulation was assessed once per week based on plasma progesterone concentrations. Estrus was monitored daily by marks left on ewes by rams’ harnesses. SAR-treated ewes had a shorter (p < 0.01) weaning–first estrus interval than CR-treated ewes (61 ± 17 days vs. 102 ± 47 days; mean date of first estrus after weaning on April 26 and June 6, respectively). The proportion of the ewes ovulating in April or May was higher (p < 0.05) in the SAR-treated group than in the CR-treated group. SAR-treated ewes resumed estrous activity sooner than CR-treated ewes such that, in April, May, and June, the proportion of females that exhibited estrus was higher (p < 0.01) in the SAR-treated group (72%, 89%, and 100%, respectively) than in the CR-treated group (17%, 44%, and 61%, respectively). In conclusion, the introduction at weaning of sexually activated rams advanced the resumption of estrous activity in ewes in spring. The practical implications of this work could be important in ewes adapted for intensive production and accelerated lambing systems.

ACS Style

José A. Abecia; Philippe Chemineau; Andrea Gómez; Carlos Palacios; Matthieu Keller; José A. Delgadillo. Exposure to Photoperiod-Melatonin-Induced, Sexually-Activated Rams after Weaning Advances the Resumption of Sexual Activity in Post-Partum Mediterranean Ewes Lambing in January. Veterinary Sciences 2017, 4, 4 .

AMA Style

José A. Abecia, Philippe Chemineau, Andrea Gómez, Carlos Palacios, Matthieu Keller, José A. Delgadillo. Exposure to Photoperiod-Melatonin-Induced, Sexually-Activated Rams after Weaning Advances the Resumption of Sexual Activity in Post-Partum Mediterranean Ewes Lambing in January. Veterinary Sciences. 2017; 4 (1):4.

Chicago/Turabian Style

José A. Abecia; Philippe Chemineau; Andrea Gómez; Carlos Palacios; Matthieu Keller; José A. Delgadillo. 2017. "Exposure to Photoperiod-Melatonin-Induced, Sexually-Activated Rams after Weaning Advances the Resumption of Sexual Activity in Post-Partum Mediterranean Ewes Lambing in January." Veterinary Sciences 4, no. 1: 4.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2017 in Journal of Animal Behaviour and Biometeorology
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ACS Style

Jose Alfonso Abecia; Jara Máñez; Angel Macias; Adolfo Laviña; Carlos Palacios. Climate zone influences the effect of temperature on the day of artificial insemination on fertility in two Iberian sheep breeds. Journal of Animal Behaviour and Biometeorology 2017, 5, 1 .

AMA Style

Jose Alfonso Abecia, Jara Máñez, Angel Macias, Adolfo Laviña, Carlos Palacios. Climate zone influences the effect of temperature on the day of artificial insemination on fertility in two Iberian sheep breeds. Journal of Animal Behaviour and Biometeorology. 2017; 5 (4):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jose Alfonso Abecia; Jara Máñez; Angel Macias; Adolfo Laviña; Carlos Palacios. 2017. "Climate zone influences the effect of temperature on the day of artificial insemination on fertility in two Iberian sheep breeds." Journal of Animal Behaviour and Biometeorology 5, no. 4: 1.

Evaluation study
Published: 01 January 2017 in Food Chemistry
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The aim of the present work was to determine the fatty acid and fat-soluble vitamin composition and the season of ewe's milk production using NIR spectroscopy. 219 ewe's milk samples from different breeds and feeding regimes were taken each month over one year. Fatty acids were analyzed by gas chromatography, and retinol and α-, and γ-tocopherol by liquid chromatography. The results showed that the quantification was more accurate for the milk dried on paper, except for vitamins. Calibration statistical descriptors on milk dried on paper were good for capric, lauric, myristic, palmitoleic, stearic and oleic acids, and acceptable for caprilic, undecanoic, 9c, 11tCLA, ΣCLA, PUFA, ω3, ω6, retinol and α-tocopherol. The equations for the discrimination of seasonality was obtained using the partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLSDA) algorithm. 93% of winter samples and 89% of summer samples were correctly classified using the NIR spectra of milk dried on paper.

ACS Style

I. Revilla; Olga Escuredo; Isabel Revilla Martín; C. Palacios. Fatty acids and fat-soluble vitamins in ewe’s milk predicted by near infrared reflectance spectroscopy. Determination of seasonality. Food Chemistry 2017, 214, 468 -477.

AMA Style

I. Revilla, Olga Escuredo, Isabel Revilla Martín, C. Palacios. Fatty acids and fat-soluble vitamins in ewe’s milk predicted by near infrared reflectance spectroscopy. Determination of seasonality. Food Chemistry. 2017; 214 ():468-477.

Chicago/Turabian Style

I. Revilla; Olga Escuredo; Isabel Revilla Martín; C. Palacios. 2017. "Fatty acids and fat-soluble vitamins in ewe’s milk predicted by near infrared reflectance spectroscopy. Determination of seasonality." Food Chemistry 214, no. : 468-477.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2017 in Journal of Animal Behaviour and Biometeorology
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ACS Style

Jose Alfonso Abecia; Angel Garcia; Laura Castillo; Carlos Palacios. The effects of weather on milk production in dairy sheep vary by month of lambing and lactation phase. Journal of Animal Behaviour and Biometeorology 2017, 5, 1 .

AMA Style

Jose Alfonso Abecia, Angel Garcia, Laura Castillo, Carlos Palacios. The effects of weather on milk production in dairy sheep vary by month of lambing and lactation phase. Journal of Animal Behaviour and Biometeorology. 2017; 5 (2):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jose Alfonso Abecia; Angel Garcia; Laura Castillo; Carlos Palacios. 2017. "The effects of weather on milk production in dairy sheep vary by month of lambing and lactation phase." Journal of Animal Behaviour and Biometeorology 5, no. 2: 1.

Articles
Published: 28 November 2016 in Biological Rhythm Research
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This study assessed the relationship between season and lunar phase at conception on offspring sex ratio of four livestock species (sheep, cattle, goats and pigs). The sex of 66,830 lambs (1995–2015); 25,546 calves (2011–2015); 5671 kids (2002–2007) and 1916 piglets was recorded. Moon phases were categorized as either new moon, crescent moon, full moon or decrescent moon. Sex ratio, expressed as proportion of males (males/males + females), was tested against the expected value of 1:1. In sheep, offspring sex ratio and lunar phase were not correlated; season had a significant (p = 0.002) effect on offspring sex ratio. The proportion of males born of spring and winter matings was significantly higher than it was among offspring born of summer (p < 0.05) or autumn (p < 0.01) conceptions. Offspring sex ratios in spring (p < 0.05), autumn (p < 0.01) and winter (p < 0.05) differed significantly from the expected. In cattle, moon phase and season did not affect the offspring sex ratio; however, the interaction effect was highly significant (p = 0.001). The overall piglet sex ratio (0.522), and the sex ratios among piglets conceived during a crescent moon and those conceived in summer differed significantly (p < 0.05) from 1:1. Research including additional factors such as hormonal treatments prior to insemination, food availability, weather and maternal and paternal factors might provide the underlying reasons for the effects of season and moon phase on offspring sex ratio in some livestock species.

ACS Style

José-Alfonso Abecia; Francisco Antonio Arrebola; Carlos Palacios. Offspring sex ratio in sheep, cattle, goats and pigs: influence of season and lunar phase at conception. Biological Rhythm Research 2016, 48, 1 -8.

AMA Style

José-Alfonso Abecia, Francisco Antonio Arrebola, Carlos Palacios. Offspring sex ratio in sheep, cattle, goats and pigs: influence of season and lunar phase at conception. Biological Rhythm Research. 2016; 48 (3):1-8.

Chicago/Turabian Style

José-Alfonso Abecia; Francisco Antonio Arrebola; Carlos Palacios. 2016. "Offspring sex ratio in sheep, cattle, goats and pigs: influence of season and lunar phase at conception." Biological Rhythm Research 48, no. 3: 1-8.

Journal article
Published: 10 March 2016 in Small Ruminant Research
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ACS Style

Francisco Antonio Arrebola; Manuel Sánchez; María Dolores López; Marta Rodríguez; Beatriz Pardo; Carlos Palacios; José-Alfonso Abecia. Effects of weather and management factors on fertility after artificial insemination in Florida goats: A ten-year study. Small Ruminant Research 2016, 137, 47 -52.

AMA Style

Francisco Antonio Arrebola, Manuel Sánchez, María Dolores López, Marta Rodríguez, Beatriz Pardo, Carlos Palacios, José-Alfonso Abecia. Effects of weather and management factors on fertility after artificial insemination in Florida goats: A ten-year study. Small Ruminant Research. 2016; 137 ():47-52.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Francisco Antonio Arrebola; Manuel Sánchez; María Dolores López; Marta Rodríguez; Beatriz Pardo; Carlos Palacios; José-Alfonso Abecia. 2016. "Effects of weather and management factors on fertility after artificial insemination in Florida goats: A ten-year study." Small Ruminant Research 137, no. : 47-52.

Journal article
Published: 07 March 2016 in International Journal of Biometeorology
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A total number of 1092 artificial inseminations (AIs) performed from March to May were documented over four consecutive years on 10 Payoya goat farms (36° N) and 19,392 AIs on 102 Rasa Aragonesa sheep farms (41° N) over 10 years. Mean, maximum, and minimum ambient temperatures, mean relative humidity, mean solar radiation, and total rainfall on each insemination day were recorded. Overall, fertility rates were 58 % in goats and 45 % in sheep. The fertility rates of the highest and lowest deciles of each of the meteorological variables indicated that temperature and rainfall had a significant effect on fertility in goats. Specifically, inseminations that were performed when mean (68 %), maximum (68 %), and minimum (66 %) temperatures were in the highest decile, and rainfall was in the lowest decile (59 %), had a significantly (P < 0.0001) higher proportion of does that became pregnant than did the ewes in the lowest decile (56, 54, 58, and 49 %, respectively). In sheep, the fertility rates of the highest decile of mean (62 %), maximum (62 %), and minimum (52 %) temperature, RH (52 %), THI (53 %), and rainfall (45 %) were significantly higher (P < 0.0001) than were the fertility rates among ewes in the lowest decile (46, 45, 45, 45, 46, and 43 %, respectively). In conclusion, weather was related to fertility in small ruminants after AI in spring. It remains to be determined whether scheduling the dates of insemination based on forecasted temperatures can improve the success of AI in goats and sheep.

ACS Style

J. A. Abecia; F. Arrebola; A. Macias; A. Laviña; O. González-Casquet; F. Benitez; Carlos Palacios. Temperature and rainfall are related to fertility rate after spring artificial insemination in small ruminants. International Journal of Biometeorology 2016, 60, 1603 -1609.

AMA Style

J. A. Abecia, F. Arrebola, A. Macias, A. Laviña, O. González-Casquet, F. Benitez, Carlos Palacios. Temperature and rainfall are related to fertility rate after spring artificial insemination in small ruminants. International Journal of Biometeorology. 2016; 60 (10):1603-1609.

Chicago/Turabian Style

J. A. Abecia; F. Arrebola; A. Macias; A. Laviña; O. González-Casquet; F. Benitez; Carlos Palacios. 2016. "Temperature and rainfall are related to fertility rate after spring artificial insemination in small ruminants." International Journal of Biometeorology 60, no. 10: 1603-1609.

Research article
Published: 01 January 2016 in Animal Production Science
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Over 6 years, 2004 artificial inseminations (AI) were documented from 13 goat farms. We quantified the effect on fertility rate of management factors (farm, year, month, timing and order of insemination, dose of progestagen, prostaglandin, equine chorionic gonadotrophin and prostaglandin doses, age, technician, problems at AI, body condition and buck) and meteorological conditions at AI (mean, maximum and minimum temperatures, mean relative humidity, mean solar radiation, and total rainfall). Meteorological variables were converted to categorical variables to quartiles and deciles. Overall fertility was 56%. Each of the management factors had a significant (P < 0.05) effect on fertility. Non-pregnant goats differed significantly in most of the meteorological variables. Successful inseminations were associated with significantly (P < 0.001) higher mean, maximum and minimum temperatures, and solar radiation, and lower relative humidity, and rainfall, than were failed inseminations. Fertility rates of the highest and lowest deciles were significantly different for each of the meteorological variables. Inseminations performed when meteorological values were in the highest decile of mean (62%), maximum (61%) and minimum temperature (60%), and solar radiation (59%), and the lowest of relative humidity (61%) and rainfall (57%) had a significantly (P < 0.0001) higher proportion of does that became pregnant than when meteorological values were within the opposite decile (47%; 34%; 55%; 46%; 45%, and 43%, respectively). In conclusion, management and meteorological factors affected the success of AI in goats. Although technical factors can be controlled, it remains to be determined whether scheduling the dates of insemination based on forecasted temperatures can improve the success of AI.

ACS Style

Francisco Antonio Arrebola; Carlos Palacios; María-Jesús Gil; José-Alfonso Abecia. Management and meteorological factors affect fertility after artificial insemination in Murciano-Granadina goats. Animal Production Science 2016, 56, 1906 -1912.

AMA Style

Francisco Antonio Arrebola, Carlos Palacios, María-Jesús Gil, José-Alfonso Abecia. Management and meteorological factors affect fertility after artificial insemination in Murciano-Granadina goats. Animal Production Science. 2016; 56 (11):1906-1912.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Francisco Antonio Arrebola; Carlos Palacios; María-Jesús Gil; José-Alfonso Abecia. 2016. "Management and meteorological factors affect fertility after artificial insemination in Murciano-Granadina goats." Animal Production Science 56, no. 11: 1906-1912.

Journal article
Published: 03 November 2015 in Sensors
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The potential of near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) with remote reflectance fiber-optic probes for determining the mineral composition of propolis was evaluated. This technology allows direct measurements without prior sample treatment. Ninety one samples of propolis were collected in Chile (Bio-Bio region) and Spain (Castilla-León and Galicia regions). The minerals measured were aluminum, calcium, iron, potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, and some potentially toxic trace elements such as zinc, chromium, nickel, copper and lead. The modified partial least squares (MPLS) regression method was used to develop the NIR calibration model. The determination coefficient (R2) and root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) obtained for aluminum (0.79, 53), calcium (0.83, 94), iron (0.69, 134) potassium (0.95, 117), magnesium (0.70, 99), phosphorus (0.94, 24) zinc (0.87, 10) chromium (0.48, 0.6) nickel (0.52, 0.7) copper (0.64, 0.9) and lead (0.70, 2) in ppm. The results demonstrated that the capacity for prediction can be considered good for wide ranges of potassium, phosphorus and zinc concentrations, and acceptable for aluminum, calcium, magnesium, iron and lead. This indicated that the NIR method is comparable to chemical methods. The method is of interest in the rapid prediction of potentially toxic elements in propolis before consumption.

ACS Style

Isabel Revilla Martín; Olga Escuredo; Isabel Revilla; Ana M. Vivar-Quintana; M. Carmen Coello; Carlos Palacios Riocerezo; Guillermo Wells Moncada. Determination of the Mineral Composition and Toxic Element Contents of Propolis by Near Infrared Spectroscopy. Sensors 2015, 15, 27854 -27868.

AMA Style

Isabel Revilla Martín, Olga Escuredo, Isabel Revilla, Ana M. Vivar-Quintana, M. Carmen Coello, Carlos Palacios Riocerezo, Guillermo Wells Moncada. Determination of the Mineral Composition and Toxic Element Contents of Propolis by Near Infrared Spectroscopy. Sensors. 2015; 15 (11):27854-27868.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Isabel Revilla Martín; Olga Escuredo; Isabel Revilla; Ana M. Vivar-Quintana; M. Carmen Coello; Carlos Palacios Riocerezo; Guillermo Wells Moncada. 2015. "Determination of the Mineral Composition and Toxic Element Contents of Propolis by Near Infrared Spectroscopy." Sensors 15, no. 11: 27854-27868.

Journal article
Published: 25 July 2014 in International Journal of Biometeorology
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A total number of 48,088 artificial inseminations (AIs) have been controlled during seven consecutive years in 79 dairy sheep Spanish farms (41° N). Mean, maximum and minimum ambient temperatures (Ts), temperature amplitude (TA), mean relative humidity (RH), mean solar radiation (SR) and total rainfall of each insemination day and 15 days later were recorded. Temperature–humidity index (THI) and effective temperature (ET) have been calculated. A binary logistic regression model to estimate the risk of not getting pregnant compared to getting pregnant, through the odds ratio (OR), was performed. Successful winter inseminations were carried out under higher SR (P P T (P P Ts (P 1 (maximum T, ET and rainfall on AI day, and ET and rainfall on day 15), and two variables presented OR T on day 15). However, the effect of meteorological factors affected fertility in opposite ways, so T becomes a protective or risk factor on fertility depending on season. In conclusion, the percentage of pregnancy after AI in sheep is significantly affected by meteorological variables in a seasonal-dependent manner, so the parameters such as temperature reverse their effects in the hot or cold seasons. A forecast of the meteorological conditions could be a useful tool when AI dates are being scheduled.

ACS Style

Carlos Palacios; J. A. Abecia. Meteorological variables affect fertility rate after intrauterine artificial insemination in sheep in a seasonal-dependent manner: a 7-year study. International Journal of Biometeorology 2014, 59, 585 -592.

AMA Style

Carlos Palacios, J. A. Abecia. Meteorological variables affect fertility rate after intrauterine artificial insemination in sheep in a seasonal-dependent manner: a 7-year study. International Journal of Biometeorology. 2014; 59 (5):585-592.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Carlos Palacios; J. A. Abecia. 2014. "Meteorological variables affect fertility rate after intrauterine artificial insemination in sheep in a seasonal-dependent manner: a 7-year study." International Journal of Biometeorology 59, no. 5: 585-592.