Background: As a non-pharmacological therapy, acupuncture has significant efficacy in treating Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) compared to pharmacological therapies. In recent years, advances in neuroimaging techniques have provided new perspectives to elucidate the central mechanisms of acupuncture for MCI. Many acupuncture brain imaging studies have found significant improvements in brain function after acupuncture treatment of MCI, but the underlying mechanisms of brain regions modulation are unclear.Objective: A meta-analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging studies of MCI patients treated with acupuncture was conducted to summarize the effects of acupuncture on the modulation of MCI brain regions from a neuroimaging perspective.Methods: Using acupuncture, neuroimaging, magnetic resonance, and Mild Cognitive Impairment as search terms, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE), Google Scholar, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China Biology Medicine disk (CBM disk), Wanfang and Chinese Scientific Journal Database (VIP) for brain imaging studies on acupuncture on MCI published up to April 2022. Voxel-based neuroimaging meta-analysis of fMRI data was performed using voxel-based d Mapping with Permutation of Subject Images (SDM-PSI), allowing for Family-Wise Error Rate (FWER) correction correction for correction multiple comparisons of results. Subgroup analysis was used to compare the differences in brain regions between the acupuncture treatment group and other control groups. Meta-regression was used to explore demographic information and altered cognitive function effects on brain imaging outcomes. Linear models were drawn using MATLAB 2017a, and visual graphs for quality evaluation were produced using R software and RStudio software.Results: A total of seven studies met the inclusion criteria, with 94 patients in the treatment group and 112 patients in the control group. All studies were analyzed using the regional homogeneity (ReHo) method. The experimental design of fMRI included six task state studies and one resting-state study. The meta-analysis showed that MCI patients had enhanced activity in the right insula, left anterior cingulate/paracingulate gyri, right thalamus, right middle frontal gyrus, right median cingulate/paracingulate gyri, and right middle temporal gyrus brain regions after acupuncture treatment. Further analysis of RCT and longitudinal studies showed that Reho values were significantly elevated in two brain regions, the left anterior cingulate/paracingulate gyrus and the right insula, after acupuncture. The MCI group showed stronger activity in the right supramarginal gyrus after acupuncture treatment compared to healthy controls. Meta-regression analysis showed that the right anterior thalamic projection ReHo index was significantly correlated with the MMSE score after acupuncture treatment in all MCI patients.Conclusions: Acupuncture therapy has a modulating effect on the brain regions of MCI patients. However, due to the inadequate experimental design of neuroimaging studies, multi-center neuroimaging studies with large samples are needed better to understand the potential neuroimaging mechanisms of acupuncture for MCI. In addition, machine learning algorithm-based predictive models for evaluating the efficacy of acupuncture for MCI may become a focus of future research.Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022287826, identifier: CRD 42022287826.

To investigate the effect of Tangweian Jianji (TWAJJ) on the biomechanical and morphometrical remodeling of the upper gastrointestinal tract in diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced in 27 rats by injecting streptozotocin (40 mg/kg body weight), the animals were then divided into three groups (n = 9 in each group), i.e., diabetic control (DM); high dose (10 g/kg, T1) and low dose (5 g/kg, T2). Another 10 rats acted as normal controls (Control). TWAJJ was administered by gavage once daily. Blood glucose and serum insulin levels were measured. Circumferential length, wall thickness and opening angle were measured from esophageal, duodenal, jejunal and ileal ring segments. The residual strain was calculated from the morphometric data. Step-wise distension was carried out on esophageal and jejunal segments. The obtained data on the length, diameter and pressure changes were then used to calculate the circumferential and longitudinal stresses and strains. Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the receptor of advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) mRNA level in jejunal tissues. At the end of the experiment, the blood glucose level was significantly higher and the serum insulin level was significantly lower in DM, T1 and T2 groups than in the control group (Glucose: 30.23 ± 0.41 mmol/L, 27.48 ± 0.27 mmol/L and 27.84 ± 0.29 mmol/L vs 5.05 ± 0.04 mmol/L, P = 1.65 × 10(-16), P = 5.89 × 10(-19) and P = 1.63 × 10(-18), respectively; Insulin: 1.47 ± 0.32 μg/L, 2.66 ± 0.44 μg/L, 2.03 ± 0.29 μg/L and 4.17 ± 0.54 μg/L, P = 0.0001, P = 0.029 and P = 0.025, respectively). However, these levels did not differ among the DM, T1 and T2 groups. The wet weight per unit length, wall thickness and opening angle of esophageal and intestinal segments in the DM group were significantly higher than those in the control group (from P = 0.009 to P = 0.004). These parameters in the T1 group were significantly lower than those in the DM group (wet weight, duodenum: 0.147 ± 0.003 g/cm vs 0.158 ± 0.001 g/cm, P = 0.047; jejunum, 0.127 ± 0.003 g/cm vs 0.151 ± 0.002 g/cm, P = 0.017; ileum, 0.127 ± 0.004 g/cm vs 0.139 ± 0.003 g/cm, P = 0.046; wall thickness, esophagus: 0.84 ± 0.03 mm vs 0.94 ± 0.02 mm, P = 0.014; duodenum: 1.27 ± 0.06 mm vs 1.39 ± 0.05 mm, P = 0.031; jejunum: 1.19 ± 0.07 mm vs 1.34 ± 0.04 mm, P = 0.047; ileum: 1.09 ± 0.04 mm vs 1.15 ± 0.03 mm, P = 0.049; opening angle, esophagus: 112.2 ± 13.2˚ vs 134.7 ± 14.7˚, P = 0.027; duodenum: 105.9 ± 12.3˚ vs 123.1 ± 13.1˚, P = 0.046; jejunum: 90.1 ± 15.4˚ vs 115.5 ± 13.3˚, P = 0.044; ileum: 112.9 ± 13.4˚ vs 136.1 ± 17.1˚, P = 0.035). In the esophageal and jejunal segments, the inner residual stain was significantly smaller and the outer residual strain was larger in the DM group than in the control group (P = 0.022 and P = 0.035). T1 treatment significantly restored this biomechanical alteration (P = 0.011 and P = 0.019), but T2 treatment did not. Furthermore, the circumferential and longitudinal stiffness of the esophageal and jejunal wall increased in the DM group compared with those in the control group. T1, but not T2 treatment, significantly decreased the circumferential wall stiffness in the jejunal segment (P = 0.012) and longitudinal wall stiffness in the esophageal segment (P = 0.023). The mRNA level of RAGE was significantly decreased in the T1 group compared to that in the DM group (P = 0.0069). TWAJJ (high dose) treatment partly restored the morphometric and biomechanical remodeling of the upper gastrointestinal tract in diabetic rats.

Chang’E-5 will be China’s first sample−return mission. The proposed landing site is at the late-Eratosthenian-aged Rümker region of the lunar nearside. During this mission, a driller will be sunk into the lunar regolith to collect samples from depths up to two meters. This mission provides an ideal opportunity to investigate the lunar regolith temperature variation, which is important to the drilling program. This study focuses on the temperature variation of lunar regolith, especially the subsurface temperature. Such temperature information is crucial to both the engineering needs of the drilling program and interpretation of future heat-flow measurements at the lunar landing site. Based on the real-time illumination, and particularly the terrain obscuration, a one-dimensional heat equation was applied to estimate the temperature variation over the whole landing region. Our results confirm that while solar illumination strongly affects the surface temperature, such effect becomes weak at increasing depths. The skin depth of diurnal temperature variations is restricted to the uppermost ~5 cm, and the temperature of regolith deeper than ~0.6 m is controlled by the interior heat flow. At such a depth, China’s future lunar exploration is adequate to measure the inner heat flow, considering the drilling depth will be close to 2 m.

The stellar model is still facing challenges in explaining the origin of low-mass stars and brown dwarfs. Double-lined detached eclipsing binaries with low-mass and similar components play an important astrophysical role in accurately deriving fundamental parameters, investigating stellar properties, and restricting theoretical stellar models of low-mass stars. Using high-precision light curves and Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope spectra, we first obtained the fundamental parameters of the four detached binaries (NSVS 07453183, V644 Aur, V912 Per, and V1250 Tau). Except for V1250 Tau (q _sp∼ 0.95), the mass ratios of the other three targets are almost equal to 1, which is consistent with the core fragmentation and dynamical capture theories of binary formation. The O − C curves of these systems based on current data exhibit cyclic variations, which is due to the light-travel time effect caused by the presence of a third body. Among them, the third body of V912 Per is likely to be a stellar black hole ( M 3 sin i 3 = 12.57 M ⊙ ) . The O − C diagram of NSVS 07453183 shows double-cycle oscillations, which means that it is perhaps a quadruple system. The third body of NSVS 07453183 is an M3-type main-sequence star based on third light analysis, and the fourth body maybe a brown dwarf. The obtained Hertzsprung–Russell diagram based on the Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics code suggested that the components of these four targets are main-sequence stars. These four targets will gradually form Algol-type binaries in the future, which are important systems for studying the reversal of the mass ratio.

The interior structure of Phobos has been the subject of debate in recent years, with the moment of inertia being a determining factor. To study this structure, we modeled Phobos with a two-layer structure and calculated its mean density and moment of inertia using updated gravity coefficients of degree-2 and forced libration amplitudes. By minimizing the misfit between modeled and derived moment of inertia, and observed and modeled mean density, we determined the frequency distribution for estimated parameters, including the core radius r_c, core density ρ_c, and density ρ_m of the outer layer. Our results indicate that the optimized core radius is around 8.2 km for our models, along with a core density compromise of approximately 2500 kg·m⁻³, and an outer layer density of around 1400 kg·m⁻³. These values have remarkable sensitivity to the misfit function, implying a higher density likely inside Phobos compared to the outer layer. Given that the large core density was associated with ice content, it suggested that the fractional ice content in the outer layer is approximately 11% with a rock density of 2200 kg·m⁻³, while the content in the core is lower at 2.4% with a rock density of 3000 kg·m⁻³. The methodology introduced in this study can be further used to study the interior structure of irregularly shaped asteroids.

针对当前InSight数据无法检测火星固态内核是否存在的问题，提出利用火星平均密度和平均惯性矩因子估算火星固态内核的大小及其密度组成。根据火星高阶重力场模型JGMRO120f和GMM3-120，以及最新火星岁差率，推导了观测数据下的火星平均密度和平均惯性矩因子；参考火星内部结构的4层模型，以及不同自由参数（壳层密度、幔层密度、外核密度、内核大小和内核密度），求解了火星平均密度和平均惯性矩因子的模型值。利用观测值与模型值最小残差平方和作为约束条件，大批量统计结果表明：（1）两个重力场模型求解的自由参数具有相同的分布特征，自由参数的最优值基本一致；（2）火星壳层密度、幔层密度和外核密度接近其他研究结果，表明统计结果具一定的参考价值；（3）火星可能存在840 km左右的固态内核，其密度约为6950 kg·m^-3。内核密度大小表明火星内核不由纯铁物质组成，该结果与火星核富集轻元素物质的近期研究一致，计算结果具有一定的参考价值。由于反演结果的非唯一性，未来随着InSight火星星震数据处理技术的提高，有望进一步地约束火星内核的大小及其组成。