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Pavel Čupr
Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic

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Correspondence
Published: 06 December 2018 in Science of The Total Environment
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EHMC is one of the most widely used organic UV filters. Trans-EHMC exposed to UV radiation, including sunlight, isomerizes to cis-EHMC. cis-EHMC and trans-EHMC differ in genotoxicity response in bacteria and human cells. Toxicokinetics and -dynamics of each isomer need to be tested separately to predict their risks. These finding are presented to competent authorities to re-evaluate the use of EHMC. Download high-res image (221KB)Download full-size image

ACS Style

Anežka Sharma; Katarína Řiháčková; Pavel Čupr. Isomers of photo-unstable compounds should be evaluated as the individual substances due to their potential different exposure effects. Science of The Total Environment 2018, 657, 902 -903.

AMA Style

Anežka Sharma, Katarína Řiháčková, Pavel Čupr. Isomers of photo-unstable compounds should be evaluated as the individual substances due to their potential different exposure effects. Science of The Total Environment. 2018; 657 ():902-903.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Anežka Sharma; Katarína Řiháčková; Pavel Čupr. 2018. "Isomers of photo-unstable compounds should be evaluated as the individual substances due to their potential different exposure effects." Science of The Total Environment 657, no. : 902-903.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2018 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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The main topic of this study is a human health risk assessment of a defined exposure scenario in the floodplain soils of the headwater areas of the central European watershed, with the aim of exploring both multivariate and regional data structures. Flood-prone areas are recognized worldwide to be susceptible to contamination and its redistribution. Contributions of various classes of toxic compounds (organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)) to human health risks were assessed in a screening risk assessment. However, due to the relative nature of our data and a high PAH dominancy over the data ensemble, reliance solely on the standard statistical processing of raw data might lead to incomplete insight into the structure of the multivariate data. Explanatory analysis of the data structure using the compositional approach was found to be beneficial to elucidating human health risk profiles and provided robust evidence that a contrast between agricultural and airborne industrial pollution controlled the whole human toxicological variation of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in floodplain soils. These results were effectively quantified with the subcomposition of benzo(a)pyrene, DDT, and alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane (aHCH), allowing for an interpretation of structural differences in regional pollution patterns, which conferred different extents and compositions of human health risks in floodplain soils.

ACS Style

Jan Skála; Radim Vácha; Pavel Čupr. Which Compounds Contribute Most to Elevated Soil Pollution and the Corresponding Health Risks in Floodplains in the Headwater Areas of the Central European Watershed? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2018, 15, 1146 .

AMA Style

Jan Skála, Radim Vácha, Pavel Čupr. Which Compounds Contribute Most to Elevated Soil Pollution and the Corresponding Health Risks in Floodplains in the Headwater Areas of the Central European Watershed? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2018; 15 (6):1146.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jan Skála; Radim Vácha; Pavel Čupr. 2018. "Which Compounds Contribute Most to Elevated Soil Pollution and the Corresponding Health Risks in Floodplains in the Headwater Areas of the Central European Watershed?" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 6: 1146.

Journal article
Published: 01 March 2018 in Environmental Pollution
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Genotoxic compounds, as common contaminants of the air environment, are of interest in air pollution monitoring. There are several methods to determine the level of these contaminants in different localities, many of which may be difficult to access with the use of conventional active and passive samplers. In the present study, the needles Pinus mugo Turra and Picea abies were used to monitor sampling localities in Austria, Slovakia, and the Czech Republic. Needles were extracted and chemical analysis and the genotoxicity bioassay SOS chromotest were used to obtain complex information about the chemical mixture of pollutants present and their genotoxic effects. The SOS chromotest method was optimized by using a CPRG chromogenic substrate to reduce the false positive genotoxic effect of needle extracts. Pinus mugo Turra and Picea abies were identified as suitable passive sampling matrices for long-term air monitoring using the same plants sampled at the same time. The presented study brings an innovative method for the fast screening and identification of localities loaded by genotoxic active air contaminants.

ACS Style

Daniela Baráková; Anežka Sharma; Mária Chropeňová; Pavel Čupr. A novel screening method to identify air pollution by genotoxic compounds. Environmental Pollution 2018, 234, 473 -479.

AMA Style

Daniela Baráková, Anežka Sharma, Mária Chropeňová, Pavel Čupr. A novel screening method to identify air pollution by genotoxic compounds. Environmental Pollution. 2018; 234 ():473-479.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Daniela Baráková; Anežka Sharma; Mária Chropeňová; Pavel Čupr. 2018. "A novel screening method to identify air pollution by genotoxic compounds." Environmental Pollution 234, no. : 473-479.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2017 in Environment International
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Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) from the group of persistent organic pollutants are detected in human tissues years or even decades after their ban. Exposure to PCBs and OCPs can pose risks to human health. In the present study, we calculated the daily intakes of PCBs and OCPs in the Czech population and investigated the long-term trends of human exposure to POPs. Data on POP concentrations from a 16-year period of breast-milk monitoring were used. A toxicokinetic model with consideration of compound-specific elimination half-lives was used to calculate the mothers' daily intake of PCBs and OCPs representing the intake of POPs by all exposure routes. The calculated intakes were compared with dietary intakes calculated by the Czech National Institute of Public Health. The comparison shows good agreement of both intake estimates with decreasing intake trends of POPs in the Czech population in the time period studied. However, several fluctuations with peaks of higher levels were observed in both datasets which are not typical for the period after the ban of use and production of POPs. The available evidence suggests that the increases in chemical concentrations might be caused by food contamination. The calculated intakes of compounds with longer elimination half-lives, such as higher-chlorinated PCBs, were higher in older mothers. This "memory effect" was already observed in other studies and indicates higher exposure in earlier life periods of the mother. Our results suggest that exposure to POPs is still relevant for the Czech population in the period after the ban of the use and production of POPs (post-ban period), especially via food ingestion, though the intake trends are decreasing. Possible food contamination by POPs in the post-ban period requires further assessment.

ACS Style

Katarína Bányiová; Milena Černá; Ondřej Mikeš; Klára Komprdová; Anežka Sharma; Tenzing Gyalpo; Pavel Čupr; Martin Scheringer. Long-term time trends in human intake of POPs in the Czech Republic indicate a need for continuous monitoring. Environment International 2017, 108, 1 -10.

AMA Style

Katarína Bányiová, Milena Černá, Ondřej Mikeš, Klára Komprdová, Anežka Sharma, Tenzing Gyalpo, Pavel Čupr, Martin Scheringer. Long-term time trends in human intake of POPs in the Czech Republic indicate a need for continuous monitoring. Environment International. 2017; 108 ():1-10.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Katarína Bányiová; Milena Černá; Ondřej Mikeš; Klára Komprdová; Anežka Sharma; Tenzing Gyalpo; Pavel Čupr; Martin Scheringer. 2017. "Long-term time trends in human intake of POPs in the Czech Republic indicate a need for continuous monitoring." Environment International 108, no. : 1-10.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2017 in Chemosphere
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Coniferous needles can be used as a passive air sampler of semivolatile organic compounds (SVOC) and an indicator of atmospheric pollution patterns and trends. There is limited information on whether different parts of the plant (e.g., foliage leaves, dwarf shoots, twig, etc.) contain different levels of SVOC. Only few studies have compared levels of SVOC surface layer of wax and to their total content in all needle tissues and what affects an uptake and distribution of SVOC. It is important to have better understanding of the extent to which sampling and sample preparation procedures affect measured levels of SVOC in pine needles and reduce comparability of data from samples processed in different ways. In the present study, we assessed an impact of various sampling and sample preparation techniques on the levels of SVOC in Pinus sylvestris needles. While the impact of various storing, washing and drying methods was not significant, presence of dwarf shoots in the sample or structural damage of needles affected the results significantly. Results show that levels of SVOC in dwarf shoots are 2-8 times higher than those in foliage leaves. Therefore, dwarf shoots must be carefully removed before foliage leaves extraction to improve comparability of results. There were different patterns in SVOC on the surface of the foliage leaves compared to the whole leaves. An uptake of these substances by the surface wax as well as their occurrence in the internal structure was of function of the physico-chemical properties of the substances (log Kow, molar weight).

ACS Style

Daniela Baráková; Jana Klánová; Mária Chropeňová; Pavel Čupr. Towards improved comparability of studies addressing atmospheric concentrations of semivolatile organic compounds based on their sequestration in pine needles. Chemosphere 2017, 185, 47 -55.

AMA Style

Daniela Baráková, Jana Klánová, Mária Chropeňová, Pavel Čupr. Towards improved comparability of studies addressing atmospheric concentrations of semivolatile organic compounds based on their sequestration in pine needles. Chemosphere. 2017; 185 ():47-55.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Daniela Baráková; Jana Klánová; Mária Chropeňová; Pavel Čupr. 2017. "Towards improved comparability of studies addressing atmospheric concentrations of semivolatile organic compounds based on their sequestration in pine needles." Chemosphere 185, no. : 47-55.

Research article
Published: 17 September 2017 in Environmental Science and Pollution Research
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2-Ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate (EHMC) is one of the most used ultraviolet filters in personal care products. It undergoes cis/trans isomerization in sunlight, and there is limited toxicological understanding of the effects of the cis-isomer. It is known that two geometric isomers of one compound can have different physico-chemical properties and effects. However, there are no studies focusing on toxicokinetics of EHMC isomerization products to compare their potential difference in dermal exposure to cis-EHMC and trans-EHMC due to the difference in their dermatotoxicokinetics. In this study, dermal absorption of the parental trans-EHMC and its cis isomer was studied. A commercially available sunscreen lotion containing trans-EHMC and spiked with laboratory-prepared cis-EHMC was locally applied on the forearm skin of two volunteers. After 8 h of skin exposure, the stratum corneum (SC) layer was removed by tape stripping. The removed thickness of the SC was determined spectrophotometrically using a total protein assay. The concentration of both isomers in the removed SC was measured by HPLC-DAD. A new diffusion and permeability coefficient of both EHMC isomers in SC were determined by Fick’s second law of diffusion in vivo. The difference in dermatotoxicokinetic parameters between the two isomers was not statistically significant. However, separate toxicological studies of isomeric forms and the determination of their dermatotoxicokinetic parameters are crucial for refinement of human risk assessment.

ACS Style

Anežka Sharma; Katarína Bányiová; Branislav Vrana; Ivan Justan; Pavel Čupr. Investigation of cis-trans isomer dependent dermatotoxicokinetics of UV filter ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate through stratum corneum in vivo. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2017, 24, 25061 -25070.

AMA Style

Anežka Sharma, Katarína Bányiová, Branislav Vrana, Ivan Justan, Pavel Čupr. Investigation of cis-trans isomer dependent dermatotoxicokinetics of UV filter ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate through stratum corneum in vivo. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2017; 24 (32):25061-25070.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Anežka Sharma; Katarína Bányiová; Branislav Vrana; Ivan Justan; Pavel Čupr. 2017. "Investigation of cis-trans isomer dependent dermatotoxicokinetics of UV filter ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate through stratum corneum in vivo." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 24, no. 32: 25061-25070.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2017 in Science of The Total Environment
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2-ethylhexyl 4-methoxycinnamate (EHMC), used in many categories of personal care products (PCPs), is one of the most discussed ultraviolet filters because of its endocrine-disrupting effects. EHMC is unstable in sunlight and can be transformed from trans-EHMC to emergent cis-EHMC. Toxicological studies are focusing only on trans-EHMC; thus the toxicological data for cis-EHMC are missing. In this study, the in vitro genotoxic effects of trans- and cis-EHMC on adult human liver stem cells HL1-hT1 and human-derived lymphoblastoid cells TK-6 using a high-throughput comet assay were studied. TK-6 cells treated with cis-EHMC showed a high level of DNA damage when compared to untreated cells in concentrations 1.56 to 25μgmL. trans-EHMC showed genotoxicity after exposure to the two highest concentrations 12.5 and 25μgmL. The increase in DNA damage on HL1-hT1 cells induced by cis-EHMC and trans-EHMC was detected at the concentration 25μgmL. The No observed adverse effect level (NOAEL, mg kgbwday) was determined using a Quantitative in vitro to in vivo extrapolation (QIVIVE) approach: NOAEL=3.07, NOAEL=0.30 for TK-6 and NOAEL=26.46, NOAEL=20.36 for HL1-hT1. The hazard index (HI) was evaluated by comparing the reference dose (RfD, mgkgbwday) obtained from our experimental data with the chronic daily intake (CDI) of the female population. Using comet assay experimental data with the more sensitive TK-6 cells, HI was 7 times higher than HI. In terms of CDI, relative contributions were; dermal exposure route>oral>inhalation. According to our results we recommend the RfD=0.20 and RfD=0.02 for trans-EHMC and cis-EHMC, respectively, to use for human health risk assessment. The significant difference in trans-EHMC and cis-EHMC response points to the need for toxicological reevaluation and application reassessment of both isomers in PCPs.

ACS Style

Anežka Sharma; Katarína Bányiová; Pavel Babica; Naouale El Yamani; Andrew Collins; Pavel Čupr. Different DNA damage response of cis and trans isomers of commonly used UV filter after the exposure on adult human liver stem cells and human lymphoblastoid cells. Science of The Total Environment 2017, 593-594, 18 -26.

AMA Style

Anežka Sharma, Katarína Bányiová, Pavel Babica, Naouale El Yamani, Andrew Collins, Pavel Čupr. Different DNA damage response of cis and trans isomers of commonly used UV filter after the exposure on adult human liver stem cells and human lymphoblastoid cells. Science of The Total Environment. 2017; 593-594 ():18-26.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Anežka Sharma; Katarína Bányiová; Pavel Babica; Naouale El Yamani; Andrew Collins; Pavel Čupr. 2017. "Different DNA damage response of cis and trans isomers of commonly used UV filter after the exposure on adult human liver stem cells and human lymphoblastoid cells." Science of The Total Environment 593-594, no. : 18-26.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2016 in Environmental Pollution
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This study is a systematic assessment of different houses and apartments, their ages and renovation status, indoors and outdoors, and in summer vs. winter, with a goal of bringing some insight into the major sources of semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) and their variability. Indoor and outdoor air concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and novel flame retardants (NFRs) were determined at 17-20 homes in Czech Republic in winter and summer. Indoor concentrations were consistently higher than outdoor concentrations for all compounds; indoor/outdoor ratios ranged from 2-20, with larger differences for the current use NFRs than for legacy PCBs. Seasonal trends differed according to the use status of the compounds: the PCBs had higher summer concentrations both indoors and outdoors, suggesting volatilization as a source of PCBs to air. PBDEs had no seasonal trends indoors, but higher summer concentrations outdoors. Several NFRs (TBX, PBT, PBEB) had higher indoor concentrations in winter relative to summer. The seasonal trends in the flame retardants suggest differences in air exchange rates due to lower building ventilation in winter could be driving the concentration differences. Weak relationships were found with building age for PCBs, with higher concentrations indoors in buildings built before 1984, and with the number of electronics for PBDEs, with higher concentrations in rooms with three or more electronic items. Indoor environments are the primary contributor to human inhalation exposure to these SVOCs, due to the high percentage of time spent indoors (>90%) combined with the higher indoors levels for all the studied compounds. Exposure via the indoor environment contributed ∼96% of the total chronic daily intake via inhalation in summer and ∼98% in winter.

ACS Style

Lisa Melymuk; Pernilla Bohlin-Nizzetto; Petr Kukučka; Šimon Vojta; Jiří Kalina; Pavel Čupr; Jana Klanova. Seasonality and indoor/outdoor relationships of flame retardants and PCBs in residential air. Environmental Pollution 2016, 218, 392 -401.

AMA Style

Lisa Melymuk, Pernilla Bohlin-Nizzetto, Petr Kukučka, Šimon Vojta, Jiří Kalina, Pavel Čupr, Jana Klanova. Seasonality and indoor/outdoor relationships of flame retardants and PCBs in residential air. Environmental Pollution. 2016; 218 ():392-401.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lisa Melymuk; Pernilla Bohlin-Nizzetto; Petr Kukučka; Šimon Vojta; Jiří Kalina; Pavel Čupr; Jana Klanova. 2016. "Seasonality and indoor/outdoor relationships of flame retardants and PCBs in residential air." Environmental Pollution 218, no. : 392-401.

Research article
Published: 09 August 2016 in Environmental Science & Technology
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Perfluorinated alkylated substances (PFASs) are today considered persistent, toxic, and bioaccumulative contaminants. Perfluorooctansulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) are currently listed as priority substances under the UNEP global convention for the regulation of POPs. A previous study reported higher levels of PFASs in pine needles near ski areas. Their application as stain repellents in modern outdoor clothes and in ski waxes is assumed to be a potential source. Pine trees (Pinus mugo in Slovakia and Pinus sylvestris in Norway) were chosen for sampling in ski resorts. Relative distributions, overall concentrations, trend estimates, elevation patterns, and distance from primary sources were assessed. PFOA was the predominant PFAS constituent in pine needles from Slovakia (8–93%). In Norway, the most-abundant PFAS was perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA: 3–66%). A difference in product composition (particularly in ski waxes) and differences in Norwegian and Slovakian regulations are considered to be the primary reason for these differences. Open application of PFOA in industry and products has been banned in Norway since 2011. The replacement of PFOA with short-chain substitutes is thus considered the reason for the observed pattern differences in the analyzed pine needles. Regular monitoring and screening programs are recommended.

ACS Style

Mária Chropeňová; Pavlína Karásková; Roland Kallenborn; Eva Klemmová Gregušková; Pavel Čupr. Pine Needles for the Screening of Perfluorinated Alkylated Substances (PFASs) along Ski Tracks. Environmental Science & Technology 2016, 50, 9487 -9496.

AMA Style

Mária Chropeňová, Pavlína Karásková, Roland Kallenborn, Eva Klemmová Gregušková, Pavel Čupr. Pine Needles for the Screening of Perfluorinated Alkylated Substances (PFASs) along Ski Tracks. Environmental Science & Technology. 2016; 50 (17):9487-9496.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mária Chropeňová; Pavlína Karásková; Roland Kallenborn; Eva Klemmová Gregušková; Pavel Čupr. 2016. "Pine Needles for the Screening of Perfluorinated Alkylated Substances (PFASs) along Ski Tracks." Environmental Science & Technology 50, no. 17: 9487-9496.

Journal article
Published: 01 July 2016 in Ecological Indicators
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Pinus mugo Turra is a typical pine tree from mountain habitats. It is ideal as a bioindicator for air quality monitoring, but, to the best of our knowledge, has never been implemented to determine organic compound concentrations. This study presents the initial methodology for the use of pine needles to measure contamination levels and evaluate genotoxicity potentials caused by long-range transport of pollutants at sites in the Slovak mountains in comparison to an industrial urban area. Pinus mugo needles have many positive attributes, particularly the five-year lifetime of needles compared with other species of pine. The presence of epicuticular wax on the surface of needles allows accumulation of lipophilic organic compounds. Pine needles were analyzed for POP compounds (PCBs, OCPs, PBDEs), PAHs, PFCs and lead. A pollen grain abortion assay with Pinus mugo species was also tested as a method to identify contamination of high mountain habitats. The concentration of organic compounds increased proportionally with needle age. Concentrations along the mountain transect were heavily influenced by atmospheric transport and proximity to potential sources of contamination from industry and residential areas from north and south of the mountain. The slope exposure direction had a large impact on concentrations of PBDEs (mainly for BDE 209). High concentrations of PFCs were discovered near a ski resort, where the use of these substances is high due to fluorinated ski waxes and personal outdoor clothing. A positive correlation between pollen grain abortivity and elevation was observed, with the strongest effect on pollutants at the top of the mountains. The results showed the highest genotoxicity at the site near a pulp mill (Zilina), where the frequency of abortive pollen grains was 3.1 times higher than at the control site. Lead content increased gradually with needle age, and a correlation was found between Pb levels in needles and pollen abortivity. It can be concluded that Pinus mugo is a suitable bioindicator species for assessment of long-term trends of atmospheric contamination in high mountain habitats.

ACS Style

Mária Chropeňová; Eva Klemmová Gregušková; Pavlína Karásková; Petra Přibylová; Petr Kukučka; Daniela Baráková; Pavel Čupr. Pine needles and pollen grains of Pinus mugo Turra – A biomonitoring tool in high mountain habitats identifying environmental contamination. Ecological Indicators 2016, 66, 132 -142.

AMA Style

Mária Chropeňová, Eva Klemmová Gregušková, Pavlína Karásková, Petra Přibylová, Petr Kukučka, Daniela Baráková, Pavel Čupr. Pine needles and pollen grains of Pinus mugo Turra – A biomonitoring tool in high mountain habitats identifying environmental contamination. Ecological Indicators. 2016; 66 ():132-142.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mária Chropeňová; Eva Klemmová Gregušková; Pavlína Karásková; Petra Přibylová; Petr Kukučka; Daniela Baráková; Pavel Čupr. 2016. "Pine needles and pollen grains of Pinus mugo Turra – A biomonitoring tool in high mountain habitats identifying environmental contamination." Ecological Indicators 66, no. : 132-142.

Journal article
Published: 01 April 2016 in Science of The Total Environment
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In Oman, DDT was sprayed indoors during an intensive malaria eradication program between 1976 and 1992. DDT can remain for years after spraying and is associated with potential health risk. This raises the concern for human exposure in areas where DDT was used for indoor spraying. Twelve houses in three regions with a different history of DDT indoor spraying were chosen for a sampling campaign in 2005 to determine p,p'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (p,p'-DDT), p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE) and p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (p,p'-DDD) levels in indoor air, dust, and outdoor soil. Although DDT was only sprayed indoor, p,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDE and p,p'-DDD were also found in outdoor soil. The results indicate that release and exposure continue for years after cessation of spraying. The predicted cancer risk based on concentrations determined in 2005, indicate that there was still a significant cancer risk up to 13 to 16years after indoor DDT spraying. A novel approach, based on region-specific half-lives, was used to predict concentrations in 2015 and showed that more than 21years after spraying, cancer risk for exposure to indoor air, dust, and outdoor soil are acceptable in Oman for adults and young children. The model can be used for other locations and countries to predict prospective exposure of contaminants based on indoor experimental measurements and knowledge about the spraying time-schedule to extrapolate region-specific half-lives and predict effects on the human population years after spraying.

ACS Style

Petra Booij; Ivan Holoubek; Jana Klanova; Jiří Kohoutek; Alice Dvorská; Katarína Magulová; Said Al-Zadjali; Pavel Čupr. Current implications of past DDT indoor spraying in Oman. Science of The Total Environment 2016, 550, 231 -240.

AMA Style

Petra Booij, Ivan Holoubek, Jana Klanova, Jiří Kohoutek, Alice Dvorská, Katarína Magulová, Said Al-Zadjali, Pavel Čupr. Current implications of past DDT indoor spraying in Oman. Science of The Total Environment. 2016; 550 ():231-240.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Petra Booij; Ivan Holoubek; Jana Klanova; Jiří Kohoutek; Alice Dvorská; Katarína Magulová; Said Al-Zadjali; Pavel Čupr. 2016. "Current implications of past DDT indoor spraying in Oman." Science of The Total Environment 550, no. : 231-240.

Comparative study
Published: 30 March 2016 in Environmental Toxicology
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Ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate (EHMC) is a widely used UV filter present in a large number of personal care products (PCPs). Under normal conditions, EHMC occurs in a mixture of two isomers: trans-EHMC and cis-EHMC in a ratio of 99:1. When exposed to sunlight, the trans isomer is transformed to the less stable cis isomer and the efficiency of the UV filter is reduced. To date, the toxicological effects of the cis-EHMC isomer remain largely unknown. We developed a completely new method for preparing cis-EHMC. An EHMC technical mixture was irradiated using a UV lamp and 98% pure cis-EHMC was isolated from the irradiated solution using column chromatography. The genotoxic effects of the isolated cis-EHMC isomer and the nonirradiated trans-EHMC were subsequently measured using two bioassays (SOS chromotest and UmuC test). In the case of trans-EHMC, significant genotoxicity was observed using both bioassays at the highest concentrations (0.5 - 4 mg mL−1). In the case of cis-EHMC, significant genotoxicity was only detected using the UmuC test at concentrations of 0.25 - 1 mg mL−1. Based on these results, the NOEC was calculated for both cis- and trans-EHMC, 0.038 and 0.064 mg mL−1, respectively. Risk assessment of dermal, oral and inhalation exposure to PCPs containing EHMC was carried out for a female population using probabilistic simulation and by using Quantitative in vitro to in vivo extrapolation (QIVIVE). The risk of cis-EHMC was found to be ∼1.7 times greater than trans-EHMC. In the case of cis-EHMC, a hazard index of 1 was exceeded in the 92nd percentile. Based on the observed differences between the isomers, EHMC application in PCPs requires detailed reassessment. Further exploration of the toxicological effects and properties of cis-EHMC is needed in order to correctly predict risks posed to humans and the environment. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2016.

ACS Style

Anežka Nečasová; Katarína Bányiová; Jaromír Literák; Pavel Čupr. New probabilistic risk assessment of ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate: Comparing the genotoxic effects oftrans- andcis-EHMC. Environmental Toxicology 2016, 32, 569 -580.

AMA Style

Anežka Nečasová, Katarína Bányiová, Jaromír Literák, Pavel Čupr. New probabilistic risk assessment of ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate: Comparing the genotoxic effects oftrans- andcis-EHMC. Environmental Toxicology. 2016; 32 (2):569-580.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Anežka Nečasová; Katarína Bányiová; Jaromír Literák; Pavel Čupr. 2016. "New probabilistic risk assessment of ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate: Comparing the genotoxic effects oftrans- andcis-EHMC." Environmental Toxicology 32, no. 2: 569-580.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2016 in Chemosphere
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Due to their widespread usage, people are exposed to pesticides on a daily basis. Although these compounds may have adverse effects on their health, there is a gap in the data and the methodology needed to reliably quantify the risks of non-occupational human dermal exposure to pesticides. We used Franz cells and human skin in order to measure the dermal absorption kinetics (steady-state flux, lag time and permeability coefficient) of Carbendazim and Simazine. These parameters were then used to refine the dermal exposure model and a probabilistic simulation was used to quantify risks resulting from exposure to pesticide-polluted waters. The experimentally derived permeability coefficient was 0.0034 cm h(-1) for Carbendazim and 0.0047 cm h(-1) for Simazine. Two scenarios (varying exposure duration and concentration, i.e. environmentally relevant and maximum solubility) were used to quantify the human health risks (hazard quotients) for Carbendazim and Simazine. While no risks were determined in the case of either scenario, the permeability coefficient, which is concentration independent and donor, formulation, compound and membrane specific, may be used in other scenarios and exposure models to quantify more precisely the dermally absorbed dose during exposure to polluted water. To the best of our knowledge, the dermal absorption kinetics parameters defined here are being published for the first time. The usage of experimental permeability parameters in combination with probabilistic risk assessment thus provides a new tool for quantifying the risks of human dermal exposure to pesticides.

ACS Style

Katarína Bányiová; Anežka Nečasová; Jiří Kohoutek; Ivan Justan; Pavel Čupr. New experimental data on the human dermal absorption of Simazine and Carbendazim help to refine the assessment of human exposure. Chemosphere 2016, 145, 148 -156.

AMA Style

Katarína Bányiová, Anežka Nečasová, Jiří Kohoutek, Ivan Justan, Pavel Čupr. New experimental data on the human dermal absorption of Simazine and Carbendazim help to refine the assessment of human exposure. Chemosphere. 2016; 145 ():148-156.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Katarína Bányiová; Anežka Nečasová; Jiří Kohoutek; Ivan Justan; Pavel Čupr. 2016. "New experimental data on the human dermal absorption of Simazine and Carbendazim help to refine the assessment of human exposure." Chemosphere 145, no. : 148-156.

Journal article
Published: 21 October 2015 in Environmental Science and Pollution Research
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A novel approach was developed for rapid assessment of bioavailability and potential mobility of contaminants in soil. The response of the same test organism to the organic extract, water extract and solid phase of soil was recorded and compared. This approach was designed to give an initial estimate of the total organic toxicity (response to organic extractable fraction), as well as the mobile (response to water extract) and bioavailable fraction (response to solid phase) of soil samples. Eighteen soil samples with different levels of pollution and content of organic carbon were selected to validate the novel three-step ecotoxicological evaluation approach. All samples were chemically analysed for priority contaminants, including aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) and dichlordiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT). The ecotoxicological evaluation involved determination of toxicity of the organic, mobile and bioavailable fractions of soil to the test organism, bacterium Bacillus cereus. We found a good correlation between the chemical analysis and the toxicity of organic extract. The low toxicity of water extracts indicated low water solubility, and thus, low potential mobility of toxic contaminants present in the soil samples. The toxicity of the bioavailable fraction was significantly greater than the toxicity of water-soluble (mobile) fraction of the contaminants as deduced from comparing untreated samples and water extracts. The bioavailability of the contaminants decreased with increasing concentrations of organic carbon in evaluated soil samples. In conclusion, the three-step ecotoxicological evaluation utilised in this study can give a quick insight into soil contamination in context with bioavailability and mobility of the contaminants present. This information can be useful for hazard identification and risk assessment of soil-associated contaminants. Graphical Abstract New three-step ecotoxicological evaluation by using the same organism.

ACS Style

Zbyněk Prokop; Anežka Nečasová; Jana Klánová; Pavel Čupr. Bioavailability and mobility of organic contaminants in soil: new three-step ecotoxicological evaluation. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2015, 23, 4312 -4319.

AMA Style

Zbyněk Prokop, Anežka Nečasová, Jana Klánová, Pavel Čupr. Bioavailability and mobility of organic contaminants in soil: new three-step ecotoxicological evaluation. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2015; 23 (5):4312-4319.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zbyněk Prokop; Anežka Nečasová; Jana Klánová; Pavel Čupr. 2015. "Bioavailability and mobility of organic contaminants in soil: new three-step ecotoxicological evaluation." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 23, no. 5: 4312-4319.

Journal article
Published: 11 March 2015 in Environmental Science and Pollution Research
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Dermal absorption of the herbicide chlorotoluron was measured using ex vivo pig skin in Franz diffusion cells in an automated system. The steady-state flux was calculated, as well as the permeability coefficient, which is 0.0038 cm h−1. The permeability coefficient (Kp) is a key factor when predicting human health risks resulting from dermal exposition to a substance. The experimental determination of this parameter filled data gaps regarding the dermal absorption of chlorotoluron. The experimental permeability coefficient was subsequently used to calculate the dermal absorbed dose during some exposure scenarios. Reference doses were revised, and screening risk assessment process was done to calculate the risks resulting from exposure to chlorotoluron. This refined new approach proved to be a useful tool for human health risk assessment in the areas with these herbicide applications.

ACS Style

Katarína Bányiová; Pavel Čupr; Jiri Kohoutek. An experimentally refined tool to assess the risks of the human dermal exposure to herbicide chlorotoluron. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2015, 22, 10713 -10720.

AMA Style

Katarína Bányiová, Pavel Čupr, Jiri Kohoutek. An experimentally refined tool to assess the risks of the human dermal exposure to herbicide chlorotoluron. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2015; 22 (14):10713-10720.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Katarína Bányiová; Pavel Čupr; Jiri Kohoutek. 2015. "An experimentally refined tool to assess the risks of the human dermal exposure to herbicide chlorotoluron." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 22, no. 14: 10713-10720.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2014 in Atmospheric Environment
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Céline Degrendele; Krzysztof Okonski; Lisa Melymuk; Linda Landlová; Petr Kukucka; Pavel Čupr; Jana Klanova. Size specific distribution of the atmospheric particulate PCDD/Fs, dl-PCBs and PAHs on a seasonal scale: Implications for cancer risks from inhalation. Atmospheric Environment 2014, 98, 410 -416.

AMA Style

Céline Degrendele, Krzysztof Okonski, Lisa Melymuk, Linda Landlová, Petr Kukucka, Pavel Čupr, Jana Klanova. Size specific distribution of the atmospheric particulate PCDD/Fs, dl-PCBs and PAHs on a seasonal scale: Implications for cancer risks from inhalation. Atmospheric Environment. 2014; 98 ():410-416.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Céline Degrendele; Krzysztof Okonski; Lisa Melymuk; Linda Landlová; Petr Kukucka; Pavel Čupr; Jana Klanova. 2014. "Size specific distribution of the atmospheric particulate PCDD/Fs, dl-PCBs and PAHs on a seasonal scale: Implications for cancer risks from inhalation." Atmospheric Environment 98, no. : 410-416.

Journal article
Published: 21 November 2014 in Environmental Science & Technology
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This study investigates the distribution of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) and a group of novel flame retardants (NFRs) on atmospheric aerosols. Two high volume cascade impactors were used to collect particulate fractions of ambient air over a one year period at urban and rural sites. The majority of FRs were found on the finest aerosols (<0.95 μm). Concentrations of HBCD were higher than those of ΣPBDEs. Moreover, we noted seasonality and spatial differences in particle size distributions, yet a large portion of the observed differences were due to differences in particulate matter (PM) itself. When normalized by PM, the size distributions of the FRs exhibited much greater heterogeneity. Differences existed between the FR distributions by molecular weight, with the higher molecular weight FRs (e.g., BDE-209, Dechlorane Plus) distributed more uniformly across all particulate size fractions. The seasonal, spatial, and compound-specific differences are of crucial importance when estimating dry and wet deposition of FRs as smaller aerosols have longer atmospheric residence times. Estimated wet and dry deposition of four representative FRs (BDE-47, BDE-209, HBCD, and Dechlorane Plus) using size-segregated aerosol data resulted in lower deposition estimates than when bulk aerosol data were used. This has implications for estimates of long-range atmospheric transport and atmospheric residence times, as it suggests that without size-specific distributions, these parameters could be underestimated for FRs.

ACS Style

Krzysztof Okonski; Céline Degrendele; Lisa Melymuk; Linda Landlová; Petr Kukucka; Šimon Vojta; Jiří Kohoutek; Pavel Čupr; Jana Klanova. Particle Size Distribution of Halogenated Flame Retardants and Implications for Atmospheric Deposition and Transport. Environmental Science & Technology 2014, 48, 14426 -14434.

AMA Style

Krzysztof Okonski, Céline Degrendele, Lisa Melymuk, Linda Landlová, Petr Kukucka, Šimon Vojta, Jiří Kohoutek, Pavel Čupr, Jana Klanova. Particle Size Distribution of Halogenated Flame Retardants and Implications for Atmospheric Deposition and Transport. Environmental Science & Technology. 2014; 48 (24):14426-14434.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Krzysztof Okonski; Céline Degrendele; Lisa Melymuk; Linda Landlová; Petr Kukucka; Šimon Vojta; Jiří Kohoutek; Pavel Čupr; Jana Klanova. 2014. "Particle Size Distribution of Halogenated Flame Retardants and Implications for Atmospheric Deposition and Transport." Environmental Science & Technology 48, no. 24: 14426-14434.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2014 in Atmospheric Environment
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Ondřej Sáňka; Lisa Melymuk; Pavel Čupr; Alice Dvorská; Jana Klánová. Dispersion modeling of selected PAHs in urban air: A new approach combining dispersion model with GIS and passive air sampling. Atmospheric Environment 2014, 96, 88 -95.

AMA Style

Ondřej Sáňka, Lisa Melymuk, Pavel Čupr, Alice Dvorská, Jana Klánová. Dispersion modeling of selected PAHs in urban air: A new approach combining dispersion model with GIS and passive air sampling. Atmospheric Environment. 2014; 96 ():88-95.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ondřej Sáňka; Lisa Melymuk; Pavel Čupr; Alice Dvorská; Jana Klánová. 2014. "Dispersion modeling of selected PAHs in urban air: A new approach combining dispersion model with GIS and passive air sampling." Atmospheric Environment 96, no. : 88-95.

Review
Published: 01 May 2014 in Environment International
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Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) have been used in a wide range of agricultural and industrial commodities, resulting in vigorous deterioration of environment and human health. A number of studies on the occurrence of POPs confirm their presence in various environmental compartments and human body. In order to deal with this global concern, India has recently prepared the National Implementation Plan (NIP) of the Stockholm Convention. Common beliefs point at India as a hot spot of POP contamination and human exposure; however no systematic analysis was ever performed so far considering all available past data on POP occurrence. This review aims to examine the distribution pattern of POPs in multicompartment environment and human samples, meta-analysis of time trends in exposure levels to environment and humans, and cross country comparison of POP contamination with China. Based on this review, it can be concluded that the Indian environment and human population are highly contaminated by DDTs and HCHs; however scarcity of data on other POPs makes it challenging to assess their nationwide human and environmental exposure. No evidence of a general decline in DDT and HCH residues in the environment and human body come out from the meta-analysis of time trend. While comparing contamination levels between India and China, tendency towards decline in POP contamination is visible in China, unlike India.

ACS Style

Brij Mohan Sharma; Girija K. Bharat; Shresth Tayal; Luca Nizzetto; Pavel Čupr; Thorjørn Larssen. Environment and human exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in India: A systematic review of recent and historical data. Environment International 2014, 66, 48 -64.

AMA Style

Brij Mohan Sharma, Girija K. Bharat, Shresth Tayal, Luca Nizzetto, Pavel Čupr, Thorjørn Larssen. Environment and human exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in India: A systematic review of recent and historical data. Environment International. 2014; 66 ():48-64.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Brij Mohan Sharma; Girija K. Bharat; Shresth Tayal; Luca Nizzetto; Pavel Čupr; Thorjørn Larssen. 2014. "Environment and human exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in India: A systematic review of recent and historical data." Environment International 66, no. : 48-64.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2014 in Environmental Science and Pollution Research
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Atmospheric particulate matter (PM) abundance, mass size distribution (MSD) and chemical composition are parameters relevant for human health effects. The MSD and phase state of semivolatile organic pollutants were determined at various polluted sites in addition to the PM composition and MSD. The distribution pattern of pollutants varied from side to side in correspondence to main particle sources and PM composition. Levels of particle-associated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were 1–30 ng m−3 (corresponding to 15–35 % of the total, i.e., gas and particulate phase concentrations), of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were 2–11 pg m−3 (4–26 % of the total) and of DDT compounds were 2–12 pg m−3 (4–23 % of the total). The PM associated amounts of other organochlorine pesticides were too low for quantification. The organics were preferentially found associated with particles 0.95) were 73–90 %, 34–71 % and 36–81 % for PAHs, PCBs and DDT compounds, respectively. The finest particles fraction had the highest aerosol surface concentration (6.3–29.7)×10−6 cm−1 (44–70 % of the surface concentration of all size fractions). The data set was used to test gas-particle partitioning models for semivolatile organics for the first time in terms of the organics' MSD and size-dependent PM composition. The results of this study prove that at the various sites particles with diverse size, matrix composition, amount of contaminants and toxicological effects occur. Legislative regulation based on gravimetric determination of PM mass can clearly be insufficient for assessment.

ACS Style

Linda Landlová; Pavel Čupr; Juraj Francu; Jana Klanova; Gerhard Lammel. Composition and effects of inhalable size fractions of atmospheric aerosols in the polluted atmosphere: Part I. PAHs, PCBs and OCPs and the matrix chemical composition. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2014, 21, 6188 -6204.

AMA Style

Linda Landlová, Pavel Čupr, Juraj Francu, Jana Klanova, Gerhard Lammel. Composition and effects of inhalable size fractions of atmospheric aerosols in the polluted atmosphere: Part I. PAHs, PCBs and OCPs and the matrix chemical composition. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2014; 21 (9):6188-6204.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Linda Landlová; Pavel Čupr; Juraj Francu; Jana Klanova; Gerhard Lammel. 2014. "Composition and effects of inhalable size fractions of atmospheric aerosols in the polluted atmosphere: Part I. PAHs, PCBs and OCPs and the matrix chemical composition." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 21, no. 9: 6188-6204.