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BackgroundEthnic health disparities continue to widen in the UK. For example, UK black men have double the risk of prostate cancer compared with white men, and deprivation has a greater negative impact on men's health outcomes than on women's. Few culturally tailored health programmes have engaged minority men in the UK. Boyz2men (B2M) aimed to obtain a snapshot of self-reported health of ethnic minority boys and men and explore the feasibility and acceptability of health intervention activities among this population.MethodsB2M was cross-sectional, mixed-methods study, which was conducted in Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK, in 2017–18. All male individuals aged 16 years or older who had responded to community flyers, word-of-mouth invitations, social media, and other media, and who self-defined as being from a minority ethnic group, were included in the study. Self-reported questionnaire data (sociodemographic factors; GP attendance, health-related behaviours; and physical and mental conditions, such as cardiovascular diseases and depression) were supplemented by two focus groups. 26 healthy-eating, physical activity, and health empowerment sessions were planned. Six Black or Asian community health champions (CHCs) delivered and led evaluation of the sessions. Leeds Beckett University approved the study (ref:44443/51896) and all participants gave written informed consent.FindingsWe included 126 participants, of whom 42 were Black African, 38 were Black Caribbean, 40 were South Asian, and six were North African. Mean age of participants was 47 years (SD 17); 82 (65%) of the sample lived in neighbourhoods with the highest levels of deprivation, and 54 (43%) of the 126 men were unemployed. Black Caribbeans (17 [46%] of 37 participants, data were missing for one participant) and North Africans (four [67%] of six participants) were more likely to smoke than other groups (6–31%; p=0·006); Sikh men were more likely to drink alcohol (12 [71%] of 17 participants) than other groups (17–61%; p=0·001). Lunch was often skipped, and a third of the total sample exercised regularly. Two or more physical conditions were reported by 45 (36%) and at least one mental health problem by 15 (12%). Narratives around cutting down on smoking, concern about alcohol consumption, and time or pain as barriers to exercise emerged from the focus groups. Half of the planned sessions were not delivered because of issues such as difficulty securing venues. However, due to popularity, 12 further exercise sessions were provided in addition to the six planned, achieving 25 sessions in total. Barbershops and places of worship had potential for engaging men, but activities were not practical in all venues, and study personnel experienced challenges in building trust when working cross-culturally with respect to ethnicity or religion.InterpretationPeer-led health education in social spaces shows promise for health promotion among ethnic minority boys and men. Further surveys and intervention might contribute to policy and practice that responds to intersections between gender, ethnicity, and deprivation.FundingNHS Leeds North CCG Third Sector Health Grants 3.
Maria Maynard; Claude Hendrickson. Minority men's engagement with health promotion (Boyz2men): an exploratory cross-sectional study. The Lancet 2019, 394, S72 .
AMA StyleMaria Maynard, Claude Hendrickson. Minority men's engagement with health promotion (Boyz2men): an exploratory cross-sectional study. The Lancet. 2019; 394 ():S72.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria Maynard; Claude Hendrickson. 2019. "Minority men's engagement with health promotion (Boyz2men): an exploratory cross-sectional study." The Lancet 394, no. : S72.
(1) Background: Traditional foods are important in the diets of Black Africans and Caribbeans and, more widely, influence UK food culture. However, little is known about the nutritional status of these ethnic groups and the nutrient composition of their traditional foods. The aim was to identify and analyse African and Caribbean dishes, snacks and beverages popularly consumed in the UK for energy, macronutrients and micronutrients. (2) Methods: Various approaches including focus group discussions and 24-h dietary recalls were used to identify traditional dishes, snacks, and beverages. Defined criteria were used to prioritise and prepare 33 composite samples for nutrient analysis in a UK accredited laboratory. Quality assurance procedures and data verification were undertaken to ensure inclusion in the UK nutrient database. (3) Results: Energy content ranged from 60 kcal in Malta drink to 619 kcal in the shito sauce. Sucrose levels did not exceed the UK recommendation for adults and children. Most of the dishes contained negligible levels of trans fatty acid. The most abundant minerals were Na, K, Ca, Cu, Mn and Se whereas Mg, P, Fe and Zn were present in small amounts. (4) Conclusion: There was wide variation in the energy, macro- and micronutrients composition of the foods analysed.
Tanefa A. Apekey; June Copeman; Nichola H. Kime; Osama A. Tashani; Monia Kittaneh; Donna Walsh; Maria J. Maynard. Nutrient Composition of Popularly Consumed African and Caribbean Foods in The UK. Foods 2019, 8, 500 .
AMA StyleTanefa A. Apekey, June Copeman, Nichola H. Kime, Osama A. Tashani, Monia Kittaneh, Donna Walsh, Maria J. Maynard. Nutrient Composition of Popularly Consumed African and Caribbean Foods in The UK. Foods. 2019; 8 (10):500.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTanefa A. Apekey; June Copeman; Nichola H. Kime; Osama A. Tashani; Monia Kittaneh; Donna Walsh; Maria J. Maynard. 2019. "Nutrient Composition of Popularly Consumed African and Caribbean Foods in The UK." Foods 8, no. 10: 500.
Evidence on the relationship between fruit and vegetable consumption (FV) and mental health in adolescence is sparse and inconsistent. Social determinants of FV include ethnicity, family environments and economic disadvantage. We investigated the relationship between FV and mental health in the British multi-ethnic Determinants of Adolescents (now young Adult) Social well-being and Health (DASH) longitudinal study. A longitudinal study of 4683 adolescents living in London at age 11–13 years and followed up at 14–16 years. FV was measured using validated questions on the number of portions consumed daily. Mental health was measured by the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire as mean Total Difficulties Score (TDS) and by classification as a ‘probable clinical case’ (TDS > 17). Social measures included ethnicity, parenting and socioeconomic circumstances. Multilevel modelling was used to investigate the association between FV and mental health throughout adolescence. Low FV was common among adolescents, with approximately 60–70% of adolescents reporting < 5 portions/day and 20–30% reporting < 1 portion/day. In late adolescence, most ethnic minority groups reported lower FV than their White peers. In fully adjusted models, < 1 portion/day remained a significant correlate with mean TDS (Coef: 0.55, 0.29–0.81, P < 0.001) and TDS > 17 (Odds Ratio: 1.43, 1.11–1.85, P = 0.007). Gender- or ethnic-specific effects were not observed. Low parental care partly attenuated the association between FV and mental health. Low FV is a longitudinal correlate of poor mental health across adolescence. A focus on FV in parenting interventions could yield interrelated benefits across developmental outcomes given its importance to both physical and socioemotional health.
Peiyuan Huang; Majella O’Keeffe; Christelle Elia; Alexis Karamanos; Louise M. Goff; Maria Maynard; J. Kennedy Cruickshank; Seeromanie Harding. Fruit and vegetable consumption and mental health across adolescence: evidence from a diverse urban British cohort study. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity 2019, 16, 1 -13.
AMA StylePeiyuan Huang, Majella O’Keeffe, Christelle Elia, Alexis Karamanos, Louise M. Goff, Maria Maynard, J. Kennedy Cruickshank, Seeromanie Harding. Fruit and vegetable consumption and mental health across adolescence: evidence from a diverse urban British cohort study. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. 2019; 16 (1):1-13.
Chicago/Turabian StylePeiyuan Huang; Majella O’Keeffe; Christelle Elia; Alexis Karamanos; Louise M. Goff; Maria Maynard; J. Kennedy Cruickshank; Seeromanie Harding. 2019. "Fruit and vegetable consumption and mental health across adolescence: evidence from a diverse urban British cohort study." International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity 16, no. 1: 1-13.
Minority ethnic groups in UK disproportionately suffer from nutrition related diseases compared to the mainstream population, contributing to widening health inequalities. However, reliable nutrient composition data of the traditional foods of these ethnic groups, which play an important part in their diets, is lacking. This makes it impossible to provide adequate and culturally acceptable nutrition interventions to reduce prevalent metabolic disorders. This study aimed to identify and analyse popularly consumed African and Caribbean foods in the UK for macro and micronutrients. Various approaches including focus group discussions, individual interviews and 24 hr dietary recalls were used to identify traditional foods. Defined criteria were used to prioritise and prepare 33 composite samples (26 dishes, 4 snacks and 3 beverages) for nutrient analyses in a UK accredited laboratory. This study methodology is novel because it uses various approaches to generate new data of commonly consumed ethnic foods and traditional recipes. In addition, the approach used in preparation of the food samples enhanced their authenticity and representativeness compared to previously published work. This paper describes the procedures undertaken and analytical methods used to develop a multi ethnic nutrient data for inclusion in UK food composition tables.
T.A. Apekey; J. Copeman; N.H. Kime; O.A. Tashani; M. Kittana; D. Walsh; M.J. Maynard. Methods of producing new nutrient data for popularly consumed multi ethnic foods in the UK. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 2019, 78, 9 -18.
AMA StyleT.A. Apekey, J. Copeman, N.H. Kime, O.A. Tashani, M. Kittana, D. Walsh, M.J. Maynard. Methods of producing new nutrient data for popularly consumed multi ethnic foods in the UK. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis. 2019; 78 ():9-18.
Chicago/Turabian StyleT.A. Apekey; J. Copeman; N.H. Kime; O.A. Tashani; M. Kittana; D. Walsh; M.J. Maynard. 2019. "Methods of producing new nutrient data for popularly consumed multi ethnic foods in the UK." Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 78, no. : 9-18.
The aim of this current narrative review is to critique the scope and value of recent studies with a focus on obesity-related health promotion in faith organizations. Electronic database searches, scanning of the reference lists of identified articles, and hand searching of journals for articles written in English and published in 2013–2016 revealed 16 studies. Half of the studies involved African-Americans, in churches and with predominantly female participants. Research among other ethnic groups was more likely to be exploratory. All of the 11 studies reporting the impact of programmes on weight-related measures showed favourable outcomes. However, due to study limitations (small sample size, short duration, attrition), significant unbiased effects cannot yet be concluded for most of the interventions reviewed. Study strengths included application of theory in community engagement and detailed description of cultural tailoring. Faith organizations show promise as settings for obesity prevention among high-risk groups, particularly African-Americans. Support for progressing formative work to adequately powered, randomized controlled trials is vital. Wider involvement of diverse faith settings and targeting obesity in men and childhood would be valuable developments.
Maria J. Maynard. Faith-Based Institutions as Venues for Obesity Prevention. Current Obesity Reports 2017, 6, 148 -154.
AMA StyleMaria J. Maynard. Faith-Based Institutions as Venues for Obesity Prevention. Current Obesity Reports. 2017; 6 (2):148-154.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria J. Maynard. 2017. "Faith-Based Institutions as Venues for Obesity Prevention." Current Obesity Reports 6, no. 2: 148-154.
Small-scale, detailed exploration of the recruitment, assessment, and evaluation processes of obesity intervention among minority ethnic children. The study took place in schools and places of worship during 2008–2010 in London, UK. Measures included 3-day food diaries, 24 h dietary recalls, the Youth Physical Activity Questionnaire, accelerometry, and diet and physical activity self-efficacy questionnaires. Potential intervention components were evaluated via observation, questionnaires, and focus group discussions. Schools and places of worship that reflected the ethnic and religious diversity of inner city London populations (Hindus, Muslims and Christians) were targeted. Telephone invitations to 12 schools achieved recruitment of five schools (42% response); 181 invitations to 94 places of worship, recruited eight organisations (9%). Multi-strategy approaches were required to build relationships with faith organisations. Sixty-five children aged 8–13 years participated in the testing of measures. High completion rates were achieved for 24 h recalls, diet and PA self-efficacy questionnaires (ranging from 89% to 100%), with more consistent quality in schools. Dietary assessment highlighted inadequacies in composition data for minority ethnic foods. Intervention sessions were tested among 155 children in all five schools, and 33 children in a church, temple and mosque. Evaluation coverage was more consistent in these places of worship than in schools. Schools may logistically be more straightforward settings for delivery of interventions but, despite complex issues (engagement strategies; cultural foodways), places of worship provide opportunities for effective reach of children, families and communities. We suggest community based participatory research between researchers, schools and community organisations to harness culturally-specific support.
Maria Maynard; Graham Baker; Seeromanie Harding. Exploring childhood obesity prevention among diverse ethnic groups in schools and places of worship: Recruitment, acceptability and feasibility of data collection and intervention components. Preventive Medicine Reports 2017, 6, 130 -136.
AMA StyleMaria Maynard, Graham Baker, Seeromanie Harding. Exploring childhood obesity prevention among diverse ethnic groups in schools and places of worship: Recruitment, acceptability and feasibility of data collection and intervention components. Preventive Medicine Reports. 2017; 6 ():130-136.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria Maynard; Graham Baker; Seeromanie Harding. 2017. "Exploring childhood obesity prevention among diverse ethnic groups in schools and places of worship: Recruitment, acceptability and feasibility of data collection and intervention components." Preventive Medicine Reports 6, no. : 130-136.