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María E. Taboada
Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Procesos de Minerales, Universidad de Antofagasta, Av. Angamos 601, Antofagasta 1240000, Chile

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Journal article
Published: 26 May 2021 in Metals
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A study of the pretreatment stage and subsequent leaching of a mixed copper ore with different chloride solutions containing iron was carried out. The first stage considered pretreatment tests to decide the best conditions. Two levels of each factor were analyzed, 20 and 50 kg/t of NaCl, 17 and 25 kg/t of H2SO4, 0 and 25 kg/t of Fe2(SO4)3·9.2H2O, 0 and 25 kg/t of Fe2SO4·7H2O, and a curing time of 15 and 30 days. The results showed a significant effect of NaCl and curing time on the extraction, and less effect was found with the variation of acid and iron salts. The second stage included column leaching using a solution with 0.5 g/L of Cu+2, 80 g/L of Cl, 10 g/L of H2SO4, and variable concentrations of ferric and ferrous ions (0 and 2 g/L). The best copper extraction of 80.2% was found considering a pretreatment of 30 days, 25 kg/t of H2SO4, 50 kg/t of NaCl, and a leaching solution concentration described previously with 2 g/L of Fe+2. The results showed the leaching of all copper oxide species and 20% of the copper sulfide species. In addition, there was a reduction in the acid consumption as the resting time increases. Furthermore, to evaluate a possible decrease in time and acid in pretreatment and chloride in leaching, tests including 10 and 25 kg/t of H2SO4 and 1, 15, and 30 days of curing and a diminution of the NaCl concentration to 20 g/L (content from seawater) were executed. The results showed a significant effect on curing time below 15 days. Furthermore, the slight influence of the decrease of acid on copper extraction gives cost reduction opportunities. The diminution of chloride concentration (80 to 20 g/L) in leaching solution decreases the extraction from 79% to 66.5%. Finally, the Mellado leaching kinetic model was successfully implemented.

ACS Style

María Taboada; Pía Hernández; Aldo Padilla; Nathalie Jamett; Teófilo Graber. Effects of Fe+2 and Fe+3 in Pretreatment and Leaching on a Mixed Copper Ore in Chloride Media. Metals 2021, 11, 866 .

AMA Style

María Taboada, Pía Hernández, Aldo Padilla, Nathalie Jamett, Teófilo Graber. Effects of Fe+2 and Fe+3 in Pretreatment and Leaching on a Mixed Copper Ore in Chloride Media. Metals. 2021; 11 (6):866.

Chicago/Turabian Style

María Taboada; Pía Hernández; Aldo Padilla; Nathalie Jamett; Teófilo Graber. 2021. "Effects of Fe+2 and Fe+3 in Pretreatment and Leaching on a Mixed Copper Ore in Chloride Media." Metals 11, no. 6: 866.

Journal article
Published: 17 April 2020 in Metals
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An alternative copper concentrate leaching process using sodium nitrate and sulfuric acid diluted in seawater followed by gas scrubbing to recover the sodium nitrate has been evaluated. The work involved leaching test carried out under various condition by varying temperature, leaching time, particle size, and concentrations of NaNO3 and H2SO4. The amount of copper extracted from the chalcopyrite concentrate leached with seawater, 0.5 M of H2SO4 and 0.5 M of NaNO3 increased from 78% at room temperature to 91% at 45 °C in 96 h and 46 h of leaching, respectively. Gas scrubbing with the alkaline solution of NaOH was explored to recover part of the sodium nitrate. The dissolved salts were recovered by evaporation as sodium nitrate and sodium nitrite crystals.

ACS Style

César I. Castellón; Pía C. Hernández; Lilian Velásquez-Yévenes; María E. Taboada. An Alternative Process for Leaching Chalcopyrite Concentrate in Nitrate-Acid-Seawater Media with Oxidant Recovery. Metals 2020, 10, 518 .

AMA Style

César I. Castellón, Pía C. Hernández, Lilian Velásquez-Yévenes, María E. Taboada. An Alternative Process for Leaching Chalcopyrite Concentrate in Nitrate-Acid-Seawater Media with Oxidant Recovery. Metals. 2020; 10 (4):518.

Chicago/Turabian Style

César I. Castellón; Pía C. Hernández; Lilian Velásquez-Yévenes; María E. Taboada. 2020. "An Alternative Process for Leaching Chalcopyrite Concentrate in Nitrate-Acid-Seawater Media with Oxidant Recovery." Metals 10, no. 4: 518.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2018 in Minerals
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The leaching of copper from industrial copper ore with 4.8 wt % chalcopyrite by acidified nitrate with seawater based media was investigated. Water quality (pure water and seawater), temperature (25–70 °C), reagent concentration, and nitrate type (sodium and potassium) were studied variables. Leaching conditions were: 100 g ore/1 L solution; P80 of 62.5 µm; 400 rpm and leaching time, varying between 3 and 7 days. Nitrates in sulfuric acid are known to be good oxidants for sulfide ores. This study showed that up to 80 wt % copper could be extracted at 45 °C in 7 days. In the absence of nitrate, under the same leaching conditions, only a 28 wt % copper extraction was achievable. The extraction rate increased to 97.2 wt % when leach temperature was increased to 70 °C in nitrate-chloride-acid media. The presence of chloride ions also increased the copper extraction rate. The copper extraction achieved in seawater systems were higher than in water systems under the same leaching conditions (increased by an average of 18 wt %). This effect can be attributable to the contribution of chloride that increases proton (H+) activity.

ACS Style

Pía C. Hernández; María E. Taboada; Osvaldo O. Herreros; Teófilo A. Graber; Yousef Ghorbani. Leaching of Chalcopyrite in Acidified Nitrate Using Seawater-Based Media. Minerals 2018, 8, 238 .

AMA Style

Pía C. Hernández, María E. Taboada, Osvaldo O. Herreros, Teófilo A. Graber, Yousef Ghorbani. Leaching of Chalcopyrite in Acidified Nitrate Using Seawater-Based Media. Minerals. 2018; 8 (6):238.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pía C. Hernández; María E. Taboada; Osvaldo O. Herreros; Teófilo A. Graber; Yousef Ghorbani. 2018. "Leaching of Chalcopyrite in Acidified Nitrate Using Seawater-Based Media." Minerals 8, no. 6: 238.

Journal article
Published: 21 December 2017 in Minerals
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The aim of this study was to improve the dissolution of copper sulfide ore composed mainly of chalcopyrite (1.21 wt %) and bornite (0.54 wt %) using a pretreatment before leaching. The effect of the pretreatment on copper sulfide dissolution was investigated using different types of leaching. Three sets of experimental tests were performed (flask, reactor and mini-column). Using experimental design, three operational variables in the ore pretreatment were evaluated: chloride concentration (20, 50 and 90 kg/t), repose time (7, 20 and 40 days) and repose temperature (20 and 50 °C). A maximum of 93% copper dissolution was obtained when the ore was treated with 90 kg Cl−/t ore, 40 d of repose time and 50 °C in flask leaching. Without any ore pretreatment, 53% copper dissolution was achieved. Using reactor leaching, an 85% copper dissolution was obtained using pretreatment stage. Without this pretreatment, only 55% copper dissolution was obtained. The final test, which involved leaching a pretreated ore in a mini-column at room temperature, yielded 49% copper dissolution. The data showed that repose time and temperature were the most important variables affecting copper extraction in the pretreatment stage. This study indicates that pretreatment has a positive effect on copper dissolution from primary copper sulfide ore in an acid-chloride medium. It also provides a feasible alternative for treating primary copper sulfide ores at the industrial level.

ACS Style

Cecilia P. Cerda; María E. Taboada; Nathalie E. Jamett; Yousef Ghorbani; Pía C. Hernández. Effect of Pretreatment on Leaching Primary Copper Sulfide in Acid-Chloride Media. Minerals 2017, 8, 1 .

AMA Style

Cecilia P. Cerda, María E. Taboada, Nathalie E. Jamett, Yousef Ghorbani, Pía C. Hernández. Effect of Pretreatment on Leaching Primary Copper Sulfide in Acid-Chloride Media. Minerals. 2017; 8 (1):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cecilia P. Cerda; María E. Taboada; Nathalie E. Jamett; Yousef Ghorbani; Pía C. Hernández. 2017. "Effect of Pretreatment on Leaching Primary Copper Sulfide in Acid-Chloride Media." Minerals 8, no. 1: 1.

Article
Published: 06 November 2017 in Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A
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This article presents the results on speciation of ferric iron generated by the dissolution of chemical reagent hydromolysite (ferric chloride hexahydrate, FeCl3:6H2O) in water at 298.15 K, 313.15 K, and 333.15 K (25 °C, 40 °C, and 60 °C). Experiments were performed with a thermoregulated system up to the equilibrium point, as manifested by solution pH. Solution samples were analyzed in terms of concentration, pH, and electrical conductivity. Measurements of density and refractive index were obtained at different temperatures and iron concentrations. A decrease of pH was observed with the increase in the amount of dissolved iron, indicating that ferric chloride is a strong electrolyte that reacts readily with water. Experimental results were modeled using the hydrogeochemical code PHREEQC in order to obtain solution speciation. Cations and neutral and anion complexes were simultaneously present in the system at the studied conditions according to model simulations, where dominant species included Cl−, FeCl2+, FeCl2 +, FeOHCl 02 , and H+. A decrease in the concentration of Cl− and Fe3+ ions took place with increasing temperature due to the association of Fe-Cl species. Standard equilibrium constants for the formation of FeOHCl 02 obtained in this study were log \( K_{f}^{0} \) = −0.8 ± 0.01 at 298.15 K (25 °C), −0.94 ± 0.02 at 313.15 K (40 °C), and −1.03 ± 0.01 at 333.15 K (60 °C).

ACS Style

Nathalie E. Jamett; Pía C. Hernández; Jesús M. Casas; María E. Taboada. Speciation in the Fe(III)-Cl(I)-H2O System at 298.15 K, 313.15 K, and 333.15 K (25 °C, 40 °C, and 60 °C). Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 2017, 49, 451 -459.

AMA Style

Nathalie E. Jamett, Pía C. Hernández, Jesús M. Casas, María E. Taboada. Speciation in the Fe(III)-Cl(I)-H2O System at 298.15 K, 313.15 K, and 333.15 K (25 °C, 40 °C, and 60 °C). Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A. 2017; 49 (1):451-459.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nathalie E. Jamett; Pía C. Hernández; Jesús M. Casas; María E. Taboada. 2017. "Speciation in the Fe(III)-Cl(I)-H2O System at 298.15 K, 313.15 K, and 333.15 K (25 °C, 40 °C, and 60 °C)." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 49, no. 1: 451-459.

Journal article
Published: 11 September 2015 in Hydrometallurgy
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Due to water shortages and depletion of both surface water and underground aquifers, seawater is now used increasingly in the mining industry in northern Chile as a main alternative water resource. In this paper, the use of seawater in leaching of the chalcopyrite ore samples with copper grade of 1.6% in acidic media is investigated. Different leach solutions were prepared using different acids (H2SO4, HCl and HNO3) with and without seawater. Cupric chloride and ferric chloride were added as oxidant in the leaching process. Leaching tests were conducted in the agitated leaching reactors with 400 RPM using 100 g of the representative ore sample and 1 L of leach solution at 45 °C, with duration of 7 days. The ore was ground to P80 of 62.5 μm. The maximum copper extraction of 37.7% was obtained in the test performed using hydrochloric acid in the seawater-based media and in the presence of cupric chloride. In the leaching test conducted using sulfuric acid in the seawater-based media and in the presence of sodium chloride and cupric chloride, the maximum copper recovery of 34.2% obtained. In all of the different designed leaching approaches, the highest copper extraction was obtained in the tests performed with addition of the cupric ions (Cu2 +). In general, copper extraction in the leaching tests performed using seawater-based acidic media, were higher than those conducted in the pure water-based leaching media. Only exceptions observed when chloride ions (sodium chloride) were added externally. This indicated the importance of chloride ions presence in the leach solution.

ACS Style

P.C. Hernández; M.E. Taboada; O.O. Herreros; C.M. Torres; Y. Ghorbani. Chalcopyrite dissolution using seawater-based acidic media in the presence of oxidants. Hydrometallurgy 2015, 157, 325 -332.

AMA Style

P.C. Hernández, M.E. Taboada, O.O. Herreros, C.M. Torres, Y. Ghorbani. Chalcopyrite dissolution using seawater-based acidic media in the presence of oxidants. Hydrometallurgy. 2015; 157 ():325-332.

Chicago/Turabian Style

P.C. Hernández; M.E. Taboada; O.O. Herreros; C.M. Torres; Y. Ghorbani. 2015. "Chalcopyrite dissolution using seawater-based acidic media in the presence of oxidants." Hydrometallurgy 157, no. : 325-332.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2015 in Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering
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In Chile, the most important economic activity is mining, concentrated in the north of the country. This is a desert region with limited water resources; therefore, the mining sector requires research and identification of alternative sources of water. One alternative is seawater, which can be a substitute of the limited fresh water resources in the region. This work determines the influence of seawater on the solid-liquid equilibrium for acid solutions of copper sulfate at different temperatures (293.15 to 318.15 K), and its effect on physical properties (density, viscosity, and solubility). Knowledge of these properties and solubility data are useful in the leaching process and in the design of copper sulfate pentahydrate crystallization plants from the leaching process using seawater by means of the addition of sulfuric acid.

ACS Style

Francisca Justel; M. Claros; M. E. Taboada. SOLUBILITIES AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SATURATED SOLUTIONS IN THE COPPER SULFATE + SULFURIC ACID + SEAWATER SYSTEM AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES. Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering 2015, 32, 629 -635.

AMA Style

Francisca Justel, M. Claros, M. E. Taboada. SOLUBILITIES AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SATURATED SOLUTIONS IN THE COPPER SULFATE + SULFURIC ACID + SEAWATER SYSTEM AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES. Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering. 2015; 32 (3):629-635.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Francisca Justel; M. Claros; M. E. Taboada. 2015. "SOLUBILITIES AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SATURATED SOLUTIONS IN THE COPPER SULFATE + SULFURIC ACID + SEAWATER SYSTEM AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES." Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering 32, no. 3: 629-635.