Plant-associated microbes may induce plant defenses against herbivores. Plants, in turn, can attract natural enemies, such as predators, using herbivore-induced plant volatiles. Intricate communication occurs between microorganisms, plants, and insects. Given that many aspects related to mechanisms involved in this symbiotic system remain unknown, we evaluated how beneficial soil-borne microorganisms can affect the interactions between plants, herbivores, and natural enemies. For this study, we established a multitrophic system composed of the predatory earwig Doru luteipes (Dermaptera: Forficulidae), arugula (Eruca sativa, Brassicaceae) as the host plant, Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) larvae as a specialist herbivore, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae as a generalist herbivore, and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens as the plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), in a series of nocturnal olfactometry experiments. By assessing earwig preference towards herbivore-induced and PGPR-inoculated plants in different combinations, we showed that the interaction between rhizobacteria, plants, and herbivores can affect the predatory earwig’s behavior. Furthermore, we observed a synergistic effect in which earwigs were attracted by plants that presented as PGPR inoculated and herbivore damaged, for both specialist and generalist herbivores. Our findings help fill the important knowledge gap regarding multitrophic interactions and should provide useful guidelines for their application to agricultural fields.

Dentre as doenças fúngicas da videira, merece destaque a mancha-da-folha causada por Pseudocercospora vitis. As condições favoráveis ao desenvolvimento da mancha-da-folha ainda não foram totalmente determinadas. Sabe-se que a formação de conídios ocorre sob condições de alta umidade e são disseminados pela ação do vento, iniciando novas infecções. Para aumentar o conhecimento sobre a produção, germinação e infecção do patógeno foram realizados três experimentos. No primeiro experimento, avaliou-se a produção de esporos de P. vitis, nos meios de cultura: BDA (batata-ágar-dextrose); BDA+Leite de coco (5%); BDA+extrato de uva cv. Isabel (5%); ST (suco de tomate-carbonato de cálcio-ágar); ST+leite de coco (5%); ST+extrato de uva cv. Isabel (5%). Houve esporulação em todos os meios testados e diferentes períodos de incubação. No segundo experimento, verificou-se que a temperatura de 25 °C propiciou maior porcentagem de conídios germinados e que houve maior germinação na ausência de luz. No terceiro experimento observou-se que a temperatura de 20 °C propiciou maior severidade da mancha-da-folha em mudas de videiras, após 48 horas de incubação no escuro.

BACKGROUND Sociodemographic variables may impact decision making regarding safety measures. The use and selection of adequate face masks is a safety and health measure that could help minimize the spread of COVID-19 infection. OBJECTIVE This study aims to examine sociodemographic variables and factors relating to COVID-19 that could impact decision making or the choice to use or not use face masks in the prevention and care of a possible COVID-19 infection among a large sample of younger and older Brazilian people. METHODS An online survey composed of 14 closed-ended questions about sociodemographic variables and COVID-19 was used. A total of 2673 participants consisted of Brazilian people (aged ≥18 years) from different states of Brazil and were grouped according to age (≤59 years and ≥60 years). To compare the variables of interest (associated with wearing a face mask or not), chi-square and likelihood ratio tests were used (with P<.05 being significant). RESULTS Most of the participants in both groups were women from the southeast region who had postgraduate degrees. Approximately 61% (1452/2378) of individuals aged ≤59 years and 67.8% (200/295) of those aged ≥60 years were not health professionals. In the group aged ≤59 years, 83.4% (1983/2378) did not show COVID-19 signs and symptoms, and 97.3% (2314/2378) were not diagnosed with COVID-19. In the older adult group, 92.5% (273/295) did not show signs and symptoms of COVID-19, and 98.3% (290/295) were not diagnosed with the disease. The majority of the participants in both groups reported using face masks, and their decision to use face masks was influenced by the level of education and their occupation as a health professional. CONCLUSIONS Younger and older adults have worn face masks during the COVID-19 outbreak. It is difficult to measure how much of a positive impact this attitude, habit, and behavior could have on the degree of infection and spread of the disease. However, it can be a positive indicator of adherence to the population’s security and safety measures during the pandemic.

Journal of Medical Internet Research - International Scientific Journal for Medical Research, Information and Communication on the Internet #Preprint #PeerReviewMe: Warning: This is a unreviewed preprint. Readers are warned that the document has not been peer-reviewed by expert/patient reviewers or an academic editor, may contain misleading claims, and is likely to undergo changes before final publication, if accepted, or may have been rejected/withdrawn. Readers with interest and expertise are encouraged to sign up as peer-reviewer, if the paper is within an open peer-review period. Please cite this preprint only for review purposes or for grant applications and CVs (if you are the author). Background: Knowledge of sociodemographic variables and health behaviors may impact public and authority’s health decisions. The use of a face mask helps to decrease the spread of the COVID-19 Objective: Our aim was to present the profile of sociodemographic variables and face mask use and characteristics of COVID-19 among young and older adults Methods: An online Google survey was applied. Our sample (n=2,673) consisted of a Brazilian sample (≥ 18 years) from different regions Results: Most respondents, from groups ≤59 and ≥ 60 years were, respectively women, from Southeast region, and postgraduate. For groups ≤59 and ≥ 60 years, respectively, 83.4% and 92.5% no experienced symptoms and 97.3% and 98.3% no have a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19; and 61.1% and 67.8% was not health professional. Majority of the participants, for both groups, reported the use of face masks that was sig-nificantly influenced by sex, level of education, and whether the participant was a health professional or not Conclusions: Young and older adults reported wearing masks during the pandemic. However, it is difficult to measure how much this could have an impact on the degree of infection and spread by the virus. Clinical Trial: -

Vieira Navás, 1913 is a small genus of green lacewings of the Neotropical region with 5 recognized species. One species, Vieira flinti Sosa & Tauber, 2017, was recently described from Venezuela and northeastern Brazil. In this study, we record V. flinti for the first time in the states of São Paulo (at Piracicaba) and Mato Grosso do Sul (at Campo Grande) in the Southeast and Midwest regions of Brazil, respectively. Photographs and a distribution map are provided.