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Shuai Pan
School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA

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Communication
Published: 30 August 2020 in Sustainability
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The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected human health and the economy. The implementation of social distancing practices to combat the virus spread, however, has led to a notable improvement in air quality. This study compared the surface air quality monitoring data from the United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA)’s AirNow network during the period 20 March–5 May in 2020 to those in 2015–2019 from the Air Quality System (AQS) network over the state of California. The results indicated changes in fine particulate matter (PM2.5) of −2.04 ± 1.57 μg m−3 and ozone of −3.07 ± 2.86 ppb. If the air quality improvements persist over a year, it could potentially lead to 3970–8900 prevented premature deaths annually (note: the estimates of prevented premature deaths have large uncertainties). Public transit demand showed dramatic declines (~80%). The pandemic provides an opportunity to exhibit how substantially human behavior could impact on air quality. To address both the pandemic and climate change issues, better strategies are needed to affect behavior, such as ensuring safer shared mobility, the higher adoption of telecommuting, automation in the freight sector, and cleaner energy transition.

ACS Style

Shuai Pan; Jia Jung; Zitian Li; Xuewei Hou; Anirban Roy; Yunsoo Choi; H. Gao. Air Quality Implications of COVID-19 in California. Sustainability 2020, 12, 7067 .

AMA Style

Shuai Pan, Jia Jung, Zitian Li, Xuewei Hou, Anirban Roy, Yunsoo Choi, H. Gao. Air Quality Implications of COVID-19 in California. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (17):7067.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shuai Pan; Jia Jung; Zitian Li; Xuewei Hou; Anirban Roy; Yunsoo Choi; H. Gao. 2020. "Air Quality Implications of COVID-19 in California." Sustainability 12, no. 17: 7067.

Journal article
Published: 24 March 2019 in Atmospheric Environment
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Significant emissions from transportation contribute to the formation of O3 and fine particulate matter (PM2.5), causing poor air quality and health. In this study, four scenarios were developed to understand how future fleet electrification and turnover of both gasoline and diesel vehicles affect air quality and health in the Houston Metropolitan area. These scenarios considered increased vehicle activity and various configurations of emissions controls. Comparing to a base year of 2013, model predictions for 2040 indicated a ∼50% emissions increase in the Business As Usual (BAU) case, and ∼50%, ∼75%, and ∼95% reductions in the three distinct emissions control cases, the Moderate Electrification (ME), Aggressive Electrification (AE), and Complete Turnover (CT) cases, respectively. Each modeling scenario was conducted using a high-resolution (1 km) WRF-SMOKE-CMAQ-BenMAP air quality and health modeling framework, which helped capture urban features in higher detail. The emissions control cases resulted in 1–4 ppb maximum 8 h O3 increase along highways and reductions both in the regions enclosed by the highways and those downwind. Simulated PM2.5 concentrations decreased between 0.5 and 2 μg m−3. Health impact results suggest that increased O3 and PM2.5 concentrations from the BAU case will lead to 122 additional premature deaths with respect to 2013. However, reduced emissions for the control cases (ME, AE, CT) will prevent 114–246 premature deaths. Additionally, about 7,500 asthma exacerbation and 5,500 school loss days will be prevented in the ME case, benefiting younger individuals. The economic benefits generally followed the same trends as health impacts. The analysis framework developed in this study can be applied to other metropolitan areas. The effects of motor vehicle electrification on power plant emissions were estimated using the Argonne National Laboratory's Autonomie data, and indicated the electrification load to be negligible as opposed to projected electricity generation.

ACS Style

Shuai Pan; Anirban Roy; Yunsoo Choi; Ebrahim Eslami; Stephanie Thomas; Xiangyu Jiang; H. Oliver Gao. Potential impacts of electric vehicles on air quality and health endpoints in the Greater Houston Area in 2040. Atmospheric Environment 2019, 207, 38 -51.

AMA Style

Shuai Pan, Anirban Roy, Yunsoo Choi, Ebrahim Eslami, Stephanie Thomas, Xiangyu Jiang, H. Oliver Gao. Potential impacts of electric vehicles on air quality and health endpoints in the Greater Houston Area in 2040. Atmospheric Environment. 2019; 207 ():38-51.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shuai Pan; Anirban Roy; Yunsoo Choi; Ebrahim Eslami; Stephanie Thomas; Xiangyu Jiang; H. Oliver Gao. 2019. "Potential impacts of electric vehicles on air quality and health endpoints in the Greater Houston Area in 2040." Atmospheric Environment 207, no. : 38-51.