Lighting condition is essential to human performance. With the widespread use of computer-based learning, the performance measurements become difficult, and the effects of artificial lighting conditions towards the new learning forms are not investigated extensively. The current study conducts a subject-within experiment with a 45-min-long online learning along with electroencephalogram (EEG)-based measurements, and a post-interview under five lighting setups respectively (300 lx, 3000 K; 300 lx, 4000 K; 300 lx, 6500 K; 500 lx, 4000 K; 1000 lx, 4000 K). Attention is chosen as the key factor to represent the learning performance. The results show that the attention of people aged in the 20s is not affected by the experimental lighting conditions. The results also demonstrate that people in high illumination at 1000 lx are more inclined to sustain attention despite the discomfort and dissatisfaction. Taking the EEG-based attention measurements and post-interview answers into consideration, lighting conditions at 300 lx, 4000 K are the recommended set points for university architectures among the investigated conditions, providing a practical basis when adjusting the lighting standard for its advantage in energy saving.