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Zhangkai Cheng
State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China

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Review
Published: 05 August 2021 in Vaccines
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Vaccines are a crucial part of the global anti-pandemic effort against COVID-19. The effects of vaccines, as well as their common influencing factors, are the most important issues that we should focus on at this time. To this end, we review statistics on immunogenicity after vaccination, using neutralizing antibodies as the main reference index. Age, infection history, and virus variants are compared, and vaccination program recommendations are made accordingly. Suggestions are made to address concerns raised by the vaccines’ shortened development cycle, as well as the emergence of immunity escape of viral variants. Finally, a brief description and future prospects are provided based on the principle of the ADE effect and previous experience with similar viruses.

ACS Style

Zhangkai Cheng; Mingshan Xue; Peiyan Zheng; Jiali Lyu; Zhiqing Zhan; Haisheng Hu; Yong Zhang; Xiaohua Zhang; Baoqing Sun. Factors Affecting the Antibody Immunogenicity of Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2: A Focused Review. Vaccines 2021, 9, 869 .

AMA Style

Zhangkai Cheng, Mingshan Xue, Peiyan Zheng, Jiali Lyu, Zhiqing Zhan, Haisheng Hu, Yong Zhang, Xiaohua Zhang, Baoqing Sun. Factors Affecting the Antibody Immunogenicity of Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2: A Focused Review. Vaccines. 2021; 9 (8):869.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhangkai Cheng; Mingshan Xue; Peiyan Zheng; Jiali Lyu; Zhiqing Zhan; Haisheng Hu; Yong Zhang; Xiaohua Zhang; Baoqing Sun. 2021. "Factors Affecting the Antibody Immunogenicity of Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2: A Focused Review." Vaccines 9, no. 8: 869.

Journal article
Published: 03 May 2021 in JMIR Public Health and Surveillance
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Background Beekeeping and honey gathering are traditional forms of agricultural farming in China. However, only few studies have focused on the nutritional status and health level of this special occupational group. Objective By comparing the health status of apiculturists (beekeepers) and vegetable farmers in plain areas of Hubei Province, and analyzing the influence of dietary structure and intake on their nutritional level, this paper provides a scientific theoretical basis for the further development of health education and disease prevention for beekeepers. Methods From February to April 2016, 191/236 beekeepers (80.9% of the total beekeepers) with large-scale breeding (300-500 colonies) and 182 vegetable farmers in the same area were sampled by the cluster sampling method. Their nutrient composition was analyzed using a human body composition analyzer, dietary structure information was collected using the dietary frequency query method, and cognitive function was investigated. In addition, blood samples of both groups were collected. Results A total of 362 valid questionnaires (beekeepers/vegetable farmers: 185/177) were collected, with an effective response rate of 97.1% (362/373). Both beekeepers and vegetable farmers were overweight, and the beekeepers’ grip strength was much stronger than that of the vegetable farmers’ regardless of gender. The dietary structure of beekeepers is very unique: 29.7% (55/185) of beekeepers indicated consuming royal jelly regularly for more than 10 years. Their main foods are grain, cereals, and fresh vegetables; 68.1% (126/185) of the beekeepers never drank milk and other dairy products, and their overall nutrient intake is unbalanced. The average intake of cellulose in this group was also significantly higher than that in the epidemiological survey in the same sex and age group. The intake of vitamin A and selenium in the beekeepers group was significantly higher than that in the vegetable-farmers group (all P<.001). The blood indices of creatinine (P=.03) and blood copper (P<.001) in the beekeepers group were significantly higher than those in the vegetable-farmers group, and the total protein, albumin, calcium, sodium, potassium, phosphorus, folic acid, and vitamin B12 in the beekeepers group were significantly lower than those in the vegetable-farmers group (P<.03 for potassium and P<.001 for others). The total Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score of the beekeepers group was 28.1, significantly higher (P=.006) than that of the vegetable-farmers group (23.3). Conclusions The beekeepers in this area have their special dietary structure, body nutrient level, and disease characteristics. The cognitive level of the beekeepers who regularly consume royal jelly is significantly higher than that of their peers. The chronic diseases of this special occupational group are closely related to their lifestyle and nutritional status, so more attention and in-depth studies are needed to improve the quality of life of this population.

ACS Style

Boshi Wang; Zhangkai Jason Cheng; Qian Xu; Tiangang Zhu; Lin Su; Mingshan Xue; Lin Pei; Li Zhu; Peng Liu. Dietary Structure and Nutritional Status of Chinese Beekeepers: Demographic Health Survey. JMIR Public Health and Surveillance 2021, 7, e28726 .

AMA Style

Boshi Wang, Zhangkai Jason Cheng, Qian Xu, Tiangang Zhu, Lin Su, Mingshan Xue, Lin Pei, Li Zhu, Peng Liu. Dietary Structure and Nutritional Status of Chinese Beekeepers: Demographic Health Survey. JMIR Public Health and Surveillance. 2021; 7 (5):e28726.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Boshi Wang; Zhangkai Jason Cheng; Qian Xu; Tiangang Zhu; Lin Su; Mingshan Xue; Lin Pei; Li Zhu; Peng Liu. 2021. "Dietary Structure and Nutritional Status of Chinese Beekeepers: Demographic Health Survey." JMIR Public Health and Surveillance 7, no. 5: e28726.

Journal article
Published: 09 April 2021 in Biomedical Physics & Engineering Express
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ACS Style

Zhangkai Cheng; Regina Bromley; Brad M Oborn; Jeremy Todd Booth. Radiotherapy dose calculations in high-Z materials: comprehensive comparison between experiment, Monte Carlo, and conventional planning algorithms. Biomedical Physics & Engineering Express 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Zhangkai Cheng, Regina Bromley, Brad M Oborn, Jeremy Todd Booth. Radiotherapy dose calculations in high-Z materials: comprehensive comparison between experiment, Monte Carlo, and conventional planning algorithms. Biomedical Physics & Engineering Express. 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhangkai Cheng; Regina Bromley; Brad M Oborn; Jeremy Todd Booth. 2021. "Radiotherapy dose calculations in high-Z materials: comprehensive comparison between experiment, Monte Carlo, and conventional planning algorithms." Biomedical Physics & Engineering Express , no. : 1.

Preprint content
Published: 11 March 2021
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BACKGROUND Beekeeping and honey gathering are traditional forms of agricultural farming in China. However, only few studies have focused on the nutritional status and health level of this special occupational group. OBJECTIVE By comparing the health status of apiculturists (beekeepers) and vegetable farmers in plain areas of Hubei Province, and analyzing the influence of dietary structure and intake on their nutritional level, this paper provides a scientific theoretical basis for the further development of health education and disease prevention for beekeepers. METHODS From February to April 2016, 191/236 beekeepers (80.9% of the total beekeepers) with large-scale breeding (300-500 colonies) and 182 vegetable farmers in the same area were sampled by the cluster sampling method. Their nutrient composition was analyzed using a human body composition analyzer, dietary structure information was collected using the dietary frequency query method, and cognitive function was investigated. In addition, blood samples of both groups were collected. RESULTS A total of 362 valid questionnaires (beekeepers/vegetable farmers: 185/177) were collected, with an effective response rate of 97.1% (362/373). Both beekeepers and vegetable farmers were overweight, and the beekeepers’ grip strength was much stronger than that of the vegetable farmers’ regardless of gender. The dietary structure of beekeepers is very unique: 29.7% (55/185) of beekeepers indicated consuming royal jelly regularly for more than 10 years. Their main foods are grain, cereals, and fresh vegetables; 68.1% (126/185) of the beekeepers never drank milk and other dairy products, and their overall nutrient intake is unbalanced. The average intake of cellulose in this group was also significantly higher than that in the epidemiological survey in the same sex and age group. The intake of vitamin A and selenium in the beekeepers group was significantly higher than that in the vegetable-farmers group (all P<.001). The blood indices of creatinine (P=.03) and blood copper (P<.001) in the beekeepers group were significantly higher than those in the vegetable-farmers group, and the total protein, albumin, calcium, sodium, potassium, phosphorus, folic acid, and vitamin B12 in the beekeepers group were significantly lower than those in the vegetable-farmers group (P<.03 for potassium and P<.001 for others). The total Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score of the beekeepers group was 28.1, significantly higher (P=.006) than that of the vegetable-farmers group (23.3). CONCLUSIONS The beekeepers in this area have their special dietary structure, body nutrient level, and disease characteristics. The cognitive level of the beekeepers who regularly consume royal jelly is significantly higher than that of their peers. The chronic diseases of this special occupational group are closely related to their lifestyle and nutritional status, so more attention and in-depth studies are needed to improve the quality of life of this population.

ACS Style

Boshi Wang; Zhangkai Jason Cheng; Qian Xu; Tiangang Zhu; Lin Su; Mingshan Xue; Lin Pei; Li Zhu; Peng Liu. Dietary Structure and Nutritional Status of Chinese Beekeepers: Demographic Health Survey (Preprint). 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Boshi Wang, Zhangkai Jason Cheng, Qian Xu, Tiangang Zhu, Lin Su, Mingshan Xue, Lin Pei, Li Zhu, Peng Liu. Dietary Structure and Nutritional Status of Chinese Beekeepers: Demographic Health Survey (Preprint). . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Boshi Wang; Zhangkai Jason Cheng; Qian Xu; Tiangang Zhu; Lin Su; Mingshan Xue; Lin Pei; Li Zhu; Peng Liu. 2021. "Dietary Structure and Nutritional Status of Chinese Beekeepers: Demographic Health Survey (Preprint)." , no. : 1.

Preprint content
Published: 06 February 2021
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BACKGROUND Despite spinal metastases accounting for 10% to 30% of new tumors diagnoses annually, and radiation therapy is a standard treatment technique, the studies discussing the effects of small-size spinal prostheses on spinal radiation therapy are limited. OBJECTIVE To compare the accuracies of the AAA and AcurosXB dose calculation algorithms and to predict the change in the down-stream and lateral dose deposition of high energy photons in the presence of material with densities higher that commonly found in the body. METHODS Metal rods of titanium (d =4.5g/m2), stainless steel (d=8g/cm2) and tungsten (d=19.25 g/cm2) were positioned in a phantom. Film was position behind and laterally to the rods to measure the dose distribution for a 6 MV, 18 MV and 10 FFF photon beams. A DOSXYZnrc Monte Carlo simulation of the experimental setup was performed The AAA and AcurosXB dose calculation algorithms were used to predict the dose distributions. The dose from film and DOSXYZnrc were compared with the dose predicted by AAA and AcurosXB. RESULTS AAA overestimated the dose behind the rods by 15-25% and underestimated the dose laterally to the rods by 5-15% depending on the range of materials and energies investigated. AcurosXB overestimated the dose behind the rods by 1-18% and underestimated the dose laterally to the rods by up to 5% depending on the range of material and energies investigated. CONCLUSIONS AAA cannot deliver clinically acceptable dose calculation results at a distance less than 10 mm from metals, for a single field treatment. Acuros XB is able to handle metals of low atomic numbers (Z ≤ 26), but not tungsten (Z = 74). This can be due to the restriction of the CT-density table in EclipseTM TPS, which has an upper HU limit of 10501.

ACS Style

Zhangkai Cheng; Regina Bromley; Brad Oborn; Jeremy Booth. Radiotherapy dose calculations in high-Z materials: comprehensive comparison between experiment, Monte Carlo, and conventional planning algorithms (Preprint). 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Zhangkai Cheng, Regina Bromley, Brad Oborn, Jeremy Booth. Radiotherapy dose calculations in high-Z materials: comprehensive comparison between experiment, Monte Carlo, and conventional planning algorithms (Preprint). . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhangkai Cheng; Regina Bromley; Brad Oborn; Jeremy Booth. 2021. "Radiotherapy dose calculations in high-Z materials: comprehensive comparison between experiment, Monte Carlo, and conventional planning algorithms (Preprint)." , no. : 1.

Review
Published: 29 October 2020 in Viruses
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There is a current pandemic of a new type of coronavirus, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The number of confirmed infected cases has been rapidly increasing. This paper analyzes the characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 in comparison with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and influenza. COVID-19 is similar to the diseases caused by SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV virologically and etiologically, but closer to influenza in epidemiology and virulence. The comparison provides a new perspective for the future of the disease control, and offers some ideas in the prevention and control management strategy. The large number of infectious people from the origin, and the highly infectious and occult nature have been two major problems, making the virus difficult to eradicate. We thus need to contemplate the possibility of long-term co-existence with COVID-19.

ACS Style

Zhangkai J. Cheng; Hui-Qi Qu; Lifeng Tian; Zhifeng Duan; Hakon Hakonarson. COVID-19: Look to the Future, Learn from the Past. Viruses 2020, 12, 1226 .

AMA Style

Zhangkai J. Cheng, Hui-Qi Qu, Lifeng Tian, Zhifeng Duan, Hakon Hakonarson. COVID-19: Look to the Future, Learn from the Past. Viruses. 2020; 12 (11):1226.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhangkai J. Cheng; Hui-Qi Qu; Lifeng Tian; Zhifeng Duan; Hakon Hakonarson. 2020. "COVID-19: Look to the Future, Learn from the Past." Viruses 12, no. 11: 1226.

Journal article
Published: 14 August 2020 in Journal of Medical Internet Research
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Background The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic began in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. Wuhan had a much higher mortality rate than the rest of China. However, a large number of asymptomatic infections in Wuhan may have never been diagnosed, contributing to an overestimated mortality rate. Objective This study aims to obtain an accurate estimate of infections in Wuhan using internet data. Methods In this study, we performed a combined analysis of the infection rate among evacuated foreign citizens to estimate the infection rate in Wuhan in late January and early February. Results Based on our analysis, the combined infection rate of the foreign evacuees was 0.013 (95% CI 0.008-0.022). Therefore, we estimate the number of infected people in Wuhan to be 143,000 (range 88,000-242,000), which is significantly higher than previous estimates. Our study indicates that a large number of infections in Wuhan were not diagnosed, which has resulted in an overestimated case fatality rate. Conclusions Increased awareness of the original infection rate of Wuhan is critical for proper public health measures at all levels, as well as to eliminate panic caused by overestimated mortality rates that may bias health policy actions by the authorities.

ACS Style

Hui-Qi Qu; Zhangkai Jason Cheng; Zhifeng Duan; Lifeng Tian; Hakon Hakonarson. The Infection Rate of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: Combined Analysis of Population Samples. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2020, 22, e20914 .

AMA Style

Hui-Qi Qu, Zhangkai Jason Cheng, Zhifeng Duan, Lifeng Tian, Hakon Hakonarson. The Infection Rate of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: Combined Analysis of Population Samples. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2020; 22 (8):e20914.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hui-Qi Qu; Zhangkai Jason Cheng; Zhifeng Duan; Lifeng Tian; Hakon Hakonarson. 2020. "The Infection Rate of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: Combined Analysis of Population Samples." Journal of Medical Internet Research 22, no. 8: e20914.

Preprint content
Published: 04 June 2020
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BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic began in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. Wuhan had a much higher mortality rate than the rest of China. However, a large number of asymptomatic infections in Wuhan may have never been diagnosed, contributing to an overestimated mortality rate. OBJECTIVE This study aims to obtain an accurate estimate of infections in Wuhan using internet data. METHODS In this study, we performed a combined analysis of the infection rate among evacuated foreign citizens to estimate the infection rate in Wuhan in late January and early February. RESULTS Based on our analysis, the combined infection rate of the foreign evacuees was 0.013 (95% CI 0.008-0.022). Therefore, we estimate the number of infected people in Wuhan to be 143,000 (range 88,000-242,000), which is significantly higher than previous estimates. Our study indicates that a large number of infections in Wuhan were not diagnosed, which has resulted in an overestimated case fatality rate. CONCLUSIONS Increased awareness of the original infection rate of Wuhan is critical for proper public health measures at all levels, as well as to eliminate panic caused by overestimated mortality rates that may bias health policy actions by the authorities.

ACS Style

Hui-Qi Qu; Zhangkai Jason Cheng; Zhifeng Duan; Lifeng Tian; Hakon Hakonarson. The Infection Rate of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: Combined Analysis of Population Samples (Preprint). 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Hui-Qi Qu, Zhangkai Jason Cheng, Zhifeng Duan, Lifeng Tian, Hakon Hakonarson. The Infection Rate of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: Combined Analysis of Population Samples (Preprint). . 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hui-Qi Qu; Zhangkai Jason Cheng; Zhifeng Duan; Lifeng Tian; Hakon Hakonarson. 2020. "The Infection Rate of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: Combined Analysis of Population Samples (Preprint)." , no. : 1.

Other
Published: 08 May 2020
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Summary BoxWhat is already known about this subject?The Wuhan city in China had a much higher mortality rate (Feb 10th statistics: 748 death/18,454 diagnosis =4.05%; Apr 24th statistics: 3,869 death/50,333 diagnosis=7.69%) than the rest of China.What are the new findings?Based on our analysis, the number of infected people in Wuhan is estimated to be 143,000 (88,000 to 242,000) in late January and early February, significantly higher than the published number of diagnosed cases.What are the recommendations for policy and practice?Increased awareness of the original infection rates in Wuhan, China is critically important for proper public health measures at all levels, as well as to eliminate panic caused by overestimated mortality rate that may bias health policy actions by the authorities

ACS Style

Hui-Qi Qu; Zhangkai J. Cheng; Zhifeng Duan; Lifeng Tian; Hakon Hakonarson. The Infection Rate of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China. 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Hui-Qi Qu, Zhangkai J. Cheng, Zhifeng Duan, Lifeng Tian, Hakon Hakonarson. The Infection Rate of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China. . 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hui-Qi Qu; Zhangkai J. Cheng; Zhifeng Duan; Lifeng Tian; Hakon Hakonarson. 2020. "The Infection Rate of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China." , no. : 1.

Preprint
Published: 16 April 2020
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Background: There is a current worldwide outbreak of a new type of coronavirus COVID-19. The number of confirmed infected cases is rapidly increasing. Method: This paper analyzes the characteristics of COVID-19 in comparison with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and influenza. Diagnostic data for foreign citizens evacuated from Wuhan were collected and compiled. Current prevention and control strategies have been analyzed. Results: COVID-19 is similar to SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV virologically and etiologically, but similar to influenza in epidemiology and virulence. The prevalence rate in Wuhan was inferred to be close to 1%. The comparison provides a new perspective for the future of the disease, and offers some advice in the prevention and control management strategy. Conclusion: The large number of patients and the strong occult nature are two big problems, making the virus difficult to eradicate. We need to contemplate the possibility of long-term co-existence with COVID-19.

ACS Style

Zhangkai J. Cheng; Zhigang Liu; Ruixi Zeng; Lifeng Tian; Zhifeng Duan; Hakon Hakonarson; Hui-Qi Qu; Qing Zhang; LiTeng Yang; Gang Cheng. COVID-19: Look to the Future, Learn from the Past. 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Zhangkai J. Cheng, Zhigang Liu, Ruixi Zeng, Lifeng Tian, Zhifeng Duan, Hakon Hakonarson, Hui-Qi Qu, Qing Zhang, LiTeng Yang, Gang Cheng. COVID-19: Look to the Future, Learn from the Past. . 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhangkai J. Cheng; Zhigang Liu; Ruixi Zeng; Lifeng Tian; Zhifeng Duan; Hakon Hakonarson; Hui-Qi Qu; Qing Zhang; LiTeng Yang; Gang Cheng. 2020. "COVID-19: Look to the Future, Learn from the Past." , no. : 1.