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Chapter 2 of the Vegetable Production Handbook
Guodong Liu; Eric H. Simonne; Kelly T. Morgan; George J. Hochmuth; Shinsuke Agehara; Rao Mylavarapu; Phillip B. Williams. Chapter 2. Fertilizer Management for Vegetable Production in Florida. EDIS 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleGuodong Liu, Eric H. Simonne, Kelly T. Morgan, George J. Hochmuth, Shinsuke Agehara, Rao Mylavarapu, Phillip B. Williams. Chapter 2. Fertilizer Management for Vegetable Production in Florida. EDIS. 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGuodong Liu; Eric H. Simonne; Kelly T. Morgan; George J. Hochmuth; Shinsuke Agehara; Rao Mylavarapu; Phillip B. Williams. 2021. "Chapter 2. Fertilizer Management for Vegetable Production in Florida." EDIS , no. : 1.
Chapter 16 of the Vegetable Production Handbook.
Vance M. Whitaker; Nathan S. Boyd; Natalia A. Peres; Johan Desaeger; Sriyanka Lahiri; Shinsuke Agehara. Chapter 16. Strawberry Production. EDIS 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleVance M. Whitaker, Nathan S. Boyd, Natalia A. Peres, Johan Desaeger, Sriyanka Lahiri, Shinsuke Agehara. Chapter 16. Strawberry Production. EDIS. 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVance M. Whitaker; Nathan S. Boyd; Natalia A. Peres; Johan Desaeger; Sriyanka Lahiri; Shinsuke Agehara. 2021. "Chapter 16. Strawberry Production." EDIS , no. : 1.
Strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa Duch.) yields in winter production regions are greatly affected by early-season nitrogen (N) fertilization, especially when pre-plant N is not applied. In Florida, United States, applying N at high rates during the early season is a common fertilization practice, but little is known about its impact on fruit quality. The objective of this study was to examine season and early-season N fertilization effects on yield and physicochemical attributes of ‘Florida Radiance’ strawberry grown under subtropical climate conditions. Field experiments were conducted in west-central Florida over two growing seasons. Plants were treated with three N rates (1.12, 1.68, and 2.24 kg/ha/d) over 21 days during the early vegetative growth stage. Thereafter, all plants were treated with the same N rate of 1.12 kg/ha/d until the end of the season. Increasing the early-season N rate increased marketable yield by 15% to 18%, but it had no significant effect on any fruit quality attributes. Contrarily, marketable yield was similar in both seasons, whereas fruit quality showed remarkable seasonal variations. In the season with higher solar radiation and lower temperature, RH, and rainfall during the fruit development period, berries were redder with increased anthocyanin accumulation but had lower pH, acidity, and soluble solids. These results suggest that season has a greater effect on fruit quality than early-season N fertilization, which is complex to dissect because of the interaction between fruit quality attributes and environmental conditions. The use of high N rates during the early season appears to be an effective strategy to improve the profitability of winter strawberry production. Importantly, this fertilization technique has a minimal risk of compromising fruit quality or fertilizer N use efficiency.
Shinsuke Agehara; Maria Nunes. Season and Nitrogen Fertilization Effects on Yield and Physicochemical Attributes of Strawberry under Subtropical Climate Conditions. Agronomy 2021, 11, 1391 .
AMA StyleShinsuke Agehara, Maria Nunes. Season and Nitrogen Fertilization Effects on Yield and Physicochemical Attributes of Strawberry under Subtropical Climate Conditions. Agronomy. 2021; 11 (7):1391.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShinsuke Agehara; Maria Nunes. 2021. "Season and Nitrogen Fertilization Effects on Yield and Physicochemical Attributes of Strawberry under Subtropical Climate Conditions." Agronomy 11, no. 7: 1391.
Lúpulo, un ingrediente esencial de la cerveza, tiene el potencial de desarrollarse como un cultivo alternativo viable en Florida. Este artículo es parte de una serie más grande que revisará los desafíos de la producción de lúpulo, basado en experiencias en nuestro campo de investigación en el UF/IFAS Gulf Coast REC. Written by S. Agehara, A. Acosta-Rangel, M. Gallardo, and G. Vallad, translated by M. Gallardo, and published by the UF/IFAS Horticultural Sciences Department.
Shinsuke Agehara; Aleyda Acosta-Rangel; Mariel Gallardo; Gary Vallad. Selección y Preparación del Material de Trasplante para la Producción Exitosa de Lúpulos en Florida. EDIS 2021, 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleShinsuke Agehara, Aleyda Acosta-Rangel, Mariel Gallardo, Gary Vallad. Selección y Preparación del Material de Trasplante para la Producción Exitosa de Lúpulos en Florida. EDIS. 2021; 2021 (3):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShinsuke Agehara; Aleyda Acosta-Rangel; Mariel Gallardo; Gary Vallad. 2021. "Selección y Preparación del Material de Trasplante para la Producción Exitosa de Lúpulos en Florida." EDIS 2021, no. 3: 1.
Este artículo describe las prácticas de manejo del cultivo y horas de mano de obra necesarios para la producción de lúpulo a pequeña escala en Florida con el objetivo de ayudar a los productores a tomar decisiones de inversión y de manejo de campo. This new 6-page publication of the UF/IFAS Horticultural Sciences Department was written by Shinsuke Agehara, Mariel Gallardo, Aleyda Acosta-Rangel, Zhanao Deng, Jack Rechcigl, Tianyuan Luo, and Qi Qiu, and translated by Mariel Gallardo.
Shinsuke Agehara; Mariel Gallardo; Aleyda Acosta-Rangel; Zhanao Deng; Jack Rechcigl; Tianyuan Luo; Qi Qiu. Prácticas de Manejo de Cultivo y Mano de Obra Empleadas para la Producción de Lúpulos en Florida. EDIS 2021, 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleShinsuke Agehara, Mariel Gallardo, Aleyda Acosta-Rangel, Zhanao Deng, Jack Rechcigl, Tianyuan Luo, Qi Qiu. Prácticas de Manejo de Cultivo y Mano de Obra Empleadas para la Producción de Lúpulos en Florida. EDIS. 2021; 2021 (3):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShinsuke Agehara; Mariel Gallardo; Aleyda Acosta-Rangel; Zhanao Deng; Jack Rechcigl; Tianyuan Luo; Qi Qiu. 2021. "Prácticas de Manejo de Cultivo y Mano de Obra Empleadas para la Producción de Lúpulos en Florida." EDIS 2021, no. 3: 1.
El lúpulo (Humulus lupulus L.) es uno de los cultivos emergentes en Florida. La industria de la cerveza artesanal de Florida ha experimentado un crecimiento significativo en los últimos 10 años, con 285 cervecerías que produjeron 42.6 millones de galones de cerveza y generaron un impacto económico de $3.6 mil millones en 2018 (Brewers Association 2018). Para responder a su fuerte demanda de lúpulos cultivados localmente, un equipo de investigación de lúpulo interdisciplinario está estudiando las prácticas óptimas de manejo de cultivos para este cultivo emergente en el Centro de Educación e Investigación de la Costa del Golfo de UF/IFAS (GCREC). En Florida, el principal factor que limita el rendimiento es la floración prematura inducida por las insuficientes las horas de luz diarias. Este artículo proporciona recomendaciones para el uso de iluminación suplementaria en el control de floración del lúpulo en Florida.
Shinsuke Agehara; Mariel Gallardo. Uso de Iluminación Suplementaria para Controlar Floración de Lúpulos en Florida. EDIS 2021, 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleShinsuke Agehara, Mariel Gallardo. Uso de Iluminación Suplementaria para Controlar Floración de Lúpulos en Florida. EDIS. 2021; 2021 (3):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShinsuke Agehara; Mariel Gallardo. 2021. "Uso de Iluminación Suplementaria para Controlar Floración de Lúpulos en Florida." EDIS 2021, no. 3: 1.
Commercial hop (Humulus lupulus L.) production occurs predominantly in temperate climates. The objectives of this study were to characterize the phenology of hops under subtropical climatic conditions and to determine the growth and yield potential. Two field experiments were conducted in Florida, southeastern United States. Rhizomes were planted in April. Data were collected during the establishment year. In the first experiment, we evaluated 7 American, 5 European, and 1 Japanese cultivars in a randomized complete block design. Bine height, main bine number, lateral shoot number, and dry cone yield (10% moisture) were recorded. Yield varied considerably, ranging from 0 to 197 kg ha–1. The top three yielding cultivars were ‘Cascade’, ‘CTZ’, and ‘Nugget’, all of which were American cultivars. Yield had positive correlations with main bine number and lateral shoot number, but it had no significant correlation with bine height. In the second experiment, we determined the duration of each phenological stage in ‘Cascade’. Reproductive phenology was characterized by premature and nonsynchronous flowering. Prolonged flowering resulted in multiple harvests over 61 days, starting in mid-June. We also evaluated crop management treatments, which consisted of three levels of hill spacing (76, 91, and 107 cm) and two nitrogen (N) rates (109 and 130 kg ha–1) in a factorial combination. Treatments were arranged in a split-plot design with hill spacing as the main-plot factor. Yield on a per-area basis increased with reducing hill spacing and increasing N rate by 41% and 38%, respectively. Our results demonstrate unique reproductive phenology of hops under subtropical climatic conditions, which prevents once-overharvest but enables the off-season supply of fresh hops over an extended period. This study provides a benchmark to develop production strategies for hops suitable to subtropical climates.
Aleyda Acosta- Rangel; Jack Rechcigl; Simon Bollin; Zhanao Deng; Shinsuke Agehara. Hop (Humulus lupulus L.) phenology, growth, and yield under subtropical climatic conditions: Effects of cultivars and crop management. MAY 2021 2021, 764 -772.
AMA StyleAleyda Acosta- Rangel, Jack Rechcigl, Simon Bollin, Zhanao Deng, Shinsuke Agehara. Hop (Humulus lupulus L.) phenology, growth, and yield under subtropical climatic conditions: Effects of cultivars and crop management. MAY 2021. 2021; (15(05):202):764-772.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAleyda Acosta- Rangel; Jack Rechcigl; Simon Bollin; Zhanao Deng; Shinsuke Agehara. 2021. "Hop (Humulus lupulus L.) phenology, growth, and yield under subtropical climatic conditions: Effects of cultivars and crop management." MAY 2021 , no. 15(05):202: 764-772.
In winter strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) production, early-season nitrogen (N) fertilization greatly affects fruit earliness and yields, especially when pre-plant N is not applied. The objective of this study was to characterize the dose-responses of canopy growth, yield, and fruit quality to early-season N fertilization in ‘Florida Radiance’ and ‘Florida127’ strawberry. Field experiments were conducted in west-central Florida, United States. Treatments included four (0.56, 0.84, 1.12 and 1.40 kg ha−1 d−1) and five (0.22, 0.67, 1.12, 1.57, and 2.02 kg ha−1 d−1) early-season N rates in the first and second growing seasons, respectively. Increasing the early-season N rate increased early and total season yields by up to 62% to 65% and 56% to 58%, respectively, in the two cultivars. The total season yield had high positive correlations with leaf area and shoot DW. Model fitting analysis revealed cultivar-dependent dose-responses. Yield and berry size responses in ‘Florida Radiance’ were linear increases, whereas those in ‘Florida127’ were quadratic with peaks occurring at N rates of 1.21 or 1.57 kg ha−1 d−1. In ‘Florida Radiance’, soluble solids concentration showed a linear dose-response with a slope of –0.91 (0.91 °Brix decrease per 1 kg ha−1 d−1 N increase) during the early season. These results suggest that optimization of early-season N fertilization is an important production strategy to improve the profitability of winter strawberry production. Furthermore, fertilizer management that takes into account cultivar-dependent dose-responses can improve fertilizer use efficiency while minimizing fruit quality loss and environmental pollution risks.
Shinsuke Agehara. Characterizing Early-Season Nitrogen Fertilization Rate Effects on Growth, Yield, and Quality of Strawberry. Agronomy 2021, 11, 905 .
AMA StyleShinsuke Agehara. Characterizing Early-Season Nitrogen Fertilization Rate Effects on Growth, Yield, and Quality of Strawberry. Agronomy. 2021; 11 (5):905.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShinsuke Agehara. 2021. "Characterizing Early-Season Nitrogen Fertilization Rate Effects on Growth, Yield, and Quality of Strawberry." Agronomy 11, no. 5: 905.
Strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) are highly perishable fruit. Timely prediction of yield is crucial for labor management and marketing decision-making. This study demonstrates the use of high-resolution ground-based imagery, in addition to previous yield and weather information, for yield prediction throughout the season at different intervals (3–4 days, 1 week, and 3 weeks pre-harvest). Flower and fruit counts, yield, and high-resolution imagery data were collected 31 times for two cultivars (‘Florida Radiance’ and ‘Florida Beauty’) throughout the growing season. Orthorectified mosaics and digital surface models were created to extract canopy size variables (canopy area, average canopy height, canopy height standard deviation, and canopy volume) and visually count flower and fruit number. Data collected at the plot level (6 plots per cultivar, 24 plants per plot) were used to develop prediction models. Using image-based counts and canopy variables, flower and fruit counts were predicted with percentage prediction errors of 26.3% and 25.7%, respectively. Furthermore, by adding image-derived variables to the models, the accuracy of predicting out-of-sample yields at different time intervals was increased by 10–29% compared to those models without image-derived variables. These results suggest that close-range high-resolution images can contribute to yield prediction and could assist the industry with decision making by changing growers’ prediction practices.
Amr Abd-Elrahman; Feng Wu; Shinsuke Agehara; Katie Britt. Improving Strawberry Yield Prediction by Integrating Ground-Based Canopy Images in Modeling Approaches. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 2021, 10, 239 .
AMA StyleAmr Abd-Elrahman, Feng Wu, Shinsuke Agehara, Katie Britt. Improving Strawberry Yield Prediction by Integrating Ground-Based Canopy Images in Modeling Approaches. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information. 2021; 10 (4):239.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAmr Abd-Elrahman; Feng Wu; Shinsuke Agehara; Katie Britt. 2021. "Improving Strawberry Yield Prediction by Integrating Ground-Based Canopy Images in Modeling Approaches." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, no. 4: 239.
Inadequate winter chill causes poor budbreak in blackberry (Rubus L. subgenus Rubus Watson), limiting the commercial production in the subtropics. In ‘Natchez’ blackberry, our previous study found that, under inadequate chilling conditions, urea and lime sulfur (LS) applied as defoliants before chill accumulation advanced budbreak but did not improve final budbreak. In this study, we applied the two defoliants at the end of chill accumulation and examined their effectiveness in breaking dormancy, with a hypothesis that it can be enhanced with increased exposure to chilling. Field experiments were conducted over two growing seasons under subtropical climatic conditions. ‘Natchez’ blackberry was sprayed with urea or LS at 10%. Both defoliants were effective in both advancing and maximizing budbreak. Final budbreak reached 42.6% to 76.8% in the defoliant treatments, compared with 27.1% to 31.6% in the control. Advanced budbreak by defoliants increased early season yield by 35% to 88%. Although not statistically significant, defoliants increased total-season yield by 19% to 56%, compared with the control. Phytohormone profiling revealed no changes in abscisic acid and gibberellic acid 4, but increasing trends in jasmonic acid and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) during budbreak. The LS treatment increased IAA accumulation by up to 377% compared with the control. These results suggest that urea and LS are highly effective dormancy-breaking agents for blackberry when applied after winter chill accumulation. These defoliants could be an important adaptation tool for subtropical blackberry production. Furthermore, increased IAA accumulation appears to be, at least in part, the mode of action for LS-induced budbreak.
Syuan-You Lin; Shinsuke Agehara. Foliar application of defoliants after winter chill accumulation changes phytohormone dynamics and improves budbreak in blackberry under subtropical climatic conditions. Plant Growth Regulation 2021, 94, 171 -181.
AMA StyleSyuan-You Lin, Shinsuke Agehara. Foliar application of defoliants after winter chill accumulation changes phytohormone dynamics and improves budbreak in blackberry under subtropical climatic conditions. Plant Growth Regulation. 2021; 94 (2):171-181.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSyuan-You Lin; Shinsuke Agehara. 2021. "Foliar application of defoliants after winter chill accumulation changes phytohormone dynamics and improves budbreak in blackberry under subtropical climatic conditions." Plant Growth Regulation 94, no. 2: 171-181.
The booming craft beer industry, rising prices of hops, and demand for locally-produced ingredients have recently increased interest in local hop production among growers and brewers. This article describes crop management practices and labor inputs required for small-scale hop production in Florida, with the aim of assisting growers with investment and farm management decisions. It is part of a larger series that will review the challenges of hop production in Florida, based on research experience at the UF/IFAS Gulf Coast Research and Education Center in Balm, FL. This new 6-page publication of the UF/IFAS Horticultural Sciences Department was written by Shinsuke Agehara, Mariel Gallardo, Aleyda Acosta-Rangel, Zhanao Deng, Jack Rechcigl, Tianyuan Luo, and Qi Qiu.https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/hs1409
Shinsuke Agehara; Mariel Gallardo; Aleyda Acosta-Rangel; Zhanao Deng; Jack Rechcigl; Tianyuan Luo; Qi Qiu. Crop Management Practices and Labor Inputs for Hop Production in Florida. EDIS 2021, 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleShinsuke Agehara, Mariel Gallardo, Aleyda Acosta-Rangel, Zhanao Deng, Jack Rechcigl, Tianyuan Luo, Qi Qiu. Crop Management Practices and Labor Inputs for Hop Production in Florida. EDIS. 2021; 2021 (2):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShinsuke Agehara; Mariel Gallardo; Aleyda Acosta-Rangel; Zhanao Deng; Jack Rechcigl; Tianyuan Luo; Qi Qiu. 2021. "Crop Management Practices and Labor Inputs for Hop Production in Florida." EDIS 2021, no. 2: 1.
El lúpulo (Humulus lupulus L.) es un ingrediente esencial en la elaboración de cerveza, que agrega amargura y sabor a la cerveza. Impulsada por el reciente movimiento de la cerveza artesanal, la producción de lúpulo se está expandiendo hacia estados no tradicionales en la producción de lúpulo. En Florida, aunque la producción comercial de lúpulo es casi inexistente, la cantidad de cervecerías artesanales aumentó de 45 en 2011 a 285 en 2018, y el impacto económico de la industria de la cerveza artesanal en Florida supera los $3 mil millones. Este nuevo artículo de 7 páginas, escrito por Shinsuke Agehara, Aleyda Acosta-Rangel, Zhanao Deng, Jack Rechcigl y Simon Bollin, traducido por Mariel Gallardo y publicado por el Horticultural Sciences Department de UF/IFAS, proporciona pautas y consideraciones para construir el sistema de tutorado para lúpulo y su establecimiento en Florida, utilizando como modelo, el campo de investigación del UF/IFAS Gulf Coast Research and Education Center (GCREC).https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/hs1408
Shinsuke Agehara; Aleyda Acosta-Rangel; Zhanao Deng; Jack Rechcigl; Simon Bollin; Mariel Gallardo. Construcción del Sistema de Tutorado para Lúpulo y su Establecimiento en Florida. EDIS 2021, 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleShinsuke Agehara, Aleyda Acosta-Rangel, Zhanao Deng, Jack Rechcigl, Simon Bollin, Mariel Gallardo. Construcción del Sistema de Tutorado para Lúpulo y su Establecimiento en Florida. EDIS. 2021; 2021 (2):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShinsuke Agehara; Aleyda Acosta-Rangel; Zhanao Deng; Jack Rechcigl; Simon Bollin; Mariel Gallardo. 2021. "Construcción del Sistema de Tutorado para Lúpulo y su Establecimiento en Florida." EDIS 2021, no. 2: 1.
Surveys of arthropods associated with hops at the University of Florida's Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, Wimauma, Florida, USA, from 2016 to 2020 reveal that spider mites are the primary pest of the crop. Lepidoptera and lace bugs also were observed causing occasional damage to the crop. Whiteflies and thrips have been observed on the crop in low numbers. The tall (5.5 m) canopy of the hops trellis creates a challenge to applying insecticides with adequate coverage. Sampling data indicate that spider mite densities tend to be higher in the upper canopy than at ground level. Efforts to control spider mites with releases of the commercially available predator Phytoseiulus persimilis showed promise. Naturally occurring spider mite predators observed on hops at Gulf Coast Research and Education Center include Stethorus sp., Neoseiulus sp., Orius sp., and trash bugs.
Hugh Smith; Megan Hennessey; Amanda Furuya; Esnai Munthali; Bruno Rossitto De Marchi; Shinsuke Agehara. Pests of Florida Hops: Preliminary Observations. Florida Entomologist 2021, 104, 51 -53.
AMA StyleHugh Smith, Megan Hennessey, Amanda Furuya, Esnai Munthali, Bruno Rossitto De Marchi, Shinsuke Agehara. Pests of Florida Hops: Preliminary Observations. Florida Entomologist. 2021; 104 (1):51-53.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHugh Smith; Megan Hennessey; Amanda Furuya; Esnai Munthali; Bruno Rossitto De Marchi; Shinsuke Agehara. 2021. "Pests of Florida Hops: Preliminary Observations." Florida Entomologist 104, no. 1: 51-53.
In subtropical blackberry (Rubus L. subgenus Rubus Watson) production, inadequate winter chill causes poor and erratic budbreak, whereas high temperatures and heavy rainfall deteriorate late-season fruit quality. We examined the effects of four defoliants [zinc sulfate (ZS), potassium thiosulfate (KTS), urea, and lime sulfur (LS)] on defoliation, budbreak, yield, and fruit quality of ‘Natchez’ blackberry grown under inadequate chilling conditions in two consecutive growing seasons. Plants were treated with defoliants at 187 kg·ha−1 via spray application (1870 L·ha−1) at the beginning of chill accumulation (late December). A nonionic surfactant (Agri-Dex) was added at 0.5% (v/v) to all treatments including the water control. Cumulative chilling hours (−1, respectively, compared with the control (0.12 t·ha−1). By contrast, the final percentage of budbreak and total-season yield did not show significant treatment effects. KTS caused cane dieback and increased bud mortality, resulting in the lowest total-season yield among the treatments. Importantly, defoliants had no negative impact on berry size and soluble solids concentration. These results suggest that urea, LS, and ZS are effective bud dormancy-breaking agents for blackberry and that they could be an important adaptation tool for subtropical blackberry production. Among the three defoliants, urea appears to be the ideal chemical option because of its consistent efficacy, favorable safety profile, and low application cost.
Syuan-You Lin; Shinsuke Agehara. Foliar Application of Defoliants before Winter Chill Accumulation Advances Budbreak and Improves Fruit Earliness of Blackberry under Subtropical Climatic Conditions. HortScience 2021, 56, 210 -216.
AMA StyleSyuan-You Lin, Shinsuke Agehara. Foliar Application of Defoliants before Winter Chill Accumulation Advances Budbreak and Improves Fruit Earliness of Blackberry under Subtropical Climatic Conditions. HortScience. 2021; 56 (2):210-216.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSyuan-You Lin; Shinsuke Agehara. 2021. "Foliar Application of Defoliants before Winter Chill Accumulation Advances Budbreak and Improves Fruit Earliness of Blackberry under Subtropical Climatic Conditions." HortScience 56, no. 2: 210-216.
In subtropical climates, inadequate winter chill limits blackberry (Rubus L. subgenus Rubus Watson) production by causing poor and erratic floral budbreak. To compensate for a lack of chilling, bud dormancy-breaking agents must be developed for subtropical blackberry production. Our previous study showed that gibberellic acid (GA3) promotes budbreak in three blackberry cultivars but has potential negative side effects on floral development in ‘Natchez’. 6-benzyladenine (6-BA) is a synthetic cytokinin that can act as an antagonist of gibberellins during floral transition. The objectives of this study were to evaluate cultivar × exogenous GA3 interactions, characterize dose effects of exogenous GA3, and examine synergistic effects of GA3 and 6-BA. Three field experiments were conducted in west central Florida. All spray treatments were applied at the end of the chilling period. In the first experiment, ‘Natchez’, ‘Navaho’, and ‘Ouachita’ were treated with GA3 at 0 or 99 g·ha−1. Budbreak was promoted by exogenous GA3 in all three cultivars (0.9% to 4.5% vs. 42.9% to 69.4%), but yield responses varied considerably. Exogenous GA3 increased the yield of ‘Navaho’ and ‘Ouachita’ by 560% to 931%, whereas it induced flower abortion and caused a 15% yield reduction in ‘Natchez’. In the second experiment, ‘Natchez’ was treated with GA3 at 0, 25, 99, or 198 g·ha−1. Budbreak increased linearly with GA3, but yield decreased exponentially with GA3 because of dose-dependent flower abortion. In the third experiment, ‘Natchez’ was subjected to five treatments: 1) water control; 2) GA3 spray application; 3) 6-BA spray application; 4) combined spray application of GA3 and 6-BA; and 5) sequential spray application of 6-BA at 9 days after GA3 application. Application rates were 99 and 47 g·ha−1 for GA3 and 6-BA, respectively. Exogenous 6-BA suppressed GA3-induced flower abortion only to a limited extent. As a result, GA3-containing treatments caused 65% to 83% yield reductions compared with the control (2382 vs. 410–823 g/plant). These results demonstrate that GA3 is a highly effective bud dormancy-breaking agent for blackberry. However, the drawback of GA3 is cultivar-dependent flower abortion, which cannot be fully mitigated by 6-BA. The use of GA3 can be an important management practice for subtropical blackberry production, but its practical implementation must consider cultivar-dependent responses.
Syuan-You Lin; Shinsuke Agehara. Exogenous Gibberellic Acid and Cytokinin Effects on Budbreak, Flowering, and Yield of Blackberry Grown under Subtropical Climatic Conditions. HortScience 2020, 55, 1938 -1945.
AMA StyleSyuan-You Lin, Shinsuke Agehara. Exogenous Gibberellic Acid and Cytokinin Effects on Budbreak, Flowering, and Yield of Blackberry Grown under Subtropical Climatic Conditions. HortScience. 2020; 55 (12):1938-1945.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSyuan-You Lin; Shinsuke Agehara. 2020. "Exogenous Gibberellic Acid and Cytokinin Effects on Budbreak, Flowering, and Yield of Blackberry Grown under Subtropical Climatic Conditions." HortScience 55, no. 12: 1938-1945.
In Taiwan, strawberries (Fragaria ×ananassa Duch.) are an exotic and expensive commodity, with the retail market prices ranging from 170 to 670 NT$/kg (5.37 to 21.15 US$ based on the yearly average currency exchange rate in 2017). Because of the humid subtropical climate and lack of suitable cultivars, yields are relatively low with a narrow harvest window compared to major strawberry producing countries. However, consumer demand for strawberries is strong in Taiwan. Over the last two decades, there were significant changes in Taiwan’s strawberry industry. From 1997 to 2017, production area, production volume, yield, farm gate price, and production value increased by 36% (369 vs. 500 ha), 100% (4444 vs. 8907 t), 48% (12.0 vs. 17.8 t/ha), 94% (66 vs. 127 NT$/kg), and 186% (0.79 vs. 2.27 million NT$/ha), respectively. Strawberries produced in 2017 were valued at 1.13 billion NT$ (35.7 million US$), which was the highest on record. Imports of strawberries also increased by 104% (562 vs. 933 t) from 2006 to 2017. The industry’s rapid growth has been supported by advanced production technologies, improved crop management practices, breeding programs, and local marketing efforts. Taiwanese consumers are brand-conscious and demand for high-quality food products. Agritourism has recently become very popular in the strawberry production areas. Because of strong consumer demand and unique market opportunities, Taiwan’s strawberry industry has significant growth potential, particularly in U-pick and organic farming. This paper provides an overview of Taiwan’s strawberry industry and discusses its challenges and opportunities.
Shinsuke Agehara; Syuan-You Lin; Le Kang. Strawberry Production and Markets in Taiwan: Challenges, Trends, and Outlook. International Journal of Fruit Science 2020, 20, S2018 -S2029.
AMA StyleShinsuke Agehara, Syuan-You Lin, Le Kang. Strawberry Production and Markets in Taiwan: Challenges, Trends, and Outlook. International Journal of Fruit Science. 2020; 20 (sup3):S2018-S2029.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShinsuke Agehara; Syuan-You Lin; Le Kang. 2020. "Strawberry Production and Markets in Taiwan: Challenges, Trends, and Outlook." International Journal of Fruit Science 20, no. sup3: S2018-S2029.
Inadequate winter chill causes poor and erratic budbreak in blackberry (Rubus L. subgenus Rubus Watson), limiting the commercial production in subtropical climates. We examined the effects of exogenous gibberellic acid (GA3) on the reproductive phenology, fruit number, yield, and fruit quality of three blackberry cultivars (‘Natchez’, ‘Navaho’, and ‘Ouachita’) grown under subtropical climatic conditions in two consecutive growing seasons. A single spray application of GA3 at 0 or 49 g·ha−1 was performed when plants were dormant in late December to late January. Exogenous GA3 advanced the onset of budbreak by 12 to 82 days, flowering by four to 20 days, and fruit ripening by 0 to 15 days. When pooling across the cultivars, it also increased early-season yield by 83% to 276% in two consecutive growing seasons and total-season yield by 60% in the second growing season. Among the cultivars, the yield responses to GA3 were most consistent in ‘Ouachita’, with early-season yield increasing by up to 499%. The average berry weight and soluble solids concentration were slightly reduced by GA3, but these reductions were not consistent in the two growing seasons and the impact on overall fruit marketability was small. These results suggest that exogenous GA3 is an effective bud dormancy breaking compound for blackberry, and it could be an important adaptation tool for subtropical blackberry production.
Syuan-You Lin; Shinsuke Agehara. Exogenous Gibberellic Acid Advances Reproductive Phenology and Increases Early-Season Yield in Subtropical Blackberry Production. Agronomy 2020, 10, 1317 .
AMA StyleSyuan-You Lin, Shinsuke Agehara. Exogenous Gibberellic Acid Advances Reproductive Phenology and Increases Early-Season Yield in Subtropical Blackberry Production. Agronomy. 2020; 10 (9):1317.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSyuan-You Lin; Shinsuke Agehara. 2020. "Exogenous Gibberellic Acid Advances Reproductive Phenology and Increases Early-Season Yield in Subtropical Blackberry Production." Agronomy 10, no. 9: 1317.
Transplant shock is caused by various types of abiotic stress, limiting stand establishment and productivity of many vegetable crops. Although postplanting stress can be minimized under well-managed field conditions, mechanical stress is unavoidable during the transport and transplanting of seedlings. Mechanical stress stimulates ethylene production, which in turn, induces overall growth retardation as a stress adaptation strategy. We hypothesized that, under optimum field conditions, transplant shock is caused primarily by ethylene-induced stress responses, and that inhibiting ethylene action can reduce transplant shock by maintaining uninterrupted growth. In this study, a new spray formulation of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) was used to inhibit ethylene perception in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) seedlings. A bioassay experiment demonstrated reduced ethylene sensitivity in 1-MCP–treated (1 mg·L−1) seedlings using leaf epinasty and chlorosis as measured responses. Field experiments evaluated growth, physiological, and yield responses to preplant spray treatment of 1-MCP (12.5–50 mg·L−1) under optimum field conditions. Postplanting growth modulation by 1-MCP at the flowering stage was characterized by enhanced height growth and suppressed stem diameter growth, indicating the inhibition of ethylene-induced stress responses. At the fruit harvest stage, preplant 1-MCP treatment increased shoot biomass by 23% and flower production by 22%, while improving photosynthetic capacity on a whole-plant basis. As a result, 1-MCP–treated plants produced 13% to 24% higher total marketable fruit yields than untreated plants in two consecutive growing seasons. Correlation analyses revealed that flower number increased proportionally to shoot biomass, and marketable fruit number increased proportionally to flower number. These results support our hypothesis and propose that preplant 1-MCP treatment is a new stress-management approach to reducing transplant shock. Importantly, this new technique is easily implementable by commercial transplant nurseries with no negative side effect on transplant quality and fruit development.
Shinsuke Agehara. Preplant Application of 1-Methylcyclopropene Improves Postplanting Performance of Tomato Transplants by Suppressing Ethylene-induced Stress Responses. HortScience 2020, 55, 581 -588.
AMA StyleShinsuke Agehara. Preplant Application of 1-Methylcyclopropene Improves Postplanting Performance of Tomato Transplants by Suppressing Ethylene-induced Stress Responses. HortScience. 2020; 55 (4):581-588.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShinsuke Agehara. 2020. "Preplant Application of 1-Methylcyclopropene Improves Postplanting Performance of Tomato Transplants by Suppressing Ethylene-induced Stress Responses." HortScience 55, no. 4: 581-588.
In Florida, early planting to take advantage of higher prices for early fruit has been proposed for the strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa Duch.) industry, but it can expose strawberry transplants to heat stress which is common in sub-tropical conditions. Additionally, strawberry plug transplants are of interest for addressing the high sprinkler irrigation requirement for bare-root transplant establishment. The objective of this study was to examine the effectiveness of antitranspirants, s-abscisic acid (s-ABA) and kaolin, in heat stress mitigation for strawberry plug transplants. Trials were conducted in Citra, Florida during three seasons (2015–2016, 2016–2017, and 2017–2018). The s-ABA was applied as a root dip just prior to transplanting. In 2015–2016, s-ABA was applied at 250, 500, 750, and 1000 mg L−1. Lower rates of 50–250 mg L−1 were used during the subsequent years. Kaolin was applied at 56 kg·ha−1 as either a single foliar spray immediately after transplanting or as two consecutive sprays seven days apart. Transient stomatal closure with ≤ 100 mg L−1 of s-ABA provided protection from heat stress with little or no negative side effects and resulted in higher early and total season yields than the untreated control. Both the single and double applications of kaolin consistently protected strawberry transplants from heat stress, enhancing photosynthesis as well as early and total marketable fruit weight. Since the double application of kaolin provided higher early marketable fruit weight than the single kaolin application, the double applications of kaolin appear to have better potential than the single application for mitigating heat stress in sub-tropical conditions during strawberry plug transplant establishment.
Prosanta K. Dash; Carlene A. Chase; Shinsuke Agehara; Lincoln Zotarelli. Heat stress mitigation effects of kaolin and s-abscisic acid during the establishment of strawberry plug transplants. Scientia Horticulturae 2020, 267, 109276 .
AMA StyleProsanta K. Dash, Carlene A. Chase, Shinsuke Agehara, Lincoln Zotarelli. Heat stress mitigation effects of kaolin and s-abscisic acid during the establishment of strawberry plug transplants. Scientia Horticulturae. 2020; 267 ():109276.
Chicago/Turabian StyleProsanta K. Dash; Carlene A. Chase; Shinsuke Agehara; Lincoln Zotarelli. 2020. "Heat stress mitigation effects of kaolin and s-abscisic acid during the establishment of strawberry plug transplants." Scientia Horticulturae 267, no. : 109276.
Blackberry (Rubus spp.) is a deciduous berry crop and the fourth most economically important berry crop in the United States. Driven by the growing demand for blackberries, production recently expanded to the southeastern United States. In Florida, however, commercial blackberry production is limited primarily to small commercial U-pick operations. The main challenges include insufficient chill hours and poor fruit quality associated with the subtropical climate. This new 6-page article, a publication of the UF/IFAS Horticultural Sciences Department, will discuss important cultivar selection criteria and recommended blackberry cultivars in subtropical Florida. Written by Shinsuke Agehara, Syuan-You Lin, and Zhanao Deng.https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/hs1352
Shinsuke Agehara; Syuan-You Lin; Zhanao Deng. Choosing the Right Blackberry Cultivar in Subtropical Florida. EDIS 2020, 2020, 6 -6.
AMA StyleShinsuke Agehara, Syuan-You Lin, Zhanao Deng. Choosing the Right Blackberry Cultivar in Subtropical Florida. EDIS. 2020; 2020 (1):6-6.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShinsuke Agehara; Syuan-You Lin; Zhanao Deng. 2020. "Choosing the Right Blackberry Cultivar in Subtropical Florida." EDIS 2020, no. 1: 6-6.