Meat color is an important aspect of a consumer’s purchase decisions regarding meat products. Perceived meatcolor results from the interaction of light, a detector (i.e., human eye), and numerous factors, both intrinsic and extrinsic tothe muscle, that influence the chemical state of myoglobin. The complex nature of these interactions dictates that decisionsregarding evaluations of meat color be made carefully and that investigators have a basic knowledge of the physical andchemical factors affecting their evaluations. These guidelines were compiled to aid investigators in navigating the pitfalls ofmeat color evaluation and ensure the reporting of information needed for the appropriate interpretation of the resulting data.The guidelines provide an overview of myoglobin chemistry, perceptions of meat color, details of instrumentation used inmeat color evaluation, and step-by-step protocols of the most common laboratory techniques used in meat color research.By following these guidelines, results of meat color research may be more clearly presented and more easily replicated.

The impacts of accelerated pH decline combined with high muscle temperature on post-mortem muscle metabolism and subsequent meat quality attributes have been extensively studied. Traditionally, this phenomenon has been observed in pork muscles, primarily due to the relatively fast post-mortem glycolysis rate and its relationships to stress susceptibility of pigs before slaughter. However, the protein-denaturing condition of high temperature/rapid pH fall and subsequent PSE (pale, soft and exudative)-like abnormal meat quality characteristics have been observed in muscles from other species such as beef, lamb, venison and even poultry. Various pre-rigor conditions including the application of electrical stimulation, hot-boning, and/or pre-rigor carcass chilling temperatures in various muscles, in conjunction with carcass stretching/hanging methods, can also contribute to muscle-protein denaturation pre-rigor. This review considers the influence of a faster than normal pH fall at a higher than normal pre-rigor temperature on glycolysis, post-mortem muscle proteins and subsequently meat quality attributes. Gaps in current knowledge are identified and recommendations made for additional research.

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of house cricket ( Acheta domesticus ) flour addition on physicochemical and textural properties of meat emulsion under various formulations. As an initial marker of functionality, protein solubility, water absorption, emulsifying capacity, and gel formation ability of house cricket flour were determined at pH (2 to 10) and NaCl concentrations (0 to 2.10 M). Control emulsion was formulated with 60% lean pork, 20% back fat, and 20% ice. Six treatment emulsions were prepared with replacement of lean pork and/or back fat portions with spray‐dried house cricket flour at 5% and 10% levels, based on a total sample weight. The protein solubility of house cricket flour (67 g protein/100 g) was significantly altered depending upon pH ( P < 0.0001) and NaCl concentration ( P = 0.0421). Similar water absorption capacity, emulsifying capacity, and gel formation ability of house cricket flour were found between 0 and 2.10 M NaCl concentration ( P > 0.05). The replacement of lean meat/fat portion with house cricket flour within 10% level could fortify protein and some micronutrients (phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium) in meat emulsion, without negative impacts on cooking yield and textural properties. Our results suggest that house cricket flour can be used as an effective nonmeat functional ingredient to manufacture emulsified meat products. Practical Application: To better utilize house cricket flour as a food ingredient in wide application, understanding its technological properties in various pH, and ionic strength conditions is a pivotal step. Protein solubility of house cricket flour would be considerably affected by the varying pH and NaCl concentrations of applied conventional foods. In the case of meat emulsion, within 10% lean meat and/or fat portions could be successfully substituted with house cricket flour without detectable adverse impacts on technological properties associated with cooking yield and instrumental analysis of texture. Thus, our findings suggest that house cricket flour possess the necessary physical properties to be used as an alternative nonmeat ingredient for incorporation within emulsified meat products, which could be further explored in subsequent sensory‐based studies.